Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hanna H. Schalkwijk, Robert Snoeck, Graciela Andrei
Summary: Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, and the nucleoside analogue acyclovir has greatly improved the management of HSV infections. However, acyclovir resistant strains have been reported, especially in immunocompromised patients. This review discusses the prevalence of acyclovir resistance in HSV infections and alternative antiviral treatments.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Maryam Zangi, Katherine A. Donald, Andreu Gazquez Casals, Abaigeal D. Franson, Alice J. Yu, Elise M. Marker, Molly E. Woodson, Scott D. Campbell, M. Abdul Mottaleb, Tanguturi Venkata Narayana Hajay Kumar, Makala Shakar Reddy, Lingala Vijaya Raghava Reddy, Subir Kumar Sadhukhan, David W. Griggs, Lynda A. Morrison, Marvin J. Meyers
Summary: The derivative compounds of ciclopirox olamine effectively inhibit replication of HSV-2 with low cytotoxicity, indicating their strong therapeutic potential. Structural comparison confirms the importance of hydrophobic groups in the efficacy of ciclopirox and its derivatives.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anita Toscani, Rossana Denaro, Sergio Fernando Castillo Pacheco, Matteo Biolatti, Silvia Anselmi, Valentina Dell'Oste, Daniele Castagnolo
Summary: A series of amidinourea compounds have been synthesized as potential non-nucleoside anti-HSV agents, showing micromolar activity against HSV-1 with low cytotoxicity. These compounds act in an early stage of the HSV replication cycle, just after viral attachment and entry.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Catielen Paula Pavi, Isabella Dai Pra, Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro, Isamu Kanzaki, Jhuly Wellen Ferreira Lacerda, Louis Pergaud Sandjo, Roberto Messias Bezerra, Jorge Federico Orellana Segovia, Gislaine Fongaro, Izabella Thais Silva
Summary: This study evaluated the activity of seventeen extracts derived from eight Amazonian medicinal plants against herpes simplex virus and chikungunya virus. Four extracts exhibited significant activity against both viruses, including the drug-resistant strains. Virucidal tests showed a higher level of virucidal activity compared to antiviral activity.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Divya Sharma, Supriya Sharma, Natasha Akojwar, Ayusha Dondulkar, Nikhil Yenorkar, Deepti Pandita, Satyendra K. K. Prasad, Mahaveer Dhobi
Summary: This review summarizes the history, life cycle, current treatment methods, and limitations of two herpes viruses. It also discusses vaccine strategies and nanotechnological approaches for oral and genital herpes infections. The article provides insight for researchers and the healthcare sector on challenges and upcoming solutions in the treatment and vaccine development against HSV infections.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Bisant A. Labib, DeGaulle Chigbu
Summary: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is a leading cause of blindness worldwide and affects a large population. Although there are currently no vaccines available, treatment options such as antiviral drugs and steroids can help manage the disease. However, these treatments do not eliminate the virus and are ineffective against recurrent infections, highlighting the need for further research on alternative therapies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jose Louzinho Lopes, Vinicius Seiki Takemura Quinteiro, Jessica Wouk, Maria Laura Darido, Robert F. H. Dekker, Aneli M. Barbosa-Dekker, Vaclav Vetvicka, Mario A. A. Cunha, Ligia Carla Faccin-Galhardi, Alexandre Orsato
Summary: By introducing carboxyl and sulfonate groups into β-D-glucan, researchers attempted to improve its antiviral activity against enveloped viruses. The results showed that sulfonated-carboxymethylated derivatives could inhibit herpes virus, while their inhibition of dengue virus was weaker, indicating varying resistance of different viruses to anionic β-D-glucans. Comparing with a previous study, the presence of carboxymethyl groups might have a negative impact on antiviral activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Charles-Edouard Luyt, David Hajage, Sonia Burrel, Sami Hraiech, Mamadou Hassimiou Diallo, Laurent Papazian, David Boutolleau
Summary: This analysis investigated the efficacy of acyclovir in preventing oropharyngeal HSV reactivation among mechanically ventilated patients.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pradeep Chopra, Tejabhiram Yadavalli, Francesco Palmieri, Seino A. K. Jongkees, Luca Unione, Deepak Shukla, Geert-Jan Boons
Summary: Inhibition of human heparanase (Hpse) has been found to be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing the spread of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). The synthesis of hexa- and octasaccharide inhibitors of Hpse showed potent enzyme inhibition and the presence of 2-O-sulfation on iduronic acid was tolerated. These inhibitors not only blocked viral-induced shedding of cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS) but also inhibited cell migration and proliferation in corneal epithelial cells infected with HSV-1.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Virology
Heather L. Glasgow, Haiying Zhu, Hong Xie, Elizabeth J. Kenkel, Carrie Lee, Meei-Li Huang, Alexander L. Greninger
Summary: Antiviral resistance in human herpes simplex viruses (HSV) remains a clinical challenge. Current methods for HSV resistance testing rely on viral culture and take weeks for results. This study evaluated the performance of genotypic antiviral resistance testing using whole genome sequencing and found that combining genotypic and phenotypic testing can accurately diagnose HSV resistance and likely provide faster results.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yiwei Huang, Yuyun Song, Jichen Li, Changning Lv, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Zhijun Liu
Summary: Human herpes simplex viruses use cell surface receptors such as heparan sulfate, herpesvirus entry mediator, and nectin-1/-2, 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate to enter host cells. No vaccine or curative treatment is currently available for HSV infections.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Review
Dermatology
Shinichi Imafuku
Summary: Herpes simplex is a common infection caused by the herpes simplex virus, which is transmitted through contact of the skin/mucous membrane and establishes latency in the sensory ganglia. It occasionally reactivates and forms blisters around the lips or genitalia. Diagnosis of typical herpes simplex is not difficult, but definitive tests are limited. Safe and effective oral antiviral drugs are available for treatment, and a new patient-initiated therapy method has been introduced in Japan.
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Bangxing Hong, Upasana Sahu, Matthew P. Mullarkey, Balveen Kaur
Summary: Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) shows promise as a treatment for solid tumors, but there are still barriers that limit its efficacy. This review focuses on the essential viral genes that allow for virus replication and spread, with the aim of enhancing oHSV infection and replication among tumor cells.
Article
Microbiology
Ye Liu, Qiao You, Fang Zhang, Deyan Chen, Zhenping Huang, Zhiwei Wu
Summary: Harringtonine (HT) significantly inhibited HSV-1 infection and two ACV-resistant strains by mainly targeting HVEM and reducing the early stage of HSV-1 infection. The study demonstrated that HT could be a promising therapeutic candidate for mitigating HSV-1-induced pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Kai Hao, Sheng Yuan, Fei Yu, Xiao Hui Chen, Wen Ji Bian, Yong Hui Feng, Zhe Zhao
Summary: Acyclovir effectively inhibits viral gene expression, suppresses viral replication, and blocks cytopathic effects and apoptosis induced by CCV in CCO cells. The antiviral activity of acyclovir is not achieved by promoting the expression of immune-related genes, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent against CCV.
Article
Immunology
Susan M. Bueno, Katia Abarca, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Nicolas M. S. Galvez, Jorge A. Soto, Luisa F. Duarte, Barbara M. Schultz, Gaspar A. Pacheco, Liliana A. Gonzalez, Yaneisi Vazquez, Mariana Rios, Felipe Melo-Gonzalez, Daniela Rivera-Perez, Carolina Iturriaga, Marcela Urzua, Angelica Dominguez, Catalina A. Andrade, Roslye Berrios-Rojas, Gisela Canedo-Marroquin, Camila Covian, Daniela Moreno-Tapia, Farides Saavedra, Omar P. Vallejos, Paulina Donato, Pilar Espinoza, Daniela Fuentes, Marcela Gonzalez, Paula Guzman, Paula Munoz Venturelli, Carlos M. Perez, Marcela Potin, Alvaro Rojas, Rodrigo A. Fasce, Jorge Fernandez, Judith Mora, Eugenio Ramirez, Aracelly Gaete-Argel, Aaron Oyarzun-Arrau, Fernando Valiente-Echeverria, Ricardo Soto-Rifo, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Gang Zeng, Weining Meng, Jose Gonzalez-Aramundiz, Alexis M. Kalergis
Summary: Vaccination with CoronaVac in Chilean adults aged >= 18 years is safe and induces immune responses, including antibody production and T cell activation. The vaccine demonstrates the generation of neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses in both the 18-59 and >= 60 age groups.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alejandro Pina-Iturbe, Guillermo Hoppe-Elsholz, Paulina A. Fernandez, Carlos A. Santiviago, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Susan M. Bueno
Summary: This study aims to gain a better understanding of the factors involved in the excision of genomic islands. By studying the pathogenicity island ROD21 in Salmonella, a conserved gene SEN1998 related to excision was identified, providing insights into the mechanism of ROD21 excision.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Eduardo I. Tognarelli, Angello Retamal-Diaz, Monica A. Farias, Luisa F. Duarte, Tomas F. Palomino, Francisco J. Ibanez, Claudia A. Riedel, Alexis M. Kalergis, Susan M. Bueno, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) cause lifelong infections in humans and can result in mild or severe clinical manifestations. These viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade the host's immune system, including inhibiting the function of dendritic cells (DCs) and inducing their apoptosis. In this study, researchers found that inhibiting a signaling pathway called IRE-1 alpha improved the function of DCs infected with HSV-1 or HSV-2, suggesting that targeting this pathway may enhance immune responses to HSV infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonia Reyes, Areli J. Navarro, Benjamin Diethelm-Varela, Alexis M. Kalergis, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: Cells adapt to heat stress through the heat shock response regulated by heat shock factors (HSFs). HSF1, as the master regulator, activates the transcription of genes encoding molecular chaperones to counteract cellular damage. HSF1 has been linked to viral infections, as fever during infection may activate HSF1 and initiate a heat shock response. Understanding the role of HSF1 in viral infections could lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Article
Immunology
Jorge A. Soto, Fabian E. Diaz, Angello Retamal-Diaz, Nicolas M. S. Galvez, Felipe Melo-Gonzalez, Alejandro Pina-Iturbe, Mario A. Ramirez, Karen Bohmwald, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis
Summary: The BCG vaccine has the potential to be used as a platform for developing vaccines against different pathogens, inducing a marked antigen-specific immune response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valentina P. Sebastian, Daniela Moreno-Tapia, Felipe Melo-Gonzalez, Maria P. Hernandez-Caceres, Geraldyne A. Salazar, Catalina Pardo-Roa, Monica A. Farias, Omar P. Vallejos, Barbara M. Schultz, Eugenia Morselli, Manuel M. Alvarez-Lobos, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Alexis M. Kalergis, Susan M. Bueno
Summary: This study evaluated the role of Hmox1 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection and found that administering the Hmox1 activity inducer CoPP reduced bacterial burden, while the inhibitor SnPP was ineffective. Furthermore, CoPP showed the ability to inhibit persistent infection in both in vitro and in vivo models, while SnPP was ineffective. These results suggest that CoPP can enhance antimicrobial activity in response to Salmonella infection.
Review
Immunology
Luisa F. Duarte, Sebastian Gatica, Almendra Castillo, Alexis M. Kalergis, Susan M. Bueno, Claudia A. Riedel, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: Numerous studies have linked the onset and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) with viral infections. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which is neurotropic and commonly found in the brains of healthy individuals, has been suggested to be associated with MS. This review discusses the reported connections between HSV-1 and MS.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Monica A. Farias, Benjamin Diethelm-Varela, Alexis M. Kalergis, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: Lipids play crucial roles in the cell as membrane components, signaling molecules, and energy storage sources. Lipid droplets, composed of neutral lipids such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters, are not only cellular energy reserves but also involved in regulating oxidative stress, cellular lipotoxicity, and modulating pathogen infection through immune regulation. Lipid metabolism and lipid droplets play important roles in the replication cycle of RNA viruses, and understanding these processes may reveal new targets for antiviral drugs.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Yolanda Prado, Lorena Perez, Felipe Eltit, Cesar Echeverria, Felipe M. Llancalahuen, Pablo Tapia, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Alexis M. Kalergis, Claudio Cabello-Verrugio, Felipe Simon
Summary: Severe systemic inflammation can lead to oxidative stress, promoting the conversion of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to oxidized HDL (oxHDL), which interacts with vascular endothelial cells (ECs). OxHDL can acquire procoagulant features and modulate coagulation, which has been linked with organ failure in ICU patients. However, the exact role and underlying molecular mechanism of oxHDL in generating a procoagulant phenotype and causing organ failure and death are still unknown.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Constanza Mendez, Hernan F. Penaloza, Barbara M. Schultz, Alejandro Pina-Iturbe, Mariana Rios, Daniela Moreno-Tapia, Patricia Pereira-Sanchez, Diane Leighton, Claudia Orellana, Consuelo Covarrubias, Nicolas M. S. Galvez, Jorge A. Soto, Luisa F. Duarte, Daniela Rivera-Perez, Yaneisi Vazquez, Alex Cabrera, Sergio Bustos, Carolina Iturriaga, Marcela Urzua, Maria S. Navarrete, Alvaro Rojas, Rodrigo A. Fasce, Jorge Fernandez, Judith Mora, Eugenio Ramirez, Aracelly Gaete-Argel, Monica Acevedo, Fernando Valiente-Echeverria, Ricardo Soto-Rifo, Daniela Weiskopf, Alba Grifoni, Alessandro Sette, Gang Zeng, Weining Meng, Jose V. Gonzalez-Aramundiz, Pablo A. Gonzalez, Katia Abarca, Felipe Melo-Gonzalez, Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis
Summary: In a phase-3 clinical trial, researchers evaluated the effects of a second booster of CoronaVac (R) administered 6 months after the first booster. They found that the neutralization of the Omicron variant was poor compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, but there was a robust CD4+T cell response that may provide protection against the Omicron variant.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eduardo I. Tognarelli, Luisa F. Duarte, Monica A. Farias, Felipe A. Cancino, Nicolas Corrales, Francisco J. Ibanez, Claudia A. Riedel, Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: Stimulating HO-1 expression in HSV-infected dendritic cells can promote cell viability and inhibit viral egress. It also promotes the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules and activation of virus-specific CD4(+) T cells. Transferring HSV-infected dendritic cells with induced HO-1 expression can enhance virus-specific T cell activation and improve the outcome of HSV-1 skin infection.
Article
Microbiology
M. A. Farias, F. A. Cancino, A. J. Navarro, A. A. Soto, I. A. Pasten-Ferrada, L. J. Carreno, P. A. Gonzalez
Summary: Human herpesviruses, including herpes simplex viruses, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus, are highly prevalent enveloped viruses with double-stranded linear DNA genomes. They modulate cellular metabolic processes and evade host antiviral responses during their replication cycle. This review highlights the interplay between carbohydrate metabolism and herpesvirus replication, and suggests potential molecular targets for blocking herpesvirus infections.
CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES
(2023)