Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 9, Pages 9251-9258Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21355
Keywords
inverted organic light-emitting diodes; ZnO; surface plasmon polariton; silver nanoparticles; electron injection
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61775076, 61774070]
- project of the Six Talent Peaks of Jiangsu Province [DZXX-011, XNY-008]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20161303, BK20161300]
- 333 High-level Talents Training Program of Jiangsu Province
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The insufficient electron injection constitutes the major obstacle to achieving high-performance inverted organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, a facile electron-injection architecture featuring a silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) interlayer-modified sol-gel-derived transparent zinc oxide (ZnO) ultrathin film is proposed and demonstrated. The optimized external quantum efficiencies of the developed inverted fluorescent and phosphorescent OLEDs capitalized on our proposed electron-injection structure reached 4.0 and 21.2% at a current density of 20 mA cm(-2) and increased by a factor of 1.90 and 2.86 relative to a reference device without the AgNP interlayer, while simultaneously reducing the operational voltage and substantially ameliorating the device efficiency. Detailed analyses reveal that the local surface plasmon resonance emanated from AgNPs plays three meaningful roles simultaneously: suppressing the surface plasmon polariton mode loss, aiding in energy-level alignments, and inducing and reinforcing the local exciton-plasmon coupling electric field. Among these interesting and multifunctional roles, the enhanced local exciton-plasmon coupling electric field dominates the electron injection enhancement and substantial increases the device efficiency. Additionally, the light-scattering effect also helps in recovering the trapped light energy flux and thus improves the device efficiency. The proposed approach and findings provide an alternative path to fabricate high-performance inverted OLEDs and other related organic electronic or optoelectronic devices.
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