Visibility Graph Feature Model of Vibration Signals: A Novel Bearing Fault Diagnosis Approach

Reliable fault diagnosis of rolling bearings is an important issue for the normal operation of many rotating machines. Information about the structure dynamics is always hidden in the vibration response of the bearings, and it is often very difficult to extract them correctly due to the nonlinear/chaotic nature of the vibration signal. This paper proposes a new feature extraction model of vibration signals for bearing fault diagnosis by employing a recently-developed concept in graph theory, the visibility graph (VG). The VG approach is used to convert the vibration signals into a binary matrix. We extract 15 VG features from the binary matrix by using the network analysis and image processing methods. The three global VG features are proposed based on the complex network theory to describe the global characteristics of the binary matrix. The 12 local VG features are proposed based on the texture analysis method of images, Gaussian Markov random fields, to describe the local characteristics of the binary matrix. The feature selection algorithm is applied to select the VG feature subsets with the best performance. Experimental results are shown for the Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data. The efficiency of the visibility graph feature model is verified by the higher diagnosis accuracy compared to the statistical and wavelet package feature model. The VG features can be used to recognize the fault of rolling bearings under variable working conditions.