Article
Clinical Neurology
Andreas Giannisis, Asma Al-Grety, Henrik Carlsson, Kalicharan Patra, Daniel Twohig, Sigrid Botne Sando, Camilla Lauridsen, Guro Berge, Goril Rolfseng Grontvedt, Geir Brathen, Linda R. White, Kim Kultima, Henrietta M. Nielsen
Summary: This study found important associations between low plasma apoE levels and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as progression from mild cognitive impairment to a clinical AD diagnosis.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mingyue He, Zhan Liu, Tenghong Lian, Peng Guo, Wenjing Zhang, Yue Huang, Yanan Zhang, Gaifen Liu, Weijiao Zhang, Jinghui Li, Huiying Guan, Weijia Zhang, Dongmei Luo, Jing Qi, Hao Yue, Xiaomin Wang, Wei Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of APOE epsilon 4 on cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that carrying APOE epsilon 4 was associated with cognitive impairment and decreased levels of NGF in cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, NGF mediated the cognitive impairment associated with APOE epsilon 4.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Klodian Dhana, Neelum T. Aggarwal, Kumar B. Rajan, Lisa L. Barnes, Denis A. Evans, Martha C. Morris
Summary: Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with slower cognitive decline in older adults, particularly among those with a genetic predisposition, highlighting the importance of healthy habits in maintaining cognitive function as individuals age.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Klodian Dhana, Neelum T. Aggarwal, Kumar B. Rajan, Lisa L. Barnes, Denis A. Evans, Martha C. Morris
Summary: Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with slower cognitive decline in older adults, even for those with a genetic predisposition such as carriers of the APOE*E4 allele. On the other hand, individuals carrying the APOE*E4 gene experience faster cognitive decline. However, following a healthy lifestyle can help to mitigate this decline.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Janik Goltermann, Jonathan Repple, Ronny Redlich, Katharina Dohm, Claas Flint, Dominik Grotegerd, Lena Waltemate, Hannah Lemke, Stella Mercedes Fingas, Susanne Meinert, Verena Enneking, Tim Hahn, Jochen Bauer, Simon Schmitt, Tina Meller, Frederike Stein, Katharina Brosch, Olaf Steinstraeter, Andreas Jansen, Axel Krug, Igor Nenadic, Bernhard T. Baune, Marcella Rietschel, Stephanie Witt, Andreas J. Forstner, Markus Noethen, Andreas Johnen, Judith Alferink, Tilo Kircher, Udo Dannlowski, Nils Opel
Summary: The present study investigated the association between APOE genotype and cortical gray matter structure as well as white matter microstructure. The findings showed pronounced and widespread reductions in cortical surface area and white matter microstructure in homozygous APOE 84 carriers, supporting a global rather than regionally specific effect of the allele status.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andreas Giannisis, Asma Al-Grety, Henrik Carlsson, Jennifer C. Howell, William T. T. Hu, Kim Kultima, Henrietta M. Nielsen
Summary: Differences in plasma apoE levels and dimer formation may contribute to the racial disparity in risk of Alzheimer's disease between Black/African-Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
G. M. Fote, N. R. Geller, A. M. Reyes-Ortiz, L. M. Thompson, J. S. Steffan, J. D. Grill
Summary: Research suggests that adherence to a Mediterranean diet may help slow cognitive decline in APOE ε4 carriers, while ketogenic agents appear to be ineffective. Diets high in saturated fats may be particularly harmful for APOE ε4 carriers.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Madia Lozupone, Bruno Pietro Imbimbo, Claudia Balducci, Filomena Lo Vecchio, Paola Bisceglia, Raffaela Rita Latino, Maurizio Leone, Vittorio Dibello, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Antonio Greco, Antonio Daniele, Mark Watling, Davide Seripa, Francesco Panza
Summary: This article discusses the role of human apolipoprotein E (apoE) in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), describing its impact on brain homeostasis, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability, glial function, synaptogenesis, oral/gut microbiota, neural networks, amyloid beta deposition, and tau-mediated neurodegeneration. It also provides updates on different therapeutic approaches targeting apoE in AD treatment.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Benjamin R. Troutwine, Laylan Hamid, Colton R. Lysaker, Taylor A. Strope, Heather M. Wilkins
Summary: Genetic variation in the APOE gene is associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The APOE epsilon 4 alleles are the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset sporadic AD, while the APOE epsilon 2 alleles have lower risk and the APOE epsilon 3 alleles have neutral risk.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Stacie Deiner, Xiaoyu Liu, Hung-Mo Lin, Rachelle Jacoby, Jong Kim, Mark G. Baxter, Frederick Sieber, Kenneth Boockvar, Mary Sano
Summary: Patients with POCD are more likely to experience new disability in activities of daily living after surgery, influenced by factors such as preoperative cognition and function, postoperative depression, and postoperative complications. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of cognitive and functional status before surgery should be conducted to reduce the risk of new disability after surgery.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julien Lagarde, Pauline Olivieri, Matteo Tonietto, Cecile Tissot, Isabelle Rivals, Philippe Gervais, Fabien Caille, Martin Moussion, Michel Bottlaender, Marie Sarazin
Summary: Based on the study findings, tau tracer binding in specific brain regions is strongly associated with cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast, initial amyloid load, regional cortical atrophy or CSF biomarkers do not show significant relationship with cognitive decline.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shraddha Sapkota, G. Peggy McFall, Mario Masellis, Roger A. Dixon, Sandra E. Black
Summary: This study aimed to explore cognitive trajectories in Alzheimer's disease patients, finding that changes in ventricular size can predict cognitive trajectories, while APOE and PP risk factors can influence this pattern; additionally, as AD progresses, ventricular enlargement in the context of heightened APOE + PP risk may no longer lead to further cognitive decline.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Boung Chul Lee, Young Min Choe, Guk-Hee Suh, Ihn-Geun Choi, Hyun Soo Kim, Jaeuk Hwang, Dahyun Yi, Jin Hyeong Jhoo, Jee Wook Kim
Summary: This study examines the association between ginseng intake and AD-specific cognition in older adults and the moderating effect of APOE4 status. The results suggest that ginseng intake (with high duration and midlife onset) has a beneficial effect on AD-specific cognitive decline, specifically in delayed episodic memory. Furthermore, APOE4 status moderates the association between ginseng intake and AD-specific cognitive decline.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Katie J. Schenning, Sarah Holden, Brett A. Davis, Amelia Mulford, Kimberly A. Nevonen, Joseph F. Quinn, Jacob Raber, Lucia Carbone, Nabil J. Alkayed
Summary: Research suggests that geriatric surgical patients, especially those with APOE4, may be at higher risk of postoperative neurocognitive disorders. Surgery and anesthesia impact cognitive function in E3 mice, but have less effect on E4 mice, possibly due to pre-existing cognitive deficits in E4.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebecca Piccarducci, Chiara Giacomelli, Maria Sofia Bertilacchi, Andrea Benito-Martinez, Nicoletta Di Giorgi, Simona Daniele, Giovanni Signore, Silvia Rocchiccioli, Marcal Vilar, Laura Marchetti, Claudia Martini
Summary: The ApoE epsilon 4 polymorphic variant is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) due to its effects on cholesterol metabolism and cholinergic pathway impairment. In this study, in vitro cholinergic neuron models were used to investigate the interplay between ApoE epsilon 4-related cholesterol metabolism dysregulation and cholinergic system degeneration. The results showed that ApoE epsilon 4 expression led to intracellular cholesterol accumulation and reduced acetylcholine synthesis, resulting in cholinergic pathway impairment and neuronal death.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Nayan Tiwary, Miriam M. Treggiari, N. David Yanez, Jeffrey R. Kirsch, Praveen Tekkali, Cornelia C. Taylor, Katie J. Schenning
Summary: A prospective cohort study of older surgical patients found that the Mini-Cog cognitive screening tool administered on the day of surgery effectively predicted postoperative delirium in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Patients with Mini-Cog scores compatible with cognitive impairment on surgery-day had significantly higher odds of PACU delirium.
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lee E. Neilson, Joseph F. Quinn, Nora E. Gray
Summary: NRF2, a transcription factor critical in maintaining cellular redox balance, has been identified as a therapeutic target in various human diseases. PBMCs can serve as a convenient source of biomarkers to monitor NRF2 activation and disease progression in clinical trials, indicating their potential as exploratory markers for targeting NRF2 activation.
Article
Spectroscopy
Elena Ryzhikova, Nicole M. Ralbovsky, Vitali Sikirzhytski, Oleksandr Kazakov, Lenka Halamkova, Joseph Quinn, Earl A. Zimmerman, Igor K. Lednev
Summary: The current diagnostics for Alzheimer's disease relies on clinical assessments, imaging, and neuropsychological tests which are only efficient in the advanced stages of the disease. Early diagnosis of AD is crucial for preventive treatment and disease-modifying drug development. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most promising body fluid for AD diagnostic test development due to its reflective changes associated with the disease. The novel method using NIR Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning analysis shows potential for early AD detection with high sensitivity and specificity.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Brenna A. Cholerton, Kathleen L. Poston, Laurice Yang, Liana S. Rosenthal, Ted M. Dawson, Alexander Pantelyat, Karen L. Edwards, Lu Tian, Joseph F. Quinn, Kathryn A. Chung, Amie L. Hiller, Shu-Ching Hu, Thomas J. Montine, Cyrus P. Zabetian
Summary: The study found that patients diagnosed with PD show significant decline in processing speed and semantic verbal fluency, even without evident cognitive impairment or dementia. This suggests that specific cognitive domains may experience subtle decline in PD patients, emphasizing the importance of early awareness of potential cognitive impacts in PD even in the absence of mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Fabio Raman, Yu-Hua Dean Fang, Sameera Grandhi, Charles F. Murchison, Richard E. Kennedy, John C. Morris, Parinaz Massoumzadeh, Tammie Benzinger, Erik D. Roberson, Jonathan McConathy
Summary: Measuring early-frame amyloid PET can predict the presence of tau pathology, particularly in amyloid-positive individuals. Hippocampal efAP provides additional information for stratifying tau positivity and predicting tauopathy score.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Valerie C. Anderson, Ian J. Tagge, Aaron Doud, Xin Li, Charles S. Springer, Joseph F. Quinn, Jeffrey A. Kaye, Katherine Wild, William D. Rooney
Summary: Metabolic deficits at brain-fluid barriers, including reduced water efflux rate constant at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, are associated with cognitive decline in older adults. Significant associations were observed between water efflux rate constant and cognitive dysfunction, indicating a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment in later life.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Harper S. Kim, John Son, Donghwan Lee, Joy Tsai, Danny Wang, E. Sandra Chocron, Seongwoo Jeong, Pamela Kittrell, Charles F. Murchison, Richard E. Kennedy, Alejandro Tobon, Carlayne E. Jackson, Andrew M. Pickering
Summary: In patients with ALS, different subtypes (sALS and bALS) show different dysbiosis patterns. sALS patients primarily exhibit gut dysbiosis, while bALS patients primarily exhibit oral dysbiosis. For sALS patients, gut dysbiosis is associated with microbial translocation and symptom severity, while for bALS patients, oral dysbiosis is associated with microbial translocation and disease severity. Both subtypes display oral motor deficits, but only in bALS is oral dysbiosis correlated with severity of oral motor deficits.
Article
Neurosciences
Charles F. Murchison, Byron C. Jaeger, Jeff M. Szychowski, Gary R. Cutter, Erik D. Roberson, Richard E. Kennedy
Summary: This study investigates the impact of subject-specific effects on predicting cognitive decline in ADRD and finds that subject-specific effects have a profound impact on predicting ADAS-Cog. Known fitted subject effects provide the best prediction results, while imputing random effects assists in calculating average results.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathan Hwangbo, Xinyu Zhang, Daniel Raftery, Haiwei Gu, Shu-Ching Hu, Thomas J. Montine, Joseph F. Quinn, Kathryn A. Chung, Amie L. Hiller, Dongfang Wang, Qiang Fei, Lisa Bettcher, Cyrus P. Zabetian, Elaine R. Peskind, Ge Li, Daniel E. L. Promislow, Marie Y. Davis, Alexander Franks
Summary: Metabolomics has been utilized to analyze human cerebrospinal fluid samples and found strong separation between PD and AD patients and healthy controls in the metabolome. Key metabolites associated with PD and AD classification were identified, along with metabolic pathways linked to these neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Brandon M. Togioka, Katie J. Schenning
Summary: Residual neuromuscular paralysis is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications in older patients. Neostigmine and sugammadex are commonly used for reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Sugammadex provides a more rapid and complete reversal of neuromuscular blockade than neostigmine, and may have a protective effect against postoperative pulmonary complications.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Delaram Safarpour, Barbara H. Brumbach, Monica Arena, Joseph Quinn, Sarah Diamond, Jay G. Nutt, RonaldF. Pfeiffer
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether altered segmental gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) correlates with clinical response and plasma levodopa concentration (PLC) variability in patients with Parkinson's disease. The results showed no significant difference in GITT between typical and erratic responders. Additionally, Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) was positive in half of the erratic responders and negative in most typical responders.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Kevin G. Burfeind, Yalda Zarnegarnia, Praveen Tekkali, Avital Y. O'Glasser, Joseph F. Quinn, Katie J. Schenning
Summary: The study found that perioperative PIM administration was common in older surgical patients, especially in frail patients, and was associated with increased hospital length of stay, but not with discharge disposition.
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Christina L. Reynolds, Aylmer Tan, Jonathan E. Elliott, Carolyn E. Tinsley, Rachel Wall, Jeffrey A. Kaye, Lisa C. Silbert, Miranda M. Lim
Summary: Aging has a significant impact on sleep patterns, and inadequate and/or mistimed light exposure contributes to poor sleep. However, methods for long-term collection of light levels in the home are not well established. This study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of remotely deploying light sensors to assess the relationship between light exposure and sleep in older adults.
Article
Anesthesiology
Viola Neudecker, Jose F. Perez-Zoghbi, Oscar Miranda-Dominguez, Katie J. Schenning, Julian S. B. Ramirez, A. J. Mitchell, Anders Perrone, Eric Earl, Sam Carpenter, Lauren D. Martin, Kristine Coleman, Martha Neuringer, Christopher D. Kroenke, Gregory A. Dissen, Damien A. Fair, Ansgar M. Brambrink
Summary: This study suggests that early exposure to anesthesia in non-human primates can lead to alterations in cognitive, behavioral, and brain functions, particularly in the amygdala. The authors also found that resting-state functional connectivity MRI can detect changes in brain areas related to social behavior and astrogliosis.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Marijn Muurling, Wan-Tai M. Au-Yeung, Zachary Beattie, Chao-Yi Wu, Hiroko Dodge, Nathaniel K. Rodrigues, Sarah Gothard, Lisa C. Silbert, Lisa L. Barnes, Joel S. Steele, Jeffrey Kaye
Summary: This study compares the life space activity patterns of individuals living alone and couples, and assesses the behavior of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using in-home sensors. The results indicate that there are differences in in-home behavior between individuals living alone and couples, with the impact of MCI status varying based on household type.
