Article
Clinical Neurology
Shih-Kai Hung, Moon-Sing Lee, Hon-Yi Lin, Liang-Cheng Chen, Chi-Jou Chuang, Chia-Hui Chew, Ben-Hui Yu, Hsuan-Ju Yang, Feng-Chun Hsu, Wen-Yen Chiou
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between different subtypes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), stroke risk, and follow-up time. The results showed that women with HDP had a higher risk of stroke compared to those without HDP, and this risk was associated with the time after childbirth. Among the different HDP subtypes, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia had the highest stroke risk, while chronic preexisting hypertension had the lowest risk. Furthermore, HDP combined with preeclampsia further increased the risk of stroke.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Grace M. Pipes, Teresa C. Logue, Timothy Wen, Whitney A. Booker, Mary E. D'Alton, Alexander M. Friedman
Summary: This study examined the trends, risk factors, and complications associated with postpartum stroke readmission. The results showed that the rate of postpartum stroke hospitalizations did not change significantly from 2013 to 2019. Risk factors for postpartum stroke included pre-eclampsia, maternal cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease, and lupus. Further research is needed to optimize risk reduction for postpartum stroke.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY MFM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lorentz Erland Linde, Svein Rasmussen, Dag Moster, Jorg Kessler, Elham Baghestan, Mika Gissler, Cathrine Ebbing
Summary: The study aimed to explore the risk profiles and recurrence risks of different types of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The analysis of data from Norway showed that retained placenta (and/or membranes) was the most common cause of severe PPH, and delivering a boy was associated with a lower risk of PPH. A previous cesarean section increased the risk of PPH due to dystocia. The study concluded that different types of PPH have varying recurrence risks.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
C. Venkata S. Ram, Sudhir Kumar, Pushpendra Nath Renjen, G. Praveen Kumar, Jayanthi Swaminathan, C. Rajesh Reddy, Sathyanarayana Kondati, Mukesh Sharma, V. L. Arul Selvan, Meenakshi Sundaram, Anupama Vasudevan, Daniel Lackland
Summary: The main risk factors for stroke in India are hypertension and diabetes, which need to be controlled and treated to prevent stroke.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Matthew P. Brohan, Fionn P. Daly, Louise Kelly, Fergus P. Mccarthy, Ali S. Khashan, Karolina Kublickiene, Peter M. Barrett
Summary: This systematic review examines the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the long-term risk for maternal stroke. The results show that exposure to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, particularly preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, is associated with an increased risk for any stroke and ischemic stroke among parous patients in later life.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eliza Miller, Anni E. Kauko, Sarah Tom, Hannele Laivuori, Teemu A. Niiranen, Natalie Bello
Summary: The study found that adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with an earlier onset of maternal cerebrovascular disease, especially in cases where women had more than one affected pregnancy.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Sung-Min Cho, Joe Canner, Giorgio Caturegli, Chun Woo Choi, Eric Etchill, Katherine Giuliano, Giovanni Chiarini, Kate Calligy, Peter Rycus, Roberto Lorusso, Bo Soo Kim, Marc Sussman, Jose I. Suarez, Romergryko Geocadin, Errol L. Bush, Wendy Ziai, Glenn Whitman
Summary: This study found that approximately 5% of patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation experienced acute brain injury, with mortality rates doubling when ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes occurred. Risk factors such as lower pH, hypoxemia, and coagulation disturbances were associated with acute brain injury, highlighting the importance of further research on prevention and management strategies.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Julia D. DiTosto, Can Liu, Elizabeth Wall-Wieler, Ronald S. Gibbs, Anna I. Girsen, Yasser Y. El-Sayed, Alexander J. Butwick, Suzan L. Carmichael
Summary: In women who have experienced a stillbirth, risk factors for postpartum readmission include severe maternal morbidity, hypertension, diabetes, cesarean delivery, prolonged hospital stay, non-Hispanic black race, and lower education level. Continued care is important for these women post-discharge.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY MFM
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Wenxin Tian, Guanghan Zhu, Wenbo Xiao, Bei Gao, Wenli Lu, Yuan Wang
Summary: This study aimed to describe the temporal trends and attributable risk factors of stroke in China. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of stroke decreased. The leading risk factors were high systolic blood pressure, ambient particulate matter pollution, and smoking.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Justin A. Edward, William K. Cornwell
Summary: Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death globally. Regular exercise reduces the risk of these diseases and improves cardiometabolic health. However, there is a complex interaction between exercise and stroke risk, with an acute increase in risk during or immediately after exercise. This article discusses the physiological responses to different types of exercise, as well as the factors affecting cerebral perfusion during rest and exertion, and explores the relationship between atrial fibrillation, exercise, and stroke risk.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Urszula Maria Ciochon, Julie Bolette Brix Bindslev, Christina Engel Hoei-Hansen, Thomas Clement Truelsen, Vibeke Andree Larsen, Michael Bachmann Nielsen, Adam Espe Hansen
Summary: Previous studies suggest that arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the most common cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in children and adolescents. However, there is a lack of updated data on pediatric spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages. This study aims to systematically analyze the published data on the etiologies and risk factors of pediatric spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. The results show that vascular etiologies, including AVMs, are the most frequently reported cause of pediatric spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jingjing Li, Qin Zhou, Yixuan Wang, Lufen Duan, Guangjuan Xu, Liping Zhu, Liping Zhou, Lan Peng, Lian Tang, Yanxia Yu
Summary: This study investigates the risk factors for not returning to postpartum blood pressure visits among discharged hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) patients in China. The study finds that lower education level, higher maximum diastolic blood pressure during pregnancy, and younger gestational age at delivery are independent risk factors for not returning to blood pressure follow-up visits at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum in HDP patients.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Samantha E. Parker, Ayodele Ajayi, Christina D. Yarrington
Summary: The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for de novo postpartum hypertension (dn-PPHTN) among a diverse safety-net hospital population. The study found that more than 10% of patients without a history of hypertension will develop dn-PPHTN in the year after delivery. Risk factors include age >= 35 years, cesarean delivery, and smoking.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Michal Fishel Bartal, Corey C. Clifford, Nana Ama A. Bentum, Ayokunle A. Ogunye, Han-Yang Chen, Suneet P. Chauhan, Baha M. Sibai
Summary: The study retrospectively examined the timing, antecedent events, and outcomes of pregnancy-related stroke (PAS). The results showed a relatively low incidence of PAS, but with a high mortality rate. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were identified as one of the important factors contributing to postpartum stroke.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Todd Lovgren, Brendan Connealy, Ruofan Yao, Joshua D. Dahlke
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to compare the risk of readmission in patients with peripartum hypertension who received no treatment, labetalol, nifedipine, or both at hospital discharge. The study found that nifedipine monotherapy and combined nifedipine-labetalol treatment significantly reduced the risk of readmission for hypertensive complications. In contrast, labetalol monotherapy was associated with an increased risk of readmission.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Preeyaporn Srasuebkul, Adrian R. Walker, Rachael C. Cvejic, Julian N. Trollor, Julia M. Lappin, Jackie Curtis, Katherine Samaras, Kimberlie Dean, Philip B. Ward, Simone Reppermund
Summary: This study examines the differences in physical and mental comorbidities, as well as hospital service use patterns, among individuals diagnosed with different psychotic disorder subtypes. The findings reveal that these differences are heterogeneous. Targeted health policies are needed to meet the specific health needs of these patients.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Shane Darke, Johan Duflou, Amy Peacock, Agata Chrzanowska, Michael Farrell, Julia Lappin
Summary: This study aimed to assess the population mortality rates of cocaine-related deaths in Australia from 2000 to 2021, determine the circumstances of death and case characteristics, and examine their toxicological profile. The study found a significant increase in cocaine-related deaths in Australia since 2012. The majority of deaths were unintentional drug toxicity, and there were also other psychoactive drugs present in these cases.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sarah L. Cohn, Adith Mohan, Julia M. Lappin, Jackie Curtis, James G. Scott
Summary: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by rapid development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The serological screening for anti-NMDAR antibodies in patients with first-episode psychosis has exposed limitations, leading to the recommendation for targeted testing in patients diagnosed with FEP.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Shane Darke, Michael Farrell, Julia Lappin
Summary: Given the high rates of mental health comorbidity among opioid users, psychiatrists and mental health clinicians are likely to treat patients who are dependent on opioids. However, it is important to recognize that overdoses and suicide attempts among these patients are distinct phenomena, with unintentional overdoses being more common than intentional overdoses. Suicides and suicide attempts are also more commonly associated with means other than opioids.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Kimberley Davies, Ryan J. Courtney, Miranda Summersby-Mitchell, Rachel Morell, Nancy Briggs, Julia M. Lappin
Summary: This systematic review aimed to identify factors associated with sustained abstinence in people experiencing severe mental illness following a smoking intervention. Results showed that participation in smoking interventions was associated with higher odds of abstinence in the medium-term, but not long-term follow-ups. Limited knowledge on the factors associated with staying quit in smokers experiencing severe mental illness was found.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Julia M. Lappin, Shane Darke, Michael Farrell
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael F. Doyle, Farah Al-Ansari, Sharlene Kaye, Megan Williams, Katherine Conigrave, Julia Bowman
Summary: This study aims to explore the associations between alcohol consumption and tobacco and illicit drug use among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in prison. The results showed that more Aboriginal participants reported alcohol consumption before prison, indicating possible dependence. Additionally, Aboriginal participants were more likely to use cannabis on a daily or almost daily basis before prison. The study suggests that treatment and support programs should consider the differences in alcohol and drug use patterns between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal individuals.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Shane Darke, Emma Zahra, Johan Duflou, Amy Peacock, Michael Farrell, Julia Lappin
Summary: This study investigated volatile solvent misuse-related death in Australia from 2000 to 2021. The major cause of death was unintentional toxicity, and the most commonly used solvents were gas fuels, gasoline, adhesives/paints, and aerosol propellants. Autopsy findings showed that the deceased often experienced sudden collapse, indicating rapid death, and there were low levels of major organ pathology.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Shane Darke, Johan Duflou, Amy Peacock, Michael Farrell, Julia Lappin
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics and circumstances of cocaine-related suicide cases in Australia from 2000 to 2021, as well as the toxicological profiles of these cases. The findings revealed that the typical cocaine-related suicide case was a male in his early thirties, with a majority of cases using physical means for suicide and a significant number exhibiting intense agitation and conflict prior to the fatal incident.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Samantha Colledge-Frisby, Nicola Jones, Louisa Degenhardt, Matthew Hickman, Prianka Padmanathan, Thomas Santo Jr, Michael Farrell, Natasa Gisev
Summary: This study examined the incidence of self-harm and suicide among people receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT), and the impact of different periods of OAT exposure. The study found that the rates of self-harm and suicide were elevated during the initiation and cessation of OAT.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2023)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Carey Marr, Claire Gaskin, John Kasinathan, Sharlene Kaye, Yolisha Singh, Kimberlie Dean
Summary: This study compared data from three large surveys of youth in custody in New South Wales conducted in 2003, 2009, and 2015. The findings showed little consistent change over time in rates of mental illness, self-harm and suicidal behaviors, substance use, and childhood trauma, although some fluctuations were observed. Young people in custody exhibited higher levels of these variables compared to the general population. Overall, these data suggest limited improvement in the well-being of young people in custody over time.
PSYCHIATRY PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. Ratledge, E. Del Rio, Brian Watson, N. Said, N. Rice, M. Farrell, E. Dewald, A. Nikroo, D. Clark
Summary: To correct the low mode asymmetry in inertial confinement fusion target design, one way is to shim the target capsule surface with extra mass in specific locations following a three-dimensional P4 Legendre mode. Previously, the desired surface pattern was precision machined, but machining leaves large defects. An alternative approach is to grow the pattern on the capsule surface using a glow discharge polymerization coating process.
FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Louisa Degenhardt, Brodie Clark, Georgina Macpherson, Oscar Leppan, Suzanne Nielsen, Emma Zahra, Briony Larance, Jo Kimber, Daniel Martino-Burke, Matthew Hickman, Michael Farrell
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effects of buprenorphine and methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. The study found that methadone had better treatment retention rates compared to buprenorphine, but there were few significant differences in other primary and secondary outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of interventions to improve treatment retention, consideration of client-centered factors (such as client preference) when selecting between buprenorphine and methadone, and harmonization of data collection and reporting to strengthen future synthesis.
Article
Substance Abuse
Karinna Saxby, Andrew Ireland, Peter Ghijben, Rohan Sweeney, Kah-Ling Sia, Esa Chen, Michael Farrell, Hayden McRobbie, Ryan Courtney, Dennis Petrie
Summary: This study examines the relationship between individuals' smoking cessation and relapse patterns and the smoking behavior of their household members. The results show that individuals living with a smoking spouse are less likely to quit and more likely to relapse. The forecast models predict that smokers living with nonsmokers will reduce by 43% over the next 10 years, while those living alone or with a smoking partner will only reduce by 26% and 28% respectively. Therefore, interventions at the household level, particularly targeting spouses, may be effective in promoting smoking cessation.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2023)
