Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
G. Scognamiglio, M. Klein, F. L. van de Hoef, N. C. Podaru, D. J. W. Mous
Summary: Two sub-MV accelerator mass spectrometers based on vacuum-insulated accelerators were designed, built, and tested by High Voltage Engineering Europa B.V. The first one is dedicated to C-14 measurements, while the second one is a multi-element system for Be-10, C-14, Al-26, and I-129 measurements. Both systems utilize permanent magnets for low- and high-energy mass analysis, with the capability to reduce system background and achieve high precision in C-14/C-12 ratio measurements.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Kejun Dong, Jiaqi Zhang, Sheng Xu
Summary: Experimental studies were conducted on using AlN as a potential target material to replace Al2O3, and it was found that the Mg element is still one of the main interference factors for low-energy Al-26-AMS.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiangfan Wang, Jinlong Fan, Wenliang Wang, Xiangbo Zhang, Lei Feng, Xiufang Zhai, Xiaopan Shen, Zhiming Li
Summary: Laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry (LRIMS) is a promising technology for eliminating isobaric interference in isotopic analysis. By optimizing the parameters of surface modification and electrodeposition, the deposition yield of tin in LRIMS measurement reached over 90% in a 3 x 0.7 mm spot. This technology can significantly improve the detection efficiency of LRIMS devices.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Klein, D. J. W. Mous, G. Scognamiglio
Summary: The HVE 4102Bo-AMS dedicated to C-14 analyses reduces measurement background by using a charge state selector. The measured blank C-14/C-12 level for solid samples corresponds to more than 60,000 radiocarbon years. Ion source memory tests showed a prompt decrease in C-14/C-12 ratio from OxII (1.58 x 10(-12)) to the next sample (1.2 x 10(-15)) followed by a 40-second decay time to the background level of 5 x 10(-16). The AMS system demonstrated its capability for biomedical/pharmaceutical applications with CO2 samples from blood plasma.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Natsuko Fujita, Masayasu Miyake, Akihiro Matsubara, Yoko Saito-Kokubu, Matthias Klein, Grazia Scognamiglio, Dirk J. W. Mous, Erickson L. Columna, Akiomi Shimada, Tsuneari Ishimaru
Summary: This paper introduces a new AMS system installed at the Tono Geoscience Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, which is capable of highly sensitive detection of isotopes such as 10Be, 14C, 26Al, and 129I. A comparison with the 5 MV Pelletron system is also provided.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. Chefai, M. Ben Khalifa, F. Khadri, K. Hammami
Summary: This study presents the first two-dimensional potential energy surface (2D-PES) for the C-5(X-1 sigma(+))-He((XS)-S-1) van der Waals system and calculates collisional rate coefficients, aiding in the accurate estimation of the abundance of the C-5 radical in the interstellar medium.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiaoqiang Liu, Mingxue Li, Xinkai Chen, Yiheng Zhao, Liyi Xiao, Yufeng Zhang
Summary: This paper presents a compact stacked RF energy harvester operating in the WiFi band with multi-condition adaptive energy management circuits. The proposed harvester demonstrates efficient energy conversion and can drive various devices at different distances using a home router as the transmitting source.
Article
Spectroscopy
Hongli Wang, Aiqing Zhao, Dapeng Yang, Rui Zheng
Summary: In this work, isotope effects for He-CO2 and Ne-CO2 complexes were studied through theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. Spectroscopic parameters were obtained for He/Ne-(CO2)-C-12-O-18 complexes, with predictions made for six isotopologues of Ne-CO2 complex. The results showed similarities between Ne-CO2 and Ar-CO2, with differences observed, especially in the rotational constants, for He-CO2.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Kejun Dong, Yunchao Lang, Sheng Xu
Summary: The AMS system at Tianjin University was installed in 2017 and is now in routine operations. Measurement and analysis have been completed for more than 500 samples of 10Be from different scientific fields. The method of 10Be measurement has been optimized and developed to reduce equipment risk during experiments.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
A. N. Zinoviev, P. Yu. Babenko
Summary: Our study has demonstrated that in collisions of p-He and p-Ar with energies above 50 keV, fast electrons take away up to 70% of the energy released during particle stopping as kinetic energy. Neglecting the contribution of fast electrons makes it impossible to reconcile independently measured cross sections of ionization, excitation, stripping, and charge exchange with measured cross sections of electronic stopping. The mean kinetic energies of emitted electrons, obtained from the analysis of cross-section ratios, are well in agreement with directly measured energy spectra.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Ruoxing Wang, Muhammad Afnan Ansari, Hammad Ahmed, Yan Li, Wenfeng Cai, Yanjun Liu, Songtao Li, Jianlong Liu, Li Li, Xianzhong Chen
Summary: Researchers have developed and demonstrated a compact high-resolution spectrometer with a multi-foci metalens, which uses wavelength and phase multiplexing to accurately map wavelength information to focal points on the same plane.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Cheriyan Ebenezer, Rajadurai Vijay Solomon
Summary: The study designed a series of POPhen ligands with different lengths of alkyl chains using DFT calculations, finding that the n-butyl substituted ligand exhibited better extraction capability and selectivity towards Am(III) ions. This work highlighted the ideal alkyl chain length (n-butyl) required for better binding and extraction capability of POPhen ligands, emphasizing the need for tailoring ligands with optimum alkyl chain for effective lanthanide/actinide separation.
Editorial Material
Optics
Kaixuan Ye, David Marpaung
Summary: The article discusses a new method for designing multiple microring resonators with large free spectral range and high intrinsic Q-factor, within the standard manufacturing process.
ADVANCED PHOTONICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yang Zhang, Hongyu Fan, Chunjie Niu, Yunqiu Cui, Weiyuan Ni, Weifeng Liu, Gunther Benstetter, Guangjiu Lei, Dongping Liu
Summary: The study observed the microscopic surface evolution of W crystals under low-energy He+ irradiations at 1050 K using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the He+ irradiation caused nanoscale undulations on the W (110) surface, with regions of less undulations dominating the microevolution of W crystals. Analysis indicated that the thermodynamic instability of irradiated W crystals was attributed to He nanobubble-driven surface growth.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Matthias D. Frontzek, Luke R. Sadergaski, Samantha K. Cary, Binod K. Rai
Summary: The magnetic structure of NpO2 remains unknown despite extensive research. In this study, we conducted a powder neutron diffraction experiment at low temperatures and high Q values to investigate the magnetic ordering in NpO2. However, no significant changes in the diffraction pattern were observed at 300 mK, 15 K, and 35 K.
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Richard F. Ott, Dirk Scherler, Karl W. Wegmann, Mitch K. D'Arcy, Richard J. Pope, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Marcus Christl, Christoph Vockenhuber, Tammy M. Rittenour
Summary: This study quantifies sediment supply in alluvial channels of Crete and finds that past climate changes had little effect on landscape-wide denudation rates but exerted a strong control on the aggradation-incision behavior.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Sarah Kamleitner, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Lucia Manatschal, Naki Akcar, Marcus Christl, Christof Vockenhuber, Irka Hajdas, Hans-Arno Synal
Summary: This study evaluates glacial landforms preserved within the former LGM Rhine glacier and the eastern lobes of the LGM Reuss glacier system to understand LGM glacier dynamics. Through geomorphological mapping and new dating techniques, it is determined that the Rhine and Reuss glaciers reached their LGM maximum positions around 26-22 ka and 25/24 +/- 2 ka respectively. The glaciers showed subsequent oscillations, with late LGM readvances occurring after 20.6 +/- 1.7 ka and 20.8 +/- 1.3 ka for the Rhine and Reuss glaciers. The results provide valuable insights into the glacial history of the Alpine forelands.
Article
Engineering, Geological
O. Adrian Pfiffner, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Zhasmin Mussina, Jordan Aaron, Olivia Steinemann, Christof Vockenhuber, Naki Akcar
Summary: The Tamins rock avalanche is located next to the Flims rock avalanche, the largest in the Alps. Its deposit forms a ridge across the Rhine Valley downstream of the confluence of the Vorderrhein and Hinterrhein rivers. The deposit shows signs of spreading and has an estimated age of 9420 +/- 880 years. The motion of the rock avalanche involved fragmentation and simple shearing, leading to the formation of extensional scarps. The friction angle along the sliding surface is estimated to be 10 degrees.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Marcus Christl, Philip Gautschi, Sascha Maxeiner, Arnold Milenko Mueller, Christof Vockenhuber, Hans-Arno Synal
Summary: Compact, low-energy accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has become one of the most sensitive, selective, and robust techniques for analyzing heavy and long-lived radionuclides. This study focuses on the analytical capabilities of the compact AMS system MILEA, specifically for 236U analyses. The setup for actinide analyses and the technical setup for 23xU/238U (x = 3, 6, 5) are discussed, followed by a detailed investigation of the background and sensitivity for 236U/238U. The results demonstrate that the ETH Zurich MILEA system is well-suited for fast, reliable, high-sensitivity, and nearly background-free analyses of 236U/238U in environmental samples.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Hans Fernandez-Navarro, Juan-Luis Garcia, Samuel U. Nussbaumer, Dmitry Tikhomirov, Francia Perez, Isabelle Gartner-Roer, Marcus Christl, Markus Egli
Summary: This study reconstructed glacier fluctuations during the latest Holocene using Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides (10Be) dating of boulders on moraines in central Chile. The findings reveal at least two maximum glacier advances by the Universidad Glacier in the 13th-16th centuries and the early to mid-19th century. These fluctuations were attributed to the equatorward shift of the Southern Westerly Winds (SWW), influenced by the long-term negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and associated humid and cold conditions in central Chile. The glacier chronology aligns with other regions, showing the culmination of the latest Holocene glacial maximum in the mid-19th century followed by accelerated ice loss in a warming world since the mid-20th century.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Beda A. Hofmann, Naki Akcar, Sonke Szidat, Pierre G. Valla, Marcus Christl, Christoph Vockenhuber, Twannberg Search Team
Summary: A strewn field of the Twannberg type IIG iron meteorite, similar to 10 km(2) in size, has been discovered in the Swiss Jura Mountains, 30 km northwest of Bern. Citizen scientists have been mapping the strewn field since 2006, finding over 2000 meteorite fragments with a total mass of 152.7 kg by the end of 2022. The Twannberg meteorite is a local time marker with a terrestrial age of approximately 176 ka and a minimum pre-atmospheric mass of around 250 t. The distribution of meteorites and glacially transported Alpine clasts in the area provide valuable information about ice levels and transport directions during MIS 6 and their interaction with post-LGM environmental conditions. The study suggests a high ice level during MIS 6 and possible effects of human activities since the Neolithic. The Twannberg strewn field has the potential to reveal more valuable information.
SWISS JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Amaneh Kaveh-Firouz, Jean-Pierre Burg, Negar Haghipour, Sanjay Kumar Mandal, Marcus Christl, Ali Mohammadi
Summary: The study focuses on the tectonic and climatic controls on landscape evolution in the NNW Iranian Plateau and west Alborz region. By analyzing erosion rates and topographic/climatic metrics, the researchers found that erosion rates were low in the Plateau and relatively high in the west Alborz, with sediment fluxes controlled by topographic parameters and surface uplift and active thrust-faulting in the respective regions. Climate had a secondary role in erosion rates. Exhumation rates were also calculated and showed an increase during the collision between Arabia and Eurasia. The study highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between tectonic and climatic factors in shaping landscapes.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Giulia Sinnl, Florian Adolphi, Marcus Christl, Kees C. Welten, Thomas Woodruff, Marc Caffee, Anders Svensson, Raimund Muscheler, Sune Olander Rasmussen
Summary: During the last glacial, Greenland experienced a cold stadial phase with two short warm interstadials. Greenland ice-core calcium data shows two periods of high atmospheric dust loading, which is not well understood. The Chinese Hulu Cave speleothems also exhibit an climate signal during the same time. Antarctic ice cores show a relative warming, interpreted as a counterpart to a cool phase in the Northern Hemisphere. New Be-10 datasets from Greenland and Antarctic ice cores are examined to test the agreement between different timescales. Evidence of an event similar to the Maunder Solar Minimum is found in the new Be-10 datasets, supporting a synchronization with the Chinese speleothem around 22 kyr b2k. The offset between the Greenland ice-core chronology and the Antarctic chronology is determined to be 125 +/- 40 years, and the offset between the speleothem and ice-core timescales is determined to be 375 years for GICC05 and 225 years for WD2014, respectively.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Cengiz Zabci, Taylan Sancar, Dmitry Tikhomirov, Susan Ivy-ochs, Christof Vockenhuber, Anke M. Friedrich, Muge Yazici, Naki Akcar
Summary: The active tectonics of Anatolia is characterized by its westward motion between the Hellenic subduction in the west and Arabia-Eurasia continental collision in the east. Recent studies indicate significant internal strain accumulation along the parallel/subparallel strike-slip faults. Using cosmogenic 36Cl dating, the slip rate of the Ovacik Fault is estimated to be 2.4 mm/a for NF1/NF1' and 2.8 mm/a for NF1/T2.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Robert Mulvaney, Eric W. Wolff, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Helene H. Hoffmann, Jack D. Humby, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Rachael H. Rhodes, Isobel F. Rowell, Frederic Parrenin, Loic Schmidely, Hubertus Fischer, Thomas F. Stocker, Marcus Christl, Raimund Muscheler, Amaelle Landais, Frederic Prie
Summary: We propose an age model for the Skytrain Ice Rise ice core in Antarctica, which includes aligning the core with the AICC2012 age model using tie points and applying the Paleochrono program. Methane and delta O-18(air) are used for ties in the gas phase, while Be-10 and ice chemistry related to dust transport are used in the ice phase. The model provides a good outcome up to about 605 m, with signs of flow disturbance and possible repeated ice sections beyond that.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhentao Liu, Zhaochu Luo, Ivan Shorubalko, Christof Vockenhuber, Laura J. Heyderman, Pietro Gambardella, Ales Hrabec
Summary: Strong, adjustable magnetic couplings are important for devices based on magnetic materials. This study demonstrates strong exchange-based coupling between arbitrarily shaped regions of a single ferrimagnetic layer by spatially patterning the compensation temperature. The coupling generates large lateral exchange coupling fields and can be used to control the switching of magnetically compensated dots with an electric current.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shan Xing, Chenyang Peng, Marcus Christl, Keliang Shi, Hans-Arno Synal, Xiaolin Hou
Summary: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a highly sensitive technique for measuring long-lived actinides. A new method was developed for simultaneous determination of transuranium nuclides (Np, Pu, Am, and Cm isotopes) using 300 kV AMS. The method uses sequential chemical separation and tracers for monitoring yield. The established method has high detection efficiency and has been successfully applied in nuclear forensic investigation.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Taisei Hayashi, Kensei Ichiba, Daisuke Nakauchi, Takumi Kato, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida
Summary: In this study, Cr-doped Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals with different doping levels were synthesized using the floating zone method, and their photoluminescence and scintillation properties were evaluated. The results showed that Cr-doped Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals exhibited broad emission bands in the near-infrared region and showed scintillation characteristics within specific wavelength ranges. Additionally, the samples with different Cr doping levels demonstrated different lower detection limits based on the dose rate response function.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Marouf, A. C. Chami, Y. Boudouma
Summary: This study develops a Monte Carlo simulation approach to describe proton-induced secondary electron emission in solids. Theoretical modeling based on the Mott's elastic scattering cross-section and Lindhard's dielectric function was used to calculate the double differential cross-section (DDCS) of excited electrons and describe electron transport in the medium. The results for aluminum show the angular and energy distributions of backscattered electrons for incident protons with energy below 25 keV at normal incidence, and the total electron emission yield also agrees well with available measurements.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Weipeng Yan, Baojun Duan, Zijian Zhu, Yan Song, Guzhou Song, Jiming Ma, Binkang Li, Yucheng Liu
Summary: This article reports on the scintillation performance of Lithium-doped 2D (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite single crystals synthesized at room temperature. The crystals exhibit fast decay time, high light yield, and high spatial resolution, making them highly promising for medical diagnostic applications.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. B. Vishwakarma, S. K. Dubey, R. L. Dubey, I. Sulania, D. Kanjilal
Summary: Investigations have been conducted on the implanted SiO2 thin film after thermal annealing using various analytical techniques. The results revealed the absence of vacancy defects, variations in vibrational modes and the formation of new structures. The photoluminescence intensity of the annealed SiO2 samples was higher, with a decrease in non-radiative defect centers and an increase in radiative Si:SiO2 interface states. Additionally, the presence of silicon nanoclusters formed after annealing resulted in an additional radiative recombination peak. Furthermore, the formation of new SiOx structures was observed after thermal annealing.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Koshimizu, S. Kurashima, A. Kimura, M. Taguchi
Summary: By observing the scintillation time profiles of CeF3 under irradiations of pulsed beams with different LETs, we found that the initial decay was faster for higher LET, which is consistent with previous studies on other self-activated scintillators. This faster decay at higher LET can be explained by the competition between the scintillation caused by 5d-4f transition of Ce3+ ions and quenching due to the interaction between excited Ce3+ ions close to each other.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Junjie Shi, Jianhong Hao, Fang Zhang, Qiang Zhao, Bixi Xue, Jieqing Fan, Zhiwei Dong
Summary: This study examined the neutralization process and beam quality of a hydrogen beam by emitting negative hydrogen ions to a hydrogen target. The findings showed that the neutralization efficiency was influenced by variables such as the transport distance, energy, and target gas density. However, the maximal neutralization efficiency was not affected by the density of the target gas or the energy of the negative hydrogen ions.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
