Holistic recommendations for future outdoor thermal comfort assessment in tropical Southeast Asia: A critical appraisal

Global climate change, rapid urbanization and population explosion in major cities of Southeast Asia (SEA) are negatively impacting the well-being and liveability of the public in terms of deteriorating outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) levels. However, the available scholarly studies on OTC in the tropical region are insufficient. There is great potential for OTC studies to be used as indicators to measure the sustainable liveability of contemporary cities. As such, there is an immense need for more studies to be conducted in the tropical regions. However, the assessment approaches undertaken in the last decades clearly indicate that there is a need for improvisation. By considering this, this paper provides an overview of published studies that evaluated thermal comfort conditions in the outdoor setting in the tropical context of SEA. Methodological discrepancies and shortcomings are highlighted and discussed to propose a holistic approach for future OTC studies in SEA. The implementation of the proposed holistic approach in the upcoming studies will be beneficial for the improved reliability and integration of findings from studies conducted in various outdoor settings and localities within SEA.