Article
Oncology
Yuan Wan, Yi-Qiu Xia, Si-Yang Zheng
Summary: We speculate that ruptured circulating tumor cells in capillaries can release a large quantity of small extracellular vesicle-like vesicles called mechanically extruded sEV (sEV(me)), which are capable of encapsulating chromosomal DNA fragments. These sEV(me) share similar physicochemical properties with small extracellular vesicles spontaneously secreted by living cells (sEV(ss)), making it difficult to effectively differentiate between them based on size or membrane protein markers. Additionally, sEV(me) derived from CTC carry oncogenic payloads and can deliver cargo to recipient cells through the bloodstream, potentially promoting cancer metastasis. If validated, this speculation could enhance our understanding of extracellular vesicle biogenesis and cancer pathology, as well as provide a theoretical foundation for liquid biopsy utilizing DNA fragments from harvested sEV.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pawan Kumar Raghav, Zoya Mann
Summary: Cancer stem cells play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and present challenges for treatment. Despite multiple treatment options available, the lack of specificity and dose limitation hinders complete efficacy in controlling CSCs.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ghader Babaei, Mehdi Asghari Vostakolaei, Masoumeh Rajabi Bazl, Shiva Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz, Elham Gholipour, Kazem Nejati-Koshki
Summary: Exosomes play fundamental roles in cell-cell communications and are associated with cancer metastasis by modulating EMT and CSCs.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Qun Liu, Youkun Bi, Shaole Song, Keqi Zhu, Xinlong Qiao, Huiwen Wang, Guangju Ji
Summary: This study found that administration of human embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes can significantly alleviate pulmonary fibrosis and regulate inflammation and fibrosis through the miR-17-5p/Thbs2 axis. These findings provide new hope for the treatment of fibrosis-associated diseases.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yawen Yu, Wenting Li, Tinghui Xian, Mei Tu, Hao Wu, Jiaqing Zhang
Summary: Recent studies have found that the NLRP3 inflammasome is highly activated during intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and contributes to the exacerbation of this pathological process. Exosomes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs-exo) have shown promising therapeutic potential for degenerative diseases. This study demonstrates that hESCs-exo can alleviate IVDD by downregulating NLRP3 and reducing nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis. miR-302c, a specific RNA molecule in embryonic stem cells, was identified as a key regulator of NLRP3 and its overexpression in cells confirmed its inhibitory effect on NLRP3 and pyroptosis. In vivo experiments in a rat IVDD model confirmed these findings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Edward J. Calabrese
Summary: This paper provides a thorough assessment of hormetic dose responses in embryonic stem cells, suggesting that this response may serve as a fundamental and highly conserved evolutionary strategy.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manuela Zavatti, Martina Gatti, Francesca Beretti, Carla Palumbo, Tullia Maraldi
Summary: This study found that exosomes derived from human amniotic fluid stem cells can alleviate inflammatory injury caused by microglia and significantly recover neurotoxicity. This suggests that hAFSC-exo may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammation-related neurological conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Yuanming Jing, Wenqing Liang, Lin Zhang, Junjun Tang, Zongliang Huang
Summary: Cancer stem cells modify their microenvironment by recruiting and activating specific cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The interaction between cancer cells and MSCs induces a cancer stem cell phenotype.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahdi Ahmadi, Monireh Mahmoodi, Maryam Shoaran, Fereshteh Nazari-Khanamiri, Jafar Rezaie
Summary: New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed for combating metastatic cancers, which cause over 8 million deaths per year worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential as a novel treatment option for cancer, with their exosomes playing a crucial role in regulating tumor progression. However, there is still controversy surrounding the exact association between MSC-derived exosomes and tumors. Nevertheless, the use of MSC-derived exosomes as drug delivery systems and standalone therapeutics is actively being explored, and engineering these exosomes to target tumor cells shows promise in improving the efficacy of antitumor therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Davis W. Crews, Jenna A. Dombroski, Michael R. King
Summary: Prophylactic cancer vaccines have the potential to reduce cancer prevalence by initiating a specific immune response. Different components and delivery methods are being explored to improve the effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing or delaying tumor development.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
K. Yasodha, L. Lizha Mary, Pathak Surajit, R. Satish
Summary: The exchange of biological material between cells is essential for homeostasis, but can also play a role in cancer progression. This study aims to understand the effect of cancer cell-derived exosomes on primary colon cancer cells and their expression of cancer stem cell markers. The findings suggest that treatment with metastatic exosomes increases the proliferation, migration, and invasion of primary colon cancer cells, potentially contributing to metastasis.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
You Zhou, Yuqing Dong, Aixue Zhang, Jibin Wu, Qiang Sun
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted exosomes have been found to play an important role in the initiation and development of tumors. Nanobiotechnology and bioengineering technology have been utilized to detect and modify exosomes for cancer diagnosis and treatment. These modified exosomes can carry drugs, proteins, and RNAs to cancer cells, exhibiting unique properties such as targeting ability, low immunogenicity, flexibility in modification, and high biological barrier permeability.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yuxiang Zhang, Wei Ju, Hong Zhang, Liu Mengyun, Weiliang Shen, Xiao Chen
Summary: Tendinopathy is a disease caused by the degeneration of tendon tissue, and currently, there is no treatment available to prevent or delay its progression. Recent research suggests that MSCs-derived exosomes (MSCs-exos) may be useful for promoting tendon healing and could be considered as a potential treatment for tendinopathy.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Retraction
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Zhanjun Ma, Xue Cui, Li Lu, Guohu Chen, Yang Yang, Yan Hu, Yubao Lu, Zhangqi Cao, Yan Wang, Xuexi Wang
Summary: The article has been retracted. More details can be found in the Retraction Notice at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-019-1149-5.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hasaan Hayat, Hanaan Hayat, Bennett Francis Dwan, Mithil Gudi, Jack Owen Bishop, Ping Wang
Summary: This review highlights the important role of CSCs in altering the cellular microenvironment to favor cancer progression, as well as the development of novel interventions targeting CSCs for cancer therapy.
ONCOTARGETS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuhan Meng, Aaron G. Whitt, Allison Tu, John W. Eaton, Chi Li, Kavitha Yaddanapudi
Summary: Embryonic stem cells release exosomes that play a crucial role in intercellular communication, while the presence of GM-CSF may enhance their immune-regulatory function. Research indicates that significant amounts of GM-CSF are found in exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles, which might function as cell-free vesicles exerting immune-regulatory activities.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Abhijit Nadkarni, Allison Tu, Ankur Garg, Devika Gupta, Sonal Gupta, Urvita Bhatia, Niharika Tiwari, Anna Heath, Karen Wen, Godwin Fernandes, Richard Velleman
Summary: This review examines the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of alcohol use among adolescents in India. The findings indicate that the prevalence of lifetime alcohol consumption ranges from 3.9% to 69.8%, while the prevalence of alcohol use in the past year ranges from 10.6% to 32.9%. The average age of initiation of drinking ranges from 14.4 to 18.3 years. Correlates of alcohol use include gender, age, academic difficulties, parental use of alcohol or tobacco, and perpetuation of violence.
GLOBAL MENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuhan Meng, Aaron G. Whitt, Numan Al Rayyan, Jamaal Richie, Allison Tu, John W. Eaton, Kavitha Yaddanapudi, Chi Li