4.8 Article

Competition between Hexagonal and Tetragonal Hexabromobenzene Packing on Au(111)

Journal

ACS NANO
Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 3198-3205

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04970

Keywords

halogen bonding; molecular arrangement; Au(111)-22x root 3; LT-STM; DFT calculations

Funding

  1. NRF-CRP grant Graphene and Related Materials and Devices [R-143-000-360-281]
  2. NRF-CRP grant Novel 2D Materials with Tailored Properties Beyond Graphene [R-144-000-295-281]
  3. Central South University
  4. Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB07030100]
  5. NSF of China [11304398, 61306114, 11334014, 51173205]

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Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope investigations reveal that hexabromobenzene (HBB) molecules arrange in either hexagonally closely packed (hcp) (sic) or tetragonal (sic) structure on Au(111) dependent on a small substrate temperature difference around 300 K. The underlying mechanism is investigated by density functional theory calculations, which reveal that substrate-mediated intermolecular noncovalent C-Br...Br-C attractions induce hcp HBB islands, keeping the well-known Au(111)-22x root 3 reconstruction intact. Upon deposition at 330 K, HBB molecules trap freely diffusing Au adatoms to form tetragonal islands. This enhances the attraction between HBB and Au(111) but partially reduces the intermolecular C-Br...Br-C attractions, altering the Au(111)-22X root 3 reconstruction. In both cases, the HBB molecule adsorbs on a bridge site, forming a similar to 15 degrees angle between the C-Br direction and [11 (2) over bar](Au), indicating the site-specific molecule-substrate interactions. We show that the competition between intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions determines molecule packing at the subnanometer scale, which will be helpful for crystal engineering, functional materials, and organic electronics.

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