Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Angelos Liontos, Valentini Samanidou, Lazaros Athanasiou, Sebastien Filippas-Ntekouan, Charalambos Milionis
Summary: Measurement of serum osmolal gap is useful in suspected toxic alcohol ingestion, with normal levels typically at 10 mOsm/kg. A gap of 20 mOsm/kg is usually caused by ingestion of various toxic alcohols, but rarely by ethanol alone.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jeevan Dhanarisi, Tanita Maria Tzotzolaki, Ana-Mariya D. Vasileva, Matti A. Kjellberg, Hanna Hakulinen, Paula Vanninen, Indika Gawarammana, Fahim Mohamed, Knut Erik Hovda, Michael Eddleston
Summary: This study found that ingestion of profenofos and diazinon only caused modest increases in osmolal and anion gaps in a minority of cases.
BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Vladimir Mushailov, Gary Horowitz, Taimur Dad
Summary: A 55-year-old woman with a history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was admitted to the hospital for ovarian masses. Nephrology was consulted after routine morning laboratory measurements showed abnormal results. She had recently started a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor but had stopped taking it for over a week. Her blood glucose was 232 mg/dL and serum creatinine was 1.03 mg/dL (corresponding to an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 1.73 m2). Her physical examination was normal and she did not have any symptoms.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yassine Allata, Basmat Amal Chouhani, Ghita El Bardai, Nadia Kabbali, Tarik Sqalli Houssaini
Summary: Acute methanol poisoning is a rare but serious condition that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. It is caused by toxic metabolites produced by methanol, primarily formaldehyde, which can lead to high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial in such cases to prevent multi-organ failure and improve outcomes. This study highlights the importance of early intervention and provides insights into the treatment regimen for methanol poisoning.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Takuya Fujimaru, Takuya Shuo, Masahiko Nagahama, Fumika Taki, Masaaki Nakayama, Yasuhiro Komatsu
Summary: This study assessed the relationship between urine osmolal gap (UOG) and urinary ammonium (U-NH4+) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It was found that UOG could be a useful tool in clinical settings, especially in patients with moderate to severe CKD. The estimated U-NH4+ using UOG was consistently higher than the measured values, suggesting a potential benefit of using this method for assessing renal acid excretion in CKD patients.
Review
Pediatrics
Bahar Buyukkaragoz, Sevcan A. Bakkaloglu
Summary: Serum osmolality is determined by the osmolalities of dissolved particles in the blood. The difference between measured osmolality and calculated osmolarity forms the osmolal gap. Determination of serum osmolality and osmolal gap is important in diagnosing disorders related to sodium, glucose, and water balance.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Yuki Akiyama, Ryo Matsuoka, Takahiro Masuda, Sumiya Iwamoto, Shun Sugie, Takafumi Muto, Yuka Miyamoto, Takayuki Ohdate, Saki Nakagawa, Mari Okada, Toshimi Imai, Takanori Komada, Michiko Suzuki, Akito Maeshima, Tetsu Akimoto, Osamu Saito, Daisuke Nagata
Summary: The research compared the effects of HD and IUF on body fluid status, finding that HD had a stronger effect in reducing extracellular water compared to IUF, and there were differences in the effects of HD and IUF on effective osmolality and osmolal gap.
BLOOD PURIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Haley E. Rymut, Laurie A. Rund, Courtni R. Bolt, Maria B. Villamil, Bruce R. Southey, Rodney W. Johnson, Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
Summary: This study explores the combined effects of maternal immune activation and weaning stress on blood chemistry, immune, and hormone indicators in pigs. Results suggest that maternal immune activation may increase tolerance to disruptions triggered by weaning stress and that weaning stress can impact the metabolic, hormone, and immune systems of pigs. The study provides insights into the interaction between MIA and weaning stress and its implications for pig performance and health management practices.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Jun-Ya Kaimori, Yusuke Sakaguchi, Sachio Kajimoto, Yuta Asahina, Tatsufumi Oka, Koki Hattori, Yohei Doi, Yoshitaka Isaka
Summary: Metabolic acidosis is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with disease progression and functional impairments. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of considering blood pH and anion gap for diagnosing and treating metabolic acidosis in CKD patients. High anion gap acidosis has been identified as a prognostic factor, and there is evidence that it can be improved with specific treatments. Reevaluation of the clinical approach to diagnosing and treating metabolic acidosis in CKD may be necessary.
KIDNEY RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chenbo Xu, Lizhe Sun, Mengya Dong, Habib Ullah, Hameed Ullah, Juan Zhou, Zuyi Yuan
Summary: This study demonstrates a significant association between anion gap (AG) and short-term and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). AG, as an easily obtained clinical tool, shows strong predictive value for AMI mortality during follow-up.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chang Yin Chionh, Cheng Boon Poh, Debajyoti M. Roy, Sreekanth Koduri, Bing Lun Chow, Pei Ting Tan, Aung Soe Tin, Jia Wen Kam, Chin Shern Lau, See Ping Hoo, Soon Kieng Phua, Tar Choon Aw
Summary: This study aimed to determine the reference interval for anion gap (AG) based on current laboratory techniques. Through blood analysis of 284 participants in a health screening, the normal reference interval for AG was found to be 10-18 mmol/L. Differences in AG were detected for sex, race, obesity, and serum albumin, but the differences were minimal.
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
M. Sacks, D. P. Byrne, E. J. McConnell
Summary: This case report describes the risk of inadvertent bromide overdosing in horses and highlights the need for control of bromide use in the equine industry. The clinical signs of bromide intoxication resolved within 20 days following the last bromide administration, without specific medical intervention.
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Yao Zhu, Zonglin He, Ya Jin, Sui Zhu, Weipeng Xu, Bingxiao Li, Chuan Nie, Guosheng Liu, Jun Lyu, Shasha Han
Summary: This study quantitatively assessed the association between serum anion gap (AG) levels and all-cause mortality among sepsis patients. The findings revealed that high serum AG levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality in sepsis patients. Serum AG may serve as an alternative parameter for predicting death risk in sepsis when other variables are not immediately available.
JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Michael Emmett
Summary: This article briefly reviews the mechanisms of metabolic acidosis and categorizes them based on mechanism and the presence or absence of an increased anion gap. It emphasizes the importance of identifying the primary causative etiology as quickly as possible. When the etiology is not obvious, determining whether the metabolic acidosis is of the hyperchloremic or high-anion-gap type can be helpful in ordering appropriate diagnostic studies.
ADVANCES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Emily T. Cohen, Mark K. Su, Rana Biary, Robert S. Hoffman
Summary: This study aimed to retrospectively analyze data from a US Poison Control Center over nearly 20 years to explore diagnostic differences and related factors between alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) and toxic alcohol ingestion. The results showed that as ethanol concentration increased, the odds of diagnosing AKA also increased.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)