Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marcello Gori, Vito Rubino, Ares J. Rosakis, Nadia Lapusta
Summary: This study reveals that fast fluid injection rates lead to dynamic ruptures at lower pressure levels and smaller spatial scales, while slow injection rates result in gradual nucleation processes consistent with accelerating slow slip behaviors. The presence of fluids influences friction properties and pore-pressure increase rate needs to be considered in nucleation processes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yicun Guo, Jiancang Zhuang, Huai Zhang
Summary: This study uses a statistical model to detect earthquake swarm sequences that may be related to slow slip events (SSEs) in the Nankai subduction zone. The detected swarms are mostly located in the western part, complementing the distribution of SSEs in the region.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
S. Marty, A. Schubnel, H. S. Bhat, J. Aubry, E. Fukuyama, S. Latour, S. Nielsen, R. Madariaga
Summary: In this study, the precursory acoustic emission (AE) activity during the nucleation of stick-slip instability is used to investigate foreshock occurrence prior to natural earthquakes. The results of three stick-slip experiments on Indian metagabbro samples show that AE activity increases towards failure and is driven by fault slip velocity. The AE foreshock sequences follow an inverse Omori type law, and the magnitude of AEs increases towards failure.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Hugues Raimbourg, Kristijan Rajic, Benjamin Moris-Muttoni, Vincent Famin, Giulia Palazzin, Donald Fisher, Kristin Morell, Saskia Erdmann, Ida Di Carlo, Clement Montmartin
Summary: The study compared quartz veins formed at different temperatures in subduction zones, revealing distinct differences in the characteristics such as quartz crystal shapes, luminescence, and trace element concentrations. These differences may reflect the influence of fluid pressure variations on crystal growth rates.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kristina K. Okamoto, Heather M. Savage, Elizabeth S. Cochran, Katie M. Keranen
Summary: The interaction between aseismic and seismic slip is crucial for understanding earthquake processes. However, detecting aseismic slip locations and timing has been challenging. By studying repeating earthquakes in the 2011 Prague earthquake sequence, it was found that aseismic slip mainly occurs at fault intersections, which also coincide with mainshock slip, aftershocks, and afterslip.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Davide Zaccagnino, Luciano Telesca, Carlo Doglioni
Summary: Assessing the stability state of fault interfaces is crucial for understanding earthquake mechanisms and evaluating seismic hazards. This paper investigates the relationship between tremors and regular earthquakes in response to stress perturbations, such as earth tides and large earthquakes. The study suggests that tremors become more sensitive to earth tide perturbations when fault interfaces are seismically locked, showing a similar response to regular earthquakes.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wenyuan Fan, Andrew J. Barbour, Jeffrey J. McGuire, Yihe Huang, Guoqing Lin, Elizabeth S. Cochran, Ryo Okuwaki
Summary: Megathrust earthquakes and associated tsunamis are among the most severe natural disasters. Different slip behaviors, including slow earthquakes, can occur at subduction zones. Very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) are particularly enigmatic and difficult to detect reliably. This study reveals the existence of VLFEs in the Cascadia region, which may have implications for seismic hazard assessment in coastal communities.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yinlin Ji, Hannes Hofmann, Ernest H. Rutter, Arno Zang
Summary: The influence of elevated temperature on injection-induced fault slip was studied through laboratory experiments. Results showed that elevated temperature promotes a more uniform fluid pressure distribution on the fault surface by reducing water viscosity, and higher temperature requires a larger perturbation force from injected fluid to reactivate the fault, resulting in a faster fault slip rate.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
K. Z. Nanjo, Y. Yukutake, T. Kumazawa
Summary: The relation between earthquakes and volcanic eruptions has been widely discussed. Recent research suggests that the Shizuoka earthquake triggered volcanic activity in Mount Fuji, implying that the volcano may be sensitive to external events that can cause eruptions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
J. Araya Vargas, J. Sanhueza, G. Yanez
Summary: The study examines the distribution of active volcanoes and seismicity in the subduction zone in the Central Andes using a 3-D thermomechanical model. It reveals segmented distribution of volcanic and seismogenic zones along the trench-parallel direction, and highlights the role of temperature and mantle flow in controlling their clustering.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Qingjun Meng, Sidao Ni, Zhigang Peng
Summary: In this study, the rupture processes of four M4-5 earthquakes in the 2015-2016 Cushing sequence were investigated using finite fault model inversions. The study found that the rupture processes of these earthquakes were complex, with multiple subevents and different rupture directivities. The majority of slip for the M5 earthquake in 2016 occurred a few kilometers away in the northeast direction from where three M4+ events initiated, indicating small-scale heterogeneity in controlling seismicity.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
L. Sabbeth, S. E. Smrekar, J. M. Stock
Summary: Venus' young surface age suggests significant geologic activity and evidence points to current volcanism. Wrinkle ridges are a common fault type that may have formed recently, but there is no direct data on current tectonism. Using fault lengths and segmentation, seismicity is estimated for these ridges, with conservative estimates predicting seismic activity higher than on Mars but significantly lower than on Earth. In addition to wrinkle ridges, Venus has other sources of seismicity like volcanoes and other faults.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
F. Ciardo, A. P. Rinaldi
Summary: This study investigates the impact of increasing injection rates on the slip behavior of underground faults. The results reveal that lower injection rates delay slip generation, while higher injection rates activate dynamic rupture. Additionally, the increasing injection rates affect the nucleation time and arrest distance of slip.
GEOMECHANICS AND GEOPHYSICS FOR GEO-ENERGY AND GEO-RESOURCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zheng Han, Guotong Ren, Rami M. Younis
Summary: A physical understanding of the transition from flow-driven poromechanical deformation to dynamic fault rupture is critical for the resilient operations of engineering systems. Novel automatic time step size control methods are developed to accurately and efficiently simulate these dynamics and transitions. The method has the potential to predict induced seismicity in realistic engineering systems.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Leoncio Cabrera, Piero Poli, William B. Frank
Summary: This study investigates the precursory phase of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake in Italy by analyzing seismic catalogs. The research reveals the presence of different seismic and aseismic processes and their interactions prior to the earthquake.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Christian Engstrom, Stefano Giani, Luka Grubisic
Summary: This paper compares two approaches to numerically approximate the solution of second-order Gurtin-Pipkin type of integro-differential equations. The approach based on spectral projections is shown to be very efficient when computing several time points, especially for parameter-dependent problems.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Li-Wei Kuo, Chien-Cheng Hung, Haibing Li, Stefano Aretusini, Jianye Chen, Giulio Di Toro, Elena Spagnuolo, Fabio Di Felice, Huan Wang, Jialiang Si, Hwo-Shuenn Sheu
Summary: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused surface ruptures along the Longmenshan fault belt, with the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault and the Guanxian-Anxian faults being the most affected. Frictional experiments were conducted on the gouge materials from the Guanxian-Anxian faults, revealing that wet gouges have lower friction coefficients compared to those under room humidity conditions. Additionally, the gouges exhibited enhanced velocity-strengthening behavior at intermediate velocities, indicating a potential barrier to slip acceleration during fault propagation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Victoria Miles, Stefano Giani, Oliver Vogt
Summary: This paper presents a novel recursive encoder network for automatic analysis of STEP files, achieving high accuracy and comparable training time to existing solutions.
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
C. Cornelio, E. Spagnuolo, S. Aretusini, S. Nielsen, F. Passelegue, M. Violay, M. Cocco, G. Di Toro
Summary: During seismic slip, natural faults experience a sudden decrease in shear stress.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Thomas Wiltshire, Robert E. Bird, William M. Coombs, Stefano Giani
Summary: Open source codes are crucial for enhancing research integrity and accountability in computational science and engineering. However, many existing open source codes lack consideration for the ease of modifying the base code. This paper presents an open source finite element code written in MATLAB, which is designed to facilitate user understanding and implementation of new ideas within the core code.
ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE
(2022)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Massimo Cocco, Stefano Aretusini, Chiara Cornelio, Stefan B. Nielsen, Elena Spagnuolo, Elisa Tinti, Giulio Di Toro
Summary: Large seismogenic faults have fault cores surrounded by damage zones. Earthquakes are caused by rupture propagation and slip within fault cores, dissipating elastic strain energy. Understanding energy partitioning is crucial for explaining fault dynamic weakening and rupture processes. Fracture energy from various studies is reviewed, showing that fracture energy scales with fault slip. Material-dependent fracture energies are important at the microscale but negligible at the macroscale on natural faults.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
E. M. Conrad, N. Tisato, B. M. Carpenter, G. Di Toro
Summary: This study investigates the effects of frictional melt formation on the coseismic and interseismic strength of faults using a new energy-controlled rotary shear machine. The experiments reveal that the presence of melts modulates different stages of earthquakes and faulting. Monitoring acoustic emissions and vibrational waves during slip events can provide valuable insights into the underlying physical processes and help improve our understanding of earthquakes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Francesco Lazari, Angela Castagna, Stefan Nielsen, Ashley Griffith, Giorgio Pennacchioni, Rodrigo Gomila, Phil Resor, Chiara Cornelio, Giulio Di Toro
Summary: The frictional power per unit area Q played a crucial role in controlling earthquake rupture nucleation, propagation, and arrest. However, determining Q using geophysical methods is challenging. In this study, we estimated Q dissipated on a fault patch exhumed from 7-9 km depth by combining theoretical models, experimental data, and geological constraints. Our findings suggest that the grain-scale roughness of the boundary between frictional melt and host rock decreases with increasing Q. The estimated Q values range from 4-60 MW m-2, which are at the lower end of previous estimates.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geology
H. Wang, H. B. Li, G. Di Toro, L. -w. Kuo, E. Spagnuolo, S. Aretusini, J. L. Si, S. -r. Song
Summary: Frictional melting occurred at shallow depths during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, instead of thermal pressurization. Rock friction experiments showed that fluid-rich fault gouges can generate pseudotachylytes under conditions expected for seismic slip. This suggests that seismic slip can be accommodated by multiple faults during large earthquakes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lu Yao, Shengli Ma, Giulio Di Toro
Summary: This paper presents experimental evidence of thermal pressurization (TP) weakening of seismic faults and suggests that TP processes could be significantly promoted by wear-induced sealing during earthquakes, even for relatively permeable faults.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
S. Marty, A. Schubnel, H. S. Bhat, J. Aubry, E. Fukuyama, S. Latour, S. Nielsen, R. Madariaga
Summary: In this study, the precursory acoustic emission (AE) activity during the nucleation of stick-slip instability is used to investigate foreshock occurrence prior to natural earthquakes. The results of three stick-slip experiments on Indian metagabbro samples show that AE activity increases towards failure and is driven by fault slip velocity. The AE foreshock sequences follow an inverse Omori type law, and the magnitude of AEs increases towards failure.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Stefano Giani, Christian Engstroem, Luka Grubisic
Summary: In this paper, we propose an adaptive spectral projection based finite element method to approximate the solution of the wave equation with memory. The adaptivity is not only applied to the mesh, but also to the size of the computed spectrum. The approach has been shown to be efficient and accurate.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Emilie Stone, Stefano Giani, Donatella Zappala, Christopher Crabtree
Summary: This paper presents a scalable and lightweight CNN framework using high-dimensional raw condition monitoring data for automatic detection of multiple wind turbine electromechanical faults. The proposed approach combines information from various signals to learn features and discriminate fault types and severity. Experimental results demonstrate high performance and classification accuracies above 99.9% for all fault cases tested.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei Feng, Lu Yao, Chiara Cornelio, Rodrigo Gomila, Shengli Ma, Chaoqun Yang, Luigi Germinario, Claudio Mazzoli, Giulio Di Toro
Summary: Earthquakes often occur along faults where there is hot and pressurized water. Experimental studies show that the physical state of water (liquid, vapor, or supercritical) has an impact on the frictional resistance of faults. In this study, friction in gabbro faults with water in different states (vapor, liquid, and supercritical) was examined, and it was found that the friction behavior differs depending on the state of the water. The findings suggest that the formation of weak minerals, chemical bonding properties of water, and hydrodynamic lubrication could explain the weakening behavior of faults.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)