Journal
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01581
Keywords
serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1; Th17 cells; Treg cells; target organ damage; angiotensin II
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81100184, 81230071, 81570221, 91539202, 81200203, 81300089]
- Shanghai Nature Science Foundation [17ZR1423700]
- Pujiang Program of the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee [14PJ1406400]
- Shanghai Medical Bureau Fund [201540037]
- Scientific Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine [14XJ10042]
- Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of the State Education Ministry
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It has been demonstrated that serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) and the downstream transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) plays a critical role in the differentiation of T helper 17 cells/regulatory T cells (Th17/Treg). In the present study, we hypothesized that this SGK1-FoxO1 signaling pathway is involved in Th17/Treg imbalance and target organ damage in angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertensive mice. Results show that SGK1 inhibitor EMD638683 significantly reversed renal dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction in echocardiography as indicated by decreased blood urine nitrogen and serum creatinine in AngII-infused mice. Flow cytometric assay shows that there was significant Th17/Treg imbalance in spleen and in renal/cardiac infiltrating lymphocytes as indicated by the increased Th17 cells (CD4(+)-IL17A(+) cells) and decreased Treg cells (CD4(+)-Foxp3(+)). Consistently, real-time PCR shows that Th17-related cytokines including IL-17A, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was increased and Treg-related cytokine IL-10 was decreased in renal and cardiac infiltrating lymphocytes in AngII-infused mice. Meanwhile, SGK1 protein level, as well as its phosphorylation and activity, was significantly increased in spleen in AngII-infused rats. Furthermore, it was found that splenic phosphorylated FoxO1 was significantly increased, whereas total FoxO1 in nuclear preparation was significantly decreased in AngII-infused mice, suggesting that increased FoxO1 phosphorylation initiate its translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus. Notably, all changes were significantly inhibited by the treatment of EMD638683. These results suggest that SGK1 was involved in Th17/Treg imbalance and target organ damage in AngII-induced hypertension.
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