Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201803396
Keywords
bandgap; iodide sulfide; mixed anion; valence band; lead free
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Funding
- Australian Research Council through LEIF project [LE110100223, LE130100072]
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP)
- Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA)
- Australian Research Council through the Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science [CE170100026]
- Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science [CE140100012]
- Discovery Project [DP160104575]
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Silver bismuth iodides (AgaBibIa+3b) are nontoxic and comparatively cheap photovoltaic materials, but their wide bandgaps and downshifted valence band edges limit their performance as light absorbers in solar cells. Herein, a strategy is introduced to tune the optoelectronic properties of AgaBibIa+3b by partial anionic substitution with the sulfide dianion. A consistent narrowing of the bandgap by 0.1 eV and an upshift of the valence band edge by 0.1-0.3 eV upon modification with sulfide are demonstrated for AgBiI4, Ag2BiI5, Ag3BiI6, and AgBi2I7 compositions. Solar cells based on silver bismuth sulfoiodides embedded into a mesoporous TiO2 electron-transporting scaffold, and a poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] hole-transporting layer significantly outperform devices based on sulfide-free materials, mainly due to enhancements in the photocurrent by up to 48%. A power conversion efficiency of 5.44 +/- 0.07% (J(sc) = 14.6 +/- 0.1 mA cm(-2); V-oc = 569 +/- 3 mV; fill factor = 65.7 +/- 0.3%) under 1 sun irradiation and stability under ambient conditions for over a month are demonstrated. The results reported herein indicate that further improvements should be possible with this new class of photovoltaic materials upon advances in the synthetic procedures and an increase in the level of sulfide anionic substitution.
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