Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yang Luo, Jingyu Cai, Ling Li, Xiaocheng Lin, Longqiang Xiao, Linxi Hou
Summary: A new multi-DOPO-based reactive flame retardant (DZH) was successfully synthesized and used as a co-curing agent with DDM in epoxy resin (EP), achieving a balance between flame retardancy and overall performance. The addition of DZH decreased the activation energy of the curing reaction system and enhanced the formation of char residues under high temperature conditions. The EP/DZH system exhibited significantly improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties at certain additions.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Yunxian Yang, De-Yi Wang, Rong-Kun Jian, Zhiqi Liu, Guangyan Huang
Summary: This article reviews the research progress of epoxy resin derivatives synthesized from DOPO structure with different substituents at the phosphorus atom in the last decade. The relationship between chemical structure and properties, as well as the effect of these compounds on the properties of epoxy resin, including flame retardance, heat resistance, and mechanical properties, are discussed. However, there are still some issues that need to be improved, such as flame retardant migration, deterioration of mechanical properties, processibility, and economic competitiveness.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Hao Wang, Shan Li, Zongmin Zhu, Xianze Yin, Luoxin Wang, Yunxuan Weng, Xuyi Wang
Summary: A novel flame retardant POBDBI was synthesized and applied to epoxy resin, demonstrating significantly improved flame retardant performance and thermal stability of the composite materials. Fire behavior and characteristics of the char residue were also studied, showing the potential of POBDBI in enhancing flame retardancy.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Lei He, Tao Chen, Yi Zhang, Lianrui Hu, Ting Wang, Rui Han, Jia-Lin He, Wei Luo, Zhi-Guo Liu, Jin-Ni Deng, Ming-Jun Chen
Summary: A bulky aromatic structure imide-DOPO derivative (BMP) successfully imparts flame retardancy and fluorescence simultaneously to epoxy resins. BMP, benefiting from space hindering and intermolecular interactions, maintains the glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin with minor impact on mechanical properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Hu Rong, Yong Guo, Zhongwei Chen, Tingting Chen, Yuan Yu, Chunlei He, Jing Zhou, Xuliang Liu, Qingwu Zhang, Yajie Bu, Juncheng Jiang
Summary: A novel reactive flame retardant, PPDA, was synthesized by neutralizing PPOA with ODA. When incorporated into EP alongside DOPO, EP/PPDA/DOPO composite exhibited excellent flame retardancy and reduced heat release rate, smoke production, and total heat release. The presence of organic phosphorus structures and non-flammable nitrogen compounds contributed to its superior performance. PPDA/DOPO is a promising halogen-free alternative for flame retardants.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Junjie Wang, Xuejun Yu, Shengsong Dai, Xinyu Wang, Zhiquan Pan, Hong Zhou
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of chitosan-based derivative (CSA), DOPO, and CSA/DOPO additives on the flammable properties of EP composites. The results showed a significant improvement in flame retardancy and mechanical strength, with reduced smoke emission and heat release rate, increased residual char amount, and enhanced flexural strength. The synergistic effect of CSA and DOPO played a crucial role in enhancing the overall performance of the EP composites.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chenchen Gao, Longhai Guo, Peichen Yuan, Yajing Qiao, An Xing, Xiaoyu Li
Summary: This study developed a multifunctional epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, high strength, high toughness, low dielectric loss, and strong fluorescence. The resin achieved a V-0 rating and low phosphorus loading through the flame retardant mechanism in gas and condensed phase. Additionally, the resin showed improved tensile strength, impact strength, and modulus with a flexible aliphatic spacer, as well as reduced dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. The fluorescence capability of the resin also demonstrated potential applications in the anti-counterfeiting field.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wen-Hua Zhao, Jing-Wen Wang, Guo-Chao Zhuang, Dong-Yue Liu, Chuang-Chuang Sun
Summary: A reactive flame retardant DTP was successfully synthesized, and its incorporation into epoxy resin improved the flame-retardant and thermal stability properties. Compared to neat EP, the addition of DTP reduced the thermal decomposition rate and increased the char yield. Moreover, EP-DTP samples showed reduced peak heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke production, and effective heat combustion compared to neat EP. The mechanism of flame retardancy was found to involve the quenching effect of phosphorus-containing radicals, diluting effect of nonflammable gases, and barrier effect of char layer.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Pengfei Ji, Yihua Cui, Dongyue Liu, Tianlong Zhang, Jipeng Lv
Summary: The novel functionalized graphene oxide (F-GO) decorated with a double-phosphaphenanthrene structure was successfully incorporated into epoxy resins as a highly effective flame retardant, enhancing the fire resistance and mechanical properties significantly. Despite the extremely low loading, F-GO had a significant impact on the limiting oxygen index, total heat release, and peak heat release rate of the epoxy resins.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yunxian Yang, Wen Chen, Zhi Li, Guangyan Huang, Guang Wu
Summary: A novel multifunctional flame retardant EAD was successfully synthesized and exhibited high thermal stability and good flame retardancy. The addition of a low concentration of EAD to epoxy resin significantly improved its flame retardancy and enhanced the mechanical properties. Moreover, EAD also showed transparency and UV-shielding performance.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Shengda Wang, Shenghui Lou, Penghui Fan, Li Ma, Jie Liu, Tao Tang
Summary: In order to enhance the flame-retardant performance of epoxy thermosets while maintaining other properties, a new aromatic imine-containing DOPO-based bisphenol, DOPO-AI, was synthesized. When the mass of DOPO-AI was 25% of DGEBA, the resulting epoxy thermoset EP/20DOPO-AI exhibited excellent flame-retardant properties, showing V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 35.4%. In addition, EP/20DOPO-AI also showed a reduction in heat release and an increase in char-forming ability.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Zhengbiao Liu, Yijun Zhang, Zhiwei Jia, Hua Liu, Zuozhen Liu
Summary: 9,10-dihydro-9-oxo-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and special tetra functional epoxy resin (EP) AG-601 were combined to synthesize a reactive flame retardant (FREP), which was incorporated into EP to obtain the flame retardant material EP/FREP. By modifying EP/FREP with high thermal resistance bismaleimide (BDM), a new intrinsically flame retardant EP system named EP/FRDM was produced, exhibiting superior flame retardancy and impact toughness. The EP/FRDM also showed excellent thermal stability and had potential application opportunities due to an internal chain expansion reaction when BDM was added.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liping Chen, Zhonglin Luo, Biaobing Wang
Summary: A novel bio-based flame retardant AVD was synthesized and its structure and properties were investigated. The epoxy resin modified with AVD showed improved thermal stability and flame retardancy, indicating great potential for industrial applications.
Article
Polymer Science
Yong Guo, Zhongwei Chen, Yuan Yu, Tingting Chen, Qingwu Zhang, Changxin Li, Juncheng Jiang
Summary: A new-type flame retardant DEZ was synthesized and used to prepare flame retardant epoxy resin composites. The addition of DEZ significantly improved the mechanical and flame retardant properties of the composites.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kangpei Qin, Xin Zhang, Yuan Xu, Yongyan Pang, Zhijun Wang, Yinfeng Liu, Wenge Zheng
Summary: This study aims to prepare a macromolecular flame retardant, EPB-DOPO, with good flexibility through a creative two-step reaction approach. EPB-DOPO exhibited good thermal stability, passed UL-94 flame ratings, and had a glass transition temperature below -20 degrees C.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)