Article
Oncology
Leila T. Tchelebi, Cathy Eng, Craig A. Messick, Theodore S. Hong, Ethan B. Ludmir, Lisa A. Kachnic, Nicholas G. Zaorsky
Summary: The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus has shifted from radical surgery to sphincter-preserving chemoradiation, with chemotherapy using mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil found to be essential for cure. Advanced radiation techniques are now considered standard of care, and further studies are exploring the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors in locally advanced cancers.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Hirva Mamdani, Sandro Matosevic, Ahmed Bilal Khalid, Gregory Durm, Shadia I. Jalal
Summary: Lung cancer treatment has undergone major changes with the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapy. However, predicting response and overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors remains challenging, necessitating the discovery of new predictive biomarkers. Additionally, exploring additional targets is important for maximizing the benefits of immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jing Wei, Yueyao Yang, Gang Wang, Ming Liu
Summary: This review provides insights into the various structures of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), their different mechanisms of action, and current clinical progress in cancer immunotherapy. Despite their potential, the application of BsAbs is hindered by challenges such as immunogenicity, tumor heterogeneity, low response rate, treatment resistance, and systemic adverse effects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Li-Xue Jiang, Manxi Yang, Syeda Nazifa Wali, Julia Laskin
Summary: In the past two decades, the power of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for label-free spatial mapping of molecules in biological systems has been substantially enhanced through the development of high spatial resolution imaging approaches. However, the experimental throughput has become a limiting factor for imaging large samples and 3D imaging of tissues. To address this issue, several experimental and computational approaches have been recently developed to improve the throughput of MSI. These approaches focus on speeding up sampling, reducing mass spectrometer acquisition time, and minimizing the number of sampling locations. The rate-determining steps for different MSI methods and future directions in the development of high-throughput MSI techniques are discussed.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Murali Ragothaman, So Young Yoo
Summary: Bacteriophages have emerged as versatile tools in bioengineering, with enormous potential in tissue engineering, vaccine development, and immunotherapy. They can be harnessed for the development of novel DNA vaccines and antigen display systems, providing a highly organized and repetitive presentation of antigens to immune cells. Bacteriophages also have potential in targeting specific molecular determinants of cancer cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fernando Lopez-Campos, Pablo Gajate, Nuria Romero-Laorden, Juan Zafra-Martin, Manel Juan, Susana Hernando Polo, Antonio Conde Moreno, Felipe Counago
Summary: The use of immunotherapy has had a significant impact on cancer treatment, but it has not been as effective for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) due to the complex and immune-suppressive microenvironment of prostate cancer. Identifying molecular biomarkers for predicting treatment response is a key challenge. However, there are promising developments in immunotherapy treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors combinations, BiTE® immune therapies, and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) that may address this issue.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Steven David, Jennifer Tan, Shankar Siva, Lama Karroum, Peter Savas, Sherene Loi
Summary: Radiotherapy and immunotherapy are gaining attention in solid tumors, including breast cancer. Radiotherapy can activate immune response to treat distant untreated tumors. Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy is a non-invasive technique that provides high dose ablative treatment while sparing normal tissues.
Review
Immunology
Na-Kyeong Lee, Vinoth Kumar Kothandan, Sangeetha Kothandan, Youngro Byun, Seung-Rim Hwang
Summary: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial roles in tumor initiation, metastasis, and therapy resistance, while exosomes derived from CSCs (CSCEXs) have become a recent focus of research for their roles in transmitting information and influencing cancer progression. Understanding the functions of CSCEXs is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Review
Immunology
Quan Tang, Xian Peng, Bo Xu, Xuedong Zhou, Jing Chen, Lei Cheng
Summary: This review highlights the importance and potential of bacteria-based immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Through modern technologies like genetic engineering, bacteria can be modified to enhance tumor-targeting properties, immune modulation effect, and safety. Successful applications of engineered bacteria in cancer immunotherapy and potential opportunities in different cancer types are discussed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Wen Zhao, Lujia Jin, Peng Chen, Dingchang Li, Wenxing Gao, Guanglong Dong
Summary: Immunotherapy has become a major treatment method for metastatic or recurrent solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. In colorectal cancer patients, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based immunotherapy has shown satisfactory safety and efficacy. Other immunotherapies such as CAR-T cells and cancer vaccines have also contributed to the development of colorectal cancer treatment.
Article
Social Issues
Deniz Cemiloglu, Mohamed Basel Almourad, John McAlaney, Raian Ali
Summary: The concept of digital addiction has gained popularity in recent years, leading to a call for solutions to combat it, particularly among adolescents. Various countermeasures have been proposed, including psycho-social, software mediated, pharmacological, and combined approaches. While these countermeasures have shown effectiveness in reducing addictive digital use, inconsistent conceptualization of digital addiction and methodological weaknesses require further attention in future studies.
TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William G. J. Kerrison, Alexander T. J. Lee, Khin Thway, Robin L. Jones, Paul H. Huang
Summary: Immunotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma has become a popular and promising therapeutic strategy, with immune checkpoint inhibitors showing effectiveness in certain subtypes. Combination therapies have also shown enhanced response rates.
Review
Oncology
Hongna Sun, Junnan Xu, Shuang Dai, Yiwen Ma, Tao Sun
Summary: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and brain metastasis has a significant impact on patient survival and quality of life. Triple-negative breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer are more likely to develop brain metastases. Despite advancements in breast cancer treatment, brain metastases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Lack of clinical research often leads to exclusion of breast cancer patients with brain metastases from clinical trials. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer brain metastasis is crucial for effective treatment.
Article
Oncology
Steven P. Rowe, Martin G. Pomper
Summary: Molecular imaging, defined as visualizing, characterizing, and measuring biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels, has rapidly developed in recent years, with a particular focus on oncology for early detection and optimal disease management. The expansion of molecular imaging is driven by new animal models, sensitive imaging devices, high-throughput methods, genetic manipulation techniques, and cloud computing. Researchers and clinicians are utilizing molecular imaging for a variety of physiological processes, with a focus on oncology for its potential in detecting diseases at an early stage.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kerri A. Johannson, Nazia Chaudhuri, Ayodeji Adegunsoye, Paul J. Wolters
Summary: Fibrotic interstitial lung disease is a group of pulmonary disorders that are often progressive and associated with high morbidity and early mortality. Recent advancements have led to a better understanding and treatment of these diseases. Controversies and challenges exist, with evolving concepts being discussed as future research directions.
