Review
Medicine, General & Internal
S. Sharif, P. T. Heath, S. J. Oddie, W. McGuire
Summary: The study aims to evaluate the effect of enteral supplementation with synbiotics versus placebo or no treatment, or versus probiotics or prebiotics alone on the risk of necrotising enterocolitis and associated morbidity and mortality in very preterm or very low birth weight infants.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Mangesh Deshmukh, Sanjay Patole
Summary: Probiotics have been shown to reduce the risk of various diseases in preterm infants, but many are still hesitant to adopt them due to concerns about probiotic sepsis, product quality, and optimal strain selection.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sahar Sharif, Sam J. Oddie, Paul T. Heath, William McGuire
Summary: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of enteral supplementation with prebiotic oligosaccharides on the risk of necrotising enterocolitis, and associated morbidity and mortality, in very preterm or very low birth weight infants.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isadora Beghetti, Davide Panizza, Jacopo Lenzi, Davide Gori, Silvia Martini, Luigi Corvaglia, Arianna Aceti
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis on the role of probiotics in preventing NEC in preterm infants, demonstrating that B. lactis Bb-12/B94 could reduce the risk of NEC, with a different size effect according to feeding type. Further trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Pediatrics
David B. Healy, Benjamin Campbell-Green, Vicki Livingstone, C. Anthony Ryan, R. Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton, Eugene M. Dempsey
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined outcome of death and/or severe grade necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm infants before and after the introduction of routine supplementation with Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics. The results showed a reduction in the composite outcome of severe grade NEC and/or death after the introduction of routine administration of probiotics.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre, Massimiliano Marazzato, Marta Pensa, Maria Teresa Loverro, Michele Quercia, Francesca Lombardi, Federico Schettini, Nicola Laforgia
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single administration of the SLAB51 probiotic formula in improving oxygenation in premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome. The results showed that the SLAB51-treated group had significantly increased SaO2 levels and SaO2/FiO2 ratio, while the control group showed no changes. Additionally, the study found that SLAB51 can enhance antioxidant responses in intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, SLAB51 represents a promising approach to manage preterm infants requiring oxygen supplementation.
Article
Microbiology
Allison K. Guitor, Efrah Yousuf, Amogelang R. Raphenya, Eileen K. Hutton, Katherine M. Morrison, Andrew G. McArthur, Gerard D. Wright, Jennifer C. Stearns
Summary: Probiotic supplementation reduces the prevalence and persistence of antibiotic resistance genes in preterm infants, improving the diversity of their gut microbiome.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rita C. Silveira, Andrea L. Corso, Renato S. Procianoy
Summary: This study examines the complex interplay between nutrition and neurodevelopment in premature infants, emphasizing the importance of tailored nutritional approaches to support optimal brain growth and function. Specific macro and micronutrients play a crucial role in promoting neurodevelopment. Early and aggressive nutrition, as well as the benefits of human milk, human milk oligosaccharides, and probiotics on neurodevelopment through the gut-brain axis, are explored. The findings highlight the significance of individualized nutritional approaches and comprehensive nutrient strategies in enhancing neurodevelopment in premature infants.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sahar Sharif, Paul T. Heath, Sam J. Oddie, William McGuire
Summary: Intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to the development of NEC in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Dietary supplementation with synbiotics, which can modulate the intestinal microbiome, may reduce the risk of NEC and all-cause mortality in these infants. However, the evidence is currently limited and more high-quality trials are needed to confirm these findings.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
C. P. Rath, G. Athalye-Jape, E. Nathan, D. Doherty, S. Rao, S. Patole
Summary: This study compares the outcomes of preterm infants in different epochs and finds that routine probiotic supplementation has sustained benefits in reducing necrotising enterocolitis and mortality.
Article
Pediatrics
Samuel J. Gentle, Claire Meads, Shae Ganus, Elizabeth Barnette, Kathryn Munkus, Waldemar A. Carlo, Ariel A. Salas
Summary: In preterm infants born between 25 and 32 weeks' gestation, earlier initiation of oral feedings is associated with a decreased postmenstrual age at independent oral feeding and discharge.
Article
Pediatrics
Radhika Kothari, Kate Alison Hodgson, Peter G. Davis, Marta Thio, Brett James Manley, Eoin O'Currain
Summary: This study revealed that desaturation occurs quickly after stopping positive pressure ventilation during intubation of preterm infants in the NICU. These findings are crucial for establishing clinical guidelines for neonatal intubation.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Raakel Luoto, Anna Paertty, Josef K. Vogt, Samuli Rautava, Erika Isolauri
Summary: This study investigated the composition and function of the gut microbiome in moderately and late preterm infants. Probiotic and prebiotic treatments were found to mitigate the changes in the microbiome, indicating their potential in promoting healthy gut microbiome development in preterm infants.
Article
Microbiology
Francesca Miselli, Sara Crestani, Melissa Maugeri, Erica Passini, Valentina Spaggiari, Elisa Deonette, Branislava Cosic, Katia Rossi, Maria Federica Roversi, Luca Bedetti, Licia Lugli, Riccardo Cuoghi Costantini, Alberto Berardi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of timing, in vitro activity, and appropriateness of empirical antimicrobials on the outcome of late-onset sepsis among preterm very low birth weight infants. The results showed that the timing and in vitro activity of empirical antimicrobials were similar between fatal and non-fatal cases, but the appropriateness of antimicrobials was lower in fatal cases. Appropriate antimicrobial use was significantly associated with sepsis-related mortality and brain sequelae.
Review
Pediatrics
Helena Sofia Ribeiro, Andre Assuncao, Rafael Jose Vieira, Paulo Soares, Hercilia Guimaraes, Filipa Flor-de-Lima
Summary: Platelet transfusions in preterm infants are associated with a higher risk of mortality, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations and establish a threshold for platelet transfusion with less harm. Overall, the importance of this systematic review and meta-analysis is 8 out of 10.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gayatri Athalye-Jape, Megan Nettleton, Ching-Tat Lai, Elizabeth Nathan, Donna Geddes, Karen Simmer, Sanjay Patole
Article
Pediatrics
Safiyyah Abdul Aziz, Gayatri Athalye-Jape, Sachin Agrawal, Mary Sharp
Summary: The study assessed the knowledge of clinical staff in the neonatal intensive care unit regarding preterm neurodevelopment outcomes. Most staff lacked formal training, with better scores observed in formally trained staff and didactic seminars being preferred for staff education. The study also showed staff had varying levels of knowledge on long-term outcomes, with more accuracy on severe disabilities and short-term developmental outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Purohit Gajanan, Mehkarkar Puja, Athalye-Jape Gayatri, Nathan Elizabeth, Patole Sanjay
Summary: Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially serious illness in preterm infants, with previous studies showing an association between gastric residuals (GR) and NEC. This study found that while GR volume was not associated with NEC stage II, green and haemorrhagic residuals were significantly higher 24 hours before diagnosis. Further adequately powered prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Correction
Pediatrics
Gajanan Purohit, Puja Mehkarkar, Gayatri Athalye-Jape, Elizabeth Nathan, Sanjay Patole
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Gayatri Athalye-Jape, Mei'En Lim, Elizabeth Nathan, Mary Sharp
Summary: In extremely preterm infants weighing <500 g at birth, over 50% survived after admission to intensive care. Medical morbidities were common, with over 40% of infants having moderate to severe disability at age five, and a higher rate of disability in small for gestational age infants.
EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gayatri Athalye-Jape, Meera Esvaran, Sanjay Patole, Karen Simmer, Elizabeth Nathan, Dorota Doherty, Anthony Keil, Shripada Rao, Liwei Chen, Lakshmi Chandrasekaran, Chooi Kok, Stephan Schuster, Patricia Conway
Summary: The study found that triple-strain probiotics and single-strain probiotics have similar effects on preterm infants. Both probiotics were effective in reducing dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. However, further research is needed to examine the long-term implications of increased propionate and butyrate.
BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
S. Desai, G. Athalye-Jape, S. Madhala, W. Tee, M. Sharp, E. Nathan, D. Shrestha, S. Patole
Summary: This study compares the accuracy of the Al-Abdi system and the Papile system in predicting neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely preterm infants with severe germinal matrix hemorrhage?intraventricular hemorrhage. The study finds that the Al-Abdi system is comparable to the Papile system in predicting neurodevelopmental impairment, with higher Al-Abdi scores being more specific.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Rachel Shadbolt, Michael Lee Shee We, Rolland Kohan, Michelle Porter, Gayatri Athalye-Jape, Elizabeth Nathan, Damber Shrestha, Tobias Strunk
Summary: This study aimed to characterize neonatal Staphylococcus aureus (SA) sepsis in Western Australia, examine risk factors, and compare outcomes to control infants. The incidence of SA sepsis decreased over the years, and infants with SA sepsis had longer ventilatory support duration and worse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Cheryl Anne Mackay, Mary Isabel O'Dea, Gayatri Athalye-Jape
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Cheryl A. Mackay, Disna Abeysuriya, Jan E. Dickinson, Stephen Shipton, Gayatri Athalye-Jape
JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Harshad Panchal, Gayatri Athalye-Jape, Shripada Rao, Sanjay Patole
Summary: Probiotic supplementation has a positive effect on short-term weight gain in preterm infants, but does not significantly impact length, head circumference, long-term growth, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Further adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed for more research in this area.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
C. P. Rath, G. Athalye-Jape, E. Nathan, D. Doherty, S. Rao, S. Patole
Summary: This study compares the outcomes of preterm infants in different epochs and finds that routine probiotic supplementation has sustained benefits in reducing necrotising enterocolitis and mortality.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ju Li Ang, Gayatri Athalye-Jape, Shripada Rao, Max Bulsara, Sanjay Patole
Summary: This study aimed to update and evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), late-onset sepsis (LOS), and time to full feeds (TFF) in preterm infants. The results showed that LR DSM 17938 may reduce the incidence of NEC and LOS in preterm infants, and shorten TFF. However, the existing evidence was of very low certainty and further research is needed to confirm these findings.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Chandra Rath, Gayatri Athalye-Jape, Shripada Rao, Sanjay Patole
Summary: Probiotics may have benefits for preterm infants, but the optimal dose is still debated. Current research suggests that higher doses might lead to better gut colonization, but further studies are needed to confirm this.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Melanie Yeoh, Gayatri Athalye-Jape
Summary: Congenital knee dislocation is a rare condition with treatment options depending on the severity of the deformity. The case presented in the article involved serial casting treatment for an isolated Grade II dislocation, resulting in a good outcome with full range of motion and independent mobility at 2-year follow-up.
