Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
A. Dal Molin, L. Fumagalli, M. Nocente, D. Rigamonti, M. Tardocchi, L. Giacomelli, E. Panontin, A. Lvovskiy, C. Paz-Soldan, N. W. Edietis, G. Gorini
Summary: The novel compact spectrometer optimized for measuring hard X rays generated by runaway electrons is designed for installation in the fan-shaped collimator of the gamma-ray imager diagnostic in the DIII-D tokamak. It features a detector based on cerium doped yttrium aluminum perovskite scintillator crystal coupled with a silicon photomultiplier, with a dynamic energy range exceeding 10 MeV and energy resolution of around 10% at 661.7 keV. The fast detector signal enables operation at counting rates over 1 MCps, with gain stability monitored in real time using a light-emitting diode. It is expected to be deployed in the upcoming DIII-D runaway electron experimental campaign.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Junghyun Bae, Stylianos Chatzidakis
Summary: A new spectrometer is proposed for estimating muon momentum using multiple pressurized gas Cherenkov radiators. By analyzing the photon signals from each radiator, muon momentum can be estimated with high resolution and classification rate. The integration of this spectrometer with existing instruments is expected to greatly improve imaging quality and reduce scanning time in cosmic ray muon applications.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
E. Stadnichuk, E. Svechnikova
Summary: This study introduces a kinetic approach to investigate positron relativistic feedback and derives a criterion for self-sustaining production of RREAs in thunderstorms. The research finds that the parameters of electric field observed in real thunderclouds do not meet the conditions for self-sustaining RREA development.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Melody Pallu, Sebastien Celestin, Yanis Hazem, Francois Trompier, Gael Patton
Summary: This paper presents XStorm, a gamma ray spectrometer developed to detect gamma ray glows and terrestrial gamma ray flashes in close proximity. It is designed to detect photons with energy between 400 keV and 20 MeV with precision timing. Through ground testing and test flights, the instrument's capabilities have been validated for detecting various types of particles involved in these events.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
A. Lvovskiy, C. Paz-Soldan, N. Eidietis, A. Dal Molin, M. Nocente, C. Cooper, D. Rigamonti, M. Tardocchi, D. Taussig
Summary: In this article, the upgrades made to the Gamma Ray Imager (GRI) are detailed, expanding its capabilities to measure high-flux HXR emissions from runaway electrons (REs). The implementation of novel gamma ray detectors allows for a count rate exceeding 1 MHz, leading to new insights into RE physics during experiments.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
H. Che, G. P. Zank, A. O. Benz
Summary: This study investigates the role of the electron Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (EKHI) induced turbulence in ion acceleration in force-free magnetic reconnection using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The findings show that the Alfven waves generated by EKHI couple with magnetic vortices, leading to resonance between ions and Alfven waves, resulting in enhanced ion heating.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Nocente, T. Craciunescu, G. Gorini, V Kiptily, M. Tardocchi, V Braic, M. Curuia, A. Dal Molin, J. Figueiredo, L. Giacomelli, M. Iliasova, Y. Kazakov, E. Khilkevitch, G. Marcer, E. Panontin, D. Rigamonti, M. Salewski, A. Shevelev, S. Soare, V Zoita, I Zychor, J. E. T. Contributors
Summary: A new tangential gamma-ray spectrometer has been developed for fast ion measurements in deuterium and deuterium-tritium plasmas at JET, offering enhanced energy resolution and counting rate capability. Equipped with a LiH attenuator, the instrument can reduce background interference and observe gamma-ray emission from confined alpha particles. Its performance has been demonstrated through recent JET experiments in deuterium plasmas.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Lulin Fan, Tongjun Xu, Shun Li, Zhangli Xu, Jiancai Xu, Jianqiang Zhu, Baifei Shen, Liangliang Ji
Summary: High-intensity and low-divergence gamma-ray beams are generated by picosecond laser-accelerated electrons. Electrons with an energy of 26 MeV are produced in a high-density gas jet and interact with a high-Z target to generate bremsstrahlung radiation. The experimental results show that the gamma-ray beam has a small divergence, with a total photon number of 2.2x10(9). Comparison with simulation results reveals a divergence of 7.73 degrees for the gamma-ray beam.
HIGH POWER LASER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oceane Barraud, Sebastien Besse, Alain Doressoundiram
Summary: The MESSENGER mission to Mercury discovered hollows, which are unique geological landforms with no equivalent on other airless silicate bodies. It was found that the formation of hollows is caused by the loss of volatile-bearing minerals. Through spectral analysis and laboratory comparison, it was determined that calcium sulfide, magnesium sulfide, and sodium sulfide are the best candidates to reproduce the curvature of the hollow spectra.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Glyn A. Collinson, Alex Glocer, Dennis Chornay, Robert Michell, Rob Pfaff, Tim Cameron, Paulo Uribe, Rudy A. Frahm, Traci Rosnack, Chris Pirner, Ted Gass, Jim Clemmons, Aroh Barjatya, Steven Martin, Hassanali Akbari, Shantanab Debchoudhury, Rachel Conway, Francis Eparvier, Eftyhia Zesta, Nikolaos Paschalidis
Summary: Photoelectrons play a crucial role in atmospheric physics. Researchers have successfully measured the energy spectrum of photoelectrons using a new scientific instrument, providing valuable data for future computer modeling and exploration of Earth's ionosphere.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kazuo Makishima, Nagomi Uchida, Hiroki Yoneda, Teruaki Enoto, Tadayuki Takahashi
Summary: This study reinforces the evidence for a similar to 9 second pulsation in the gamma-ray binary LS 5039. By reanalyzing and correcting the data from multiple observations, the pulsation was confirmed and further supports the hypothesis of a strongly magnetized neutron star in LS 5039.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessio Mei, Biswajit Banerjee, Gor Oganesyan, Om Sharan Salafia, Stefano Giarratana, Marica Branchesi, Paolo D'Avanzo, Sergio Campana, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Samuele Ronchini, Amit Shukla, Pawan Tiwari
Summary: The observation of an energetic gamma-ray burst, GRB 211211A, reveals a significant transient-like emission in the high-energy gamma-rays. Modelling and analysis of multi-wavelength observations indicate that the gigaelectronvolt emission from GRB 211211A exceeds the predicted flux from the current afterglow model at such late times.
Article
Optics
Yishai Klein, Alok K. Tripathi, Edward Strizhevsky, Flavio Capotondi, Dario De Angelis, Luca Giannessi, Matteo Pancaldi, Emanuele Pedersoli, Kevin C. Prince, Or Sefi, Young Yong Kim, Ivan A. Vartanyants, Sharon Shwartz
Summary: We present a simple and reliable high-resolution ghost spectroscopy method for x-ray and extreme ultraviolet transient absorption spectroscopy at free-electron laser sources. This method only requires an online spectrometer before the sample and a downstream bucket detector to retrieve the sample response. We validate the method by measuring absorption spectra of silicon-based materials and comparing the results with standard techniques.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hai-Ming Zhang, Yi-Yun Huang, Jian-He Zheng, Ruo-Yu Liu, Xiang-Yu Wang
Summary: Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) were previously thought to be caused by massive star core collapse, while short-duration GRBs were thought to be associated with mergers of compact stellar binaries. However, the discovery of a kilonova associated with the long-duration GRB 211211A suggests that its progenitor is a compact object merger. The Fermi-LAT detection of gamma-ray (>100 MeV) afterglow emission from GRB 211211A, lasting around 20,000 seconds, indicates that this GRB is the longest event detected for conventional short-duration GRBs. The long duration of the gamma-ray emission could be due to the proximity of the GRB and the expanding GRB jet in a low-density circumburst medium, consistent with the compact stellar merger scenario.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mohammed Al Shaaibi, Juma Ali, Norazimah Duraman, Basilios Tsikouras, Zarifi Masri
Summary: The study revealed that the natural radioactivity of intertidal sediment samples collected from the beaches of Oman was lower than the worldwide average. The annual effective dose rate was estimated to be within safe limits, and the radium equivalent, external and internal indices were below the recommended levels.Gamma and alpha radiation indices were computed to be less than unity, indicating no significant radiological risk to human health from intertidal beach sand in Oman.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Xin Jin, Flyura Djurabekova, Miguel Sequeira, Katharina Lorenz, Kai Nordlund
Summary: In this study, we used a simulation approach to investigate the dechanneling induced by voids with different shapes in tungsten. We found that the dechanneling cross section of large voids can be described by the product of the minimum yield and the area projected from the void to the target surface, as suggested by analytical models. However, this method overestimates the dechanneling induced by small voids, and there are significant differences between voids and stacking faults in terms of dechanneling.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Yu Gao, Yuhe Feng, Michael Endler, Marcin W. Jakubowski, Joachim Geiger, Sergey Bozhenkov, Aleix Puig Sitjes, Fabio Pisano, Chandra Prakash Dhard, Dirk Naujoks, Maciej Krychowiak, Matthias Otte, Ralf Koenig, Daihong Zhang, Georg Schlisio, Uwe Wenzel, Thomas Sunn Pedersen
Summary: In the first divertor campaign in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), unexpected significant heat loads were observed at certain plasma-facing components. Previous diffusive field line tracing (DFLT) model was unable to reproduce these loads, leading to the development of two new efficient codes (DFLT_rev and EMC3-Lite) to address the issue. These new codes have been validated and used to design tungsten baffle tiles for mitigated heat loads in the upcoming campaign.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. Vallar, M. Dreval, M. Garcia-Munoz, S. Sharapov, J. Poley, A. N. Karpushov, P. Lauber, S. Mazzi, L. Porte, TCV Team
Summary: In Tokamak Configuration Variable (TCV), unstable modes excited by the resonant interaction between shear Alfven waves and energetic particles have been observed during scenarios with neutral beam injection (NBI). The Alfvenic nature of the modes has been confirmed by studying their sensitivity to plasma parameters and comparing with linear kinetic stability code predictions. The mode's radial profile has been estimated using electron cyclotron emission measurement and agrees well with modeling results. Additionally, the fast particle distribution function has been modeled using TRANSP/NUBEAM code.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
E. Maragkoudakis, D. Carralero, T. Estrada, T. Windisch, Y. Gao, C. Killer, M. Jakubowski, A. Puig Sitjes, F. Pisano, H. Sandor, M. Vecsei, S. Zoletnik, A. Cappa
Summary: The formation of the radial electric field in the scrape-off layer (SOL) in stellarator W7-X was experimentally studied. Simple models developed in tokamaks were tested for their validity in a complex 3D island divertor. The formation of the electric field follows a similar pattern to tokamaks, and the gradient of the electric field at the edge is linked to a reduction in density fluctuations.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
K. C. Shaing, M. Garcia-Munoz, E. Viezzer
Summary: A version of the drift kinetic equation that includes the physics of the nonlinear trapping and quasilinear plateau regimes in tokamaks is used to calculate neoclassical toroidal plasma viscosity in the bounce-transit and drift resonance regimes. It is found that the transition between these two regimes is controlled by a mirror-force like term. The quasilinear regime prevails when the effective collision frequency is larger than the mirroring or the nonlinear bounce frequency, while the nonlinear trapping regime dominates otherwise. The Eulerian approach is used to demonstrate this, which goes beyond the traditional method of integrating along the unperturbed orbit.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
G. Marcer, M. Rebai, Andrea Dal Molin, O. Putignano, D. Rigamonti, F. Camera, M. Tardocchi
Summary: Lanthanum halide scintillation crystals are advanced scintillator technology for gamma ray spectroscopy, with features including short decay time, high light yield, good detection efficiency, and optimal energy resolution. These crystals also have an intense intrinsic background resulting from radioactive decay, which can be exploited for energy calibration. In this study, a detailed analysis of lanthanum bromide intrinsic background revealed a previously unreported feature with an average energy of 1515 keV.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pietro Arena, Gaetano Bongiovi, Ilenia Catanzaro, Cristiano Ciurluini, Aldo Collaku, Alessandro Del Nevo, Pietro Alessandro Di Maio, Matteo D'Onorio, Fabio Giannetti, Vito Imbriani, Pietro Maccari, Lorenzo Melchiorri, Fabio Moro, Rocco Mozzillo, Simone Noce, Laura Savoldi, Simone Siriano, Alessandro Tassone, Marco Utili
Summary: This paper presents the architecture and design of the water-cooled lead lithium breeding blanket (WCLL BB), focusing on the differences between the pre-conceptual version and the conceptual layout. It also describes the interfaces between the BB and various in-vessel systems.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
A. Dal Molin, M. Nocente, M. Dalla Rosa, E. Panontin, D. Rigamonti, M. Tardocchi, A. Shevelev, E. Khilkevitch, M. Iliasova, L. Giacomelli, G. Gorini, E. Perelli Cippo, F. D'Isa, G. Pautasso, G. Papp, G. Tardini, E. Macusova, J. Cerovsky, O. Ficker, M. Salewski, V Kiptily
Summary: A novel hard x-ray (HXR) spectrometer, called runaway electron gamma-ray detection system, has been developed for measuring bremsstrahlung radiation from runaway electrons in fusion plasmas. The system consists of a 1'x1' LaBr3:Ce scintillator crystal and a photomultiplier tube, providing an energy dynamic range exceeding 20 MeV and an energy resolution of 3% at 661.7 keV. The detector gain remains stable even under severe loads, with a gain shift below 3% at HXR counting rates over 1 MCps. The system's outstanding performance allows unprecedented studies of the time-dependent runaway electron energy distribution function in recent experiments.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cristiano Franchi, Riccardo Rossi, Andrea Malizia, Pasqualino Gaudio, Daniele Di Giovanni
Summary: Through analysis, it was found that there is a strong correlation between the infection trends in Italian prisons and the external community. The infection prevalence is higher in prisons, but the reproduction number and hospitalization rate are lower. There is a lag of 1-2 weeks in prison, which can provide a useful time-window for strengthening countermeasures.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Haotian Chen, Liu Chen, Eleonora Viezzer, Manuel Garcia-Munoz, Jiquan Li
Summary: The hybrid gyrokinetic-fluid model for simulating low-frequency electromagnetic fluctuations is revisited, emphasizing the self-consistency between the gyrokinetic ordering and magnetohydrodynamic equations. The parallel electric field equation is found to be a Poisson-like equation in general. The balance between parallel electric field and electron pressure gradient must be accurately captured, and the ion parallel current correction is shown to be essential for the ion sound wave branch.
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Fabio Federici, Matthew L. Reinke, Bruce Lipschultz, Andrew J. Thornton, James R. Harrison, Jack J. Lovell, Matthias Bernert, MAST Upgrade Team
Summary: A prototype infrared video bolometer was successfully deployed in the MAST Upgrade tokamak to study radiation around the lower x-point. The system was fully characterized before installation and verified to match the design. The measurements from the installed IRVB were consistent with other diagnostics and showed the progression of radiative detachment.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chiara Ferrari, Guglielmo Manenti, Andrea Malizia
Summary: The main goal of radiation protection is to mitigate or eliminate the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. The interaction between radiation and living matter is quantified in dose, which is correlated with biological effects. The Sievert is the well-known unit used to minimize stochastic effects, while the Gray is the reference quantity for tissue reactions under high-exposure conditions. This review discusses the transition from Sievert to Gray, considerations for operational quantities in monitoring detectors, and the use of reference levels in emergency exposure.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Bruno Goncalves, Paulo Varela, Antonio Silva, Filipe Silva, Jorge Santos, Emanuel Ricardo, Alberto Vale, Raul Luis, Yohanes Nietiadi, Artur Malaquias, Jorge Belo, Jose Dias, Jorge Ferreira, Thomas Franke, Wolfgang Biel, Stephane Heuraux, Tiago Ribeiro, Gianluca De Masi, Onofrio Tudisco, Roberto Cavazzana, Giuseppe Marchiori, Ocleto D'Arcangelo
Summary: Providing energy from fusion and scaling up the process efficiently and economically is a major challenge in engineering. Plasma Position Reflectometry (PPR) plays an important role in future fusion machines by monitoring plasma position and shape. It uses radar methods in microwave and millimetre wave frequency ranges to measure density profile for plasma control.
Letter
Allergy
Andrea Leonardi, Fabiano Cavarzeran, Umberto Rosani, Giuseppe Righetti, Jean-Sebastien Garrigue, Paola Brun
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Hyun-Tae Kim, Fulvio Auriemma, Jorge Ferreira, Stefano Gabriellini, Aaron Ho, Philippe Huynh, Krassimir Kirov, Rita Lorenzini, Michele Marin, Michal Poradzinski, Nan Shi, Gary Staebler, Ziga Stancar, Gediminas Stankunas, Vito Konrad Zotta, Emily Belli, Francis J. Casson, Clive Challis, Jonathan Citrin, Dirk van Eester, Emil Fransson, Daniel Gallart, Jeronimo Garcia, Luca Garzotti, Renato Gatto, Joerg Hobirk, Athina Kappatou, Ernesto Lerche, Andrei Ludvig-Osipov, Costanza Maggi, Mikhail Maslov, Massimo Nocente, Ridhima Sharma, Alessandro Di Siena, Par Strand, Emmi Tholerus, Dimitriy Yadykin
Summary: The JET experiments provide an opportunity to validate D-T fusion power predictions and support future device design and operation preparation. The core integrated modelling with TRANSP, JINTRAC, and ETS coupled with a quasilinear turbulent transport model was validated against the measured data in 2021 JET D-T discharges. The good statistical agreement confirms the accuracy of D-T fusion power calculations, and similarities were found between the predictive modelling of D-T and counterpart D discharges.
