Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Bo Wang, Thomas L. Christiansen, Marcel A. J. Somers
Summary: Duplex stainless steel 2205 was annealed to adjust the phase fractions, and then high-temperature solution nitriding was conducted. The influence of phase fractions on nitriding kinetics and the evolution of microstructure during solution nitriding were analyzed using various characterization techniques. It was found that higher ferrite phase fraction resulted in finer grains of nitrogen-stabilized austenite. The slower grain growth in higher ferrite phase fractions could be attributed to phase distribution, alloying element partitioning, and pinning effect by M2N nitrides.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Hang Wang, Aiqin Wang, Changyi Li, Xingsheng Yu, Jingpei Xie, Chenlu Liu
Summary: The microstructure evolution and dynamic softening mechanism of a 00Cr27Ni7Mo5N hyper duplex stainless steel during uniaxial hot compression were investigated. It was found that the (sub)grains of ferrite were refined at 1050 degrees C and strain rates of 0.01 to 1 s(-1), exhibiting continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). However, dynamic softening within ferrite was diminished at a strain rate of 10 s(-1). A softening mechanism analogous to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) was observed in the ferrite/austenite interphase mantle regions. The dynamic softening within austenite was limited, with complex-shaped deformation bands and a small number of recrystallized grains. The dynamic softening of the hyper duplex stainless steel was dominated by ferrite, while the formation of DRX nuclei and growth of austenite occurred at 1250 degrees C, indicating a DDRX-like softening mechanism. Furthermore, increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate favored the dynamic softening of austenite.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weijie Wu, Xuewei Zhang, Weiguo Li, Hao Fu, Shenguang Liu, Yanfei Wang, Jinxu Li
Summary: Hydrogen diffusion and interactions with structural defects are investigated in deformed 2205 duplex stainless steel. The study found that phase boundaries and ferrite grain boundaries have a significant impact on hydrogen diffusion, while plastic deformation has little effect.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Filip Kateusz, Adelajda Polkowska, Wojciech Polkowski, Konrad Chrzan, Krzysztof Jaskowiec, Pawel Sokolowski, Amaya Igartua, Josu Leunda, Magdalena Bisztyga-Szklarz, Tomasz Dudziak, Jerzy Jedlinski
Summary: The study investigates the impact of recycling stainless steel waste on the microstructure and chemical composition of resulting powders. It demonstrates the utility of recycling stainless steel into high-grade powders suitable for additive manufacturing. The results show that the properties and hardness of the powders vary with the particle diameter.
ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Wang Li, Yue Deng, Jinbo Gu, Wangzhong Mu, Jingyuan Li
Summary: The dynamic substructural development and softening mechanisms of UNS S32101 duplex stainless steel under different strain rates were examined through hot-tensile tests, revealing various recrystallization mechanisms in both ferrite and austenite.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Barundeb Raha
Summary: Duplex stainless steel castings are widely used in steel foundries, but they often require substantial rework due to the development of cracks after heat treatment. This study aims to analyze the metallurgical and manufacturing aspects that contribute to crack formation, providing preventive measures for defect-free castings. The findings will be beneficial for steel foundries seeking better control and minimum rework in producing high-quality castings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METALCASTING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ibrahim Momoh-Bello Omiogbemi, Danjuma Saleh Yawas, Atanu Das, Matthew Olatunde Afolayan, Emmanuel Toi Dauda, Roshan Kumar, Sudhakar Rao Gorja, Sandip Ghosh Chowdhury
Summary: This research investigates the mechanical and corrosion properties of welded duplex stainless steel structures using specially developed novel electrodes. The results show that the welded joints made with E1 electrode coated with basic flux have better mechanical properties and substantial resistance to corrosion in a 3.5% NaCl environment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chinthaka M. Silva, Keith J. Leonard, Lauren M. Garrison, Chris D. Bryan
Summary: The study investigated the microstructural and mechanical properties of a lean duplex stainless steel material (2304-grade) under irradiation conditions, showing radiation hardening and decreased total elongation. Fracture surfaces of irradiated samples exhibited nonuniform quasi-cleavage and shearing, indicative of radiation-induced embrittlement. Furthermore, elemental segregation was identified in the post-irradiated base metal.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shiguang Xu, Jinshan He, Runze Zhang, Fucheng Zhang, Xitao Wang
Summary: The hot deformation behaviors and dynamic softening mechanisms of 7Mo super-austenitic stainless steel were studied. The optimal hot deformation conditions were found to be in the temperature and strain rate ranges of 1030-1200 degrees Celsius and 0.001-0.07 s-1, and 1050-1200 degrees Celsius and 10 s-1, respectively. The high stacking fault energy resulted in planar gliding of dislocations as the main deformation mechanism. Dynamic recovery and continuous dynamic recrystallization played dominant roles in the dynamic softening mechanism. Microbands and sigma precipitates further promoted continuous dynamic recrystallization.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shunsuke Sasaki, Tatsuro Katsumura
Summary: The low-temperature toughness of a 2205 duplex stainless steel produced through a thermo-mechanical control process is dependent on its microstructure. Compared to conventional processes, the thermo-mechanical control process results in finer austenite grains and higher toughness, effectively lowering the ductile-brittle transition temperature by 26 to 33 degrees Celsius. The fine austenite grains produced by the thermo-mechanical control process have been found to prevent crack initiation, improving the overall toughness of the stainless steel.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Haijian Xu, Chufei Han, YuPu Bai, Weijuan Li, Xin Qiao, Xiaochun Sha
Summary: The flow behavior and microstructure evolution of SDSS2507 were systematically studied through hot compressive tests. The hot processing map was constructed based on the obtained stress-strain curves and equations. The optimum hot processing parameters for SDSS2507 were found to be in a low strain rate range of 0.1-3 s(-1) with the temperature range above 950 degrees C.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kyunghyun Kim, Hyung-Won Park, Hyeon-Woo Park, Jun Yanagimoto
Summary: This paper presents a method for quantifying the dynamic softening kinetics of duplex stainless steel. The material parameters obtained through inverse analysis and regression analysis can be used to predict the microstructural evolution during hot deformation processes.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mohamed Azzam, Waleed Khalifa
Summary: In this study, a 6-inch diameter 2205 duplex stainless-steel gas flowline experienced leaks at two joints after two years of service. The leaks were mainly concentrated in the areas in contact with high salinity water, with minimal damage in the parts exposed to dry gases. The main causes of corrosion were identified as high salinity water and high carbon dioxide levels, with excessive heat input and low nitrogen levels also affecting the corrosion resistance of the joints.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Jizheng Yao, Zhenhui Qi, Chaofang Dong
Summary: The growth process, composition, and electrochemical behavior of passive films on ferrite and austenite phases in 2205 duplex stainless steel were investigated. The alpha/gamma individual phases on the unbroken surface exhibited similar electrochemical characteristics, and element gradients were observed at phase boundaries. Three stages of passive film formation were defined, and an even distribution of alloying elements was observed in the two-layer passive film on the intact surface.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yong Hu, Lihua Wang, Minghui Ouyang, Yongqi Hu, Cheng Chu
Summary: This study investigates the hot deformation behaviors and softening mechanism of 6%Si high-silicon austenitic stainless steel. The constitutive equation is established based on the stress-strain curves, and the processing maps are drawn using the Dynamic Material Model (DMM). The results show that the best hot workability is achieved in the temperature range of 1130-1170℃ at a strain rate of 0.01-0.03 s-1. At higher strain rates, the material is easily destabilized, but in the non-destabilized zone, better microstructure can be obtained. The softening mechanism is mainly attributed to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX), with continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) occurring between 1100 and 1150℃.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Liu, K. Zweiacker, C. Liu, J. T. McKeown, J. M. K. Wiezorek
Summary: The evolution of rapid solidification microstructure and solidification interface velocity of hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu alloy after laser melting has been studied experimentally. It was found that the formation of microstructure was dominated by eutectic, alpha-cell, and banded morphology grains, and the growth modes changed with increasing interface velocity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bharat Gwalani, Julian Escobar, Miao Song, Jonova Thomas, Joshua Silverstein, Andrew Chihpin Chuang, Dileep Singh, Michael P. Brady, Yukinori Yamamoto, Thomas R. Watkins, Arun Devaraj
Summary: Castable alumina forming austenitic alloys exhibit superior creep life and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study reveals the mechanism behind the enhanced creep performance of these alloys by suppressing primary carbide formation and offers a promising alloy design strategy for high-temperature applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Song, Qi Zhang, Songsong Yao, Kunming Yang, Houyu Ma, Jiamiao Ni, Boan Zhong, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Tongxiang Fan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that achieving an atomically flat surface for metals can greatly improve their oxidation resistance and enhance their electronic-optical applications. Researchers have explored the use of graphene as a covering layer to achieve atomically flat surfaces. They found that high-temperature deposited graphene on copper surfaces formed mono-atomic steps, while annealed copper and transferred graphene on copper interfaces formed multi-atomic steps.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, David C. Dunand
Summary: Elemental powders of Al, Ti, Sc, and Zr are blended and processed via laser powder-bed fusion to create binary and ternary alloys. The microstructural analysis and mechanical testing show that the addition of Ti results in the formation of primary precipitates, while the addition of Sc and Zr leads to the formation of fine grain bands. The Al-0.25Ti-0.25Zr alloy exhibits comparable strain rates to Al-0.5Zr at low stresses, but significantly higher strain rates at higher stresses during compressive creep testing. Finite element modeling suggests that the connectivity of coarse and fine grain regions is a critical factor affecting the creep resistance of the alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Jannotti, B. C. Hornbuckle, J. T. Lloyd, N. Lorenzo, M. Aniska, T. L. Luckenbaugh, A. J. Roberts, A. Giri, K. A. Darling
Summary: This work characterizes the thermo-mechanical behavior of bulk nanocrystalline Cu-Ta alloys under extreme conditions. The experiments reveal that the alloys exhibit unique mechanical properties, behaving differently from conventional nanocrystalline Cu. They do not undergo grain coarsening during extrusion and exhibit behavior similar to coarse-grained Cu.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yiqing Wei, Jingwei Li, Daliang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zizhen Zhou, Guang Han, Guoyu Wang, Carmelo Prestipino, Pierric Lemoine, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Xu Lu, Xiaoyuan Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a new strategy to modify microstructure by phase regulation, which can simultaneously enhance carrier mobility and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. The addition of Cu in layered SnSe2 induces a phase transition that leads to increased grain size and reduced stacking fault density, resulting in improved carrier mobility and lower lattice thermal conductivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jia Chen, Zhengyu Zhang, Eitan Hershkovitz, Jonathan Poplawsky, Raja Shekar Bhupal Dandu, Chang-Yu Hung, Wenbo Wang, Yi Yao, Lin Li, Hongliang Xin, Honggyu Kim, Wenjun Cai
Summary: In this study, the structural origin of the pH-dependent repassivation mechanisms in multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) was investigated using surface characterization and computational simulations. It was found that selective oxidation in acidic to neutral solutions leads to enhanced nickel enrichment on the surface, resulting in reduced repassivation capability and corrosion resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Y. Xu, C. P. Huang, H. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Li, M. X. Huang
Summary: The limited slip systems of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys hinder their wide applications. By conducting tensile straining experiments, researchers discovered a rate-dependent transition in the dislocation mechanisms of Mg alloys. At high strain rates, glissile dislocations dominate, while easy-glide dislocations dominate at low strain rates. Abundant glissile dislocations do not necessarily improve ductility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Szczerba, M. J. Szczerba
Summary: Inverse temperature dependences of the detwinning stress were observed in face-centered cubic deformation twins in Cu-8at.%Al alloy. The detwinning stress increased with temperature when the pi detwinning mode was involved, but decreased when the pi/3 mode was involved. The dual effect of temperature on the detwinning stress was due to the reduction of internal stresses pre-existing within the deformation twins. The complete reduction of internal stresses at about 530 degrees C led to the equivalence of the critical stresses of different detwinning modes and a decrease in the yield stress anisotropy of the twin/matrix structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taowen Dong, Tingting Qin, Wei Zhang, Yaowen Zhang, Zhuoran Feng, Yuxiang Gao, Zhongyu Pan, Zixiang Xia, Yan Wang, Chunming Yang, Peng Wang, Weitao Zheng
Summary: The interaction between the electrode and the electric double layer (EDL) significantly influences the energy storage mechanism. By studying the popular alpha-Fe2O3 electrode and the EDL interaction, we find that the energy storage mechanism of the electrode can be controlled by modulating the EDL.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew R. Barnett, Jun Wang, Sitarama R. Kada, Alban de Vaucorbeil, Andrew Stevenson, Marc Fivel, Peter A. Lynch
Summary: The elastic-plastic transition in magnesium alloy Mg-4.5Zn exhibits bursts of deformation, which are characterized by sudden changes in grain orientation. These bursts occur in a coordinated manner among nearby grains, with the highest burst rate observed at the onset of full plasticity. The most significant burst events are associated with twinning, supported by the observation of twinned structures using electron microscopy. The bursts are often preceded and followed by a stasis in peak movement, indicating a certain "birth size" for twins upon formation and subsequent growth at a later stage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vaidehi Menon, Sambit Das, Vikram Gavini, Liang Qi
Summary: Understanding solute segregation thermodynamics is crucial for investigating grain boundary properties. The spectral approach and thermodynamic integration methods can be used to predict solute segregation behavior at grain boundaries and compare with experimental observations, thus aiding in alloy design and performance control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feiyu Qin, Lei Hu, Yingcai Zhu, Yuki Sakai, Shogo Kawaguchi, Akihiko Machida, Tetsu Watanuki, Yue-Wen Fang, Jun Sun, Xiangdong Ding, Masaki Azuma
Summary: This study reports on the negative and zero thermal expansion properties of Cd2Re2O7 and Cd1.95Ni0.05Re2O7 materials, along with their ultra-low thermal conductivity. Through investigations of their structures and phonon calculations, the synergistic effect of local structure distortion and soft phonons is revealed as the key to achieving these distinctive properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Beerli, Christian C. Roth, Dirk Mohr
Summary: A novel testing system for miniature specimens is designed to characterize the plastic response of materials for which conventional full-size specimens cannot be extracted. The system has an automated operation process, which reduces the damage to specimens caused by manual handling and improves the stability of the test results. The experiments show that the miniature specimens extracted from stainless steel and aluminum have high reproducibility, and the results are consistent with those of conventional-sized specimens. A correction procedure is provided to consider the influence of surface roughness and heat-affected zone caused by wire EDM.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rani Mary Joy, Paulius Pobedinskas, Nina Baule, Shengyuan Bai, Daen Jannis, Nicolas Gauquelin, Marie-Amandine Pinault-Thaury, Francois Jomard, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Rozita Rouzbahani, Fernando Lloret, Derese Desta, Jan D'Haen, Johan Verbeeck, Michael Frank Becker, Ken Haenen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of film microstructure and composition on the Young's modulus and residual stress in nanocrystalline diamond thin films. The results provide insights into the mechanical properties and intrinsic stress sources of these films, and demonstrate the potential for producing high-quality nanocrystalline diamond films under certain conditions.