Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carolina Di Fabrizio, Veronica Giorgione, Asma Khalil, Colin E. Murdoch
Summary: Human pregnancy can be affected by various pathologies, including gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders, which can have severe consequences. Health issues during pregnancy and postpartum contribute significantly to maternal mortality and morbidity. This review focuses on the latest evidence on oxidative stress in pregnancy complications, early diagnosis, and potential therapies.
Article
Business, Finance
Dmitry Vedenov, Gabriel J. Power
Summary: Hedging decisions in the real world often contradict the literature. We found that minimizing a downside risk criterion leads to consistently better outcomes for hedgers than variance minimization (MV), especially in scenarios corresponding to strong upward or downward price movements.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(2022)
News Item
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alessandro Pastore
Summary: Bayesian statistics allows for the averaging of multiple models to describe mass measurements of zirconium, providing a way to test the validity of theoretical models through comparison with experimental data.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Philip R. Krause, Thomas R. Fleming, Ira M. Longini, Richard Peto, Valerie Beral, Balram Bhargava, Alejandro Cravioto, Jakob P. Cramer, Susan S. Ellenberg, J. Peter Figueroa, Elizabeth Halloran, Ana M. Henao-Restrepo, Michael J. Ryan, Myron M. Levine, Martha Nason, Hanna M. Nohynek, Stanley Plotkin, Helen Rees, Jerome A. Singh, Soumya Swaminathan
Summary: Continued follow-up of placebo recipients, use of placebo controls in large safety trials, and evaluation of clinical data from randomized trials can address important Covid-19 control needs.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Marcus Jones, Marin Harbur, Ken J. Moore
Summary: Plot size significantly impacts variation in agronomic field trials, with larger plots reducing variability. Optimizing trial design using uniformity-trial statistics can decrease the number of replicates needed and enhance efficiency in field trials.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elizabeth J. de Koster, Taban Sulaiman, Jaap F. Hamming, Abbey Schepers, Marieke Snel, Floris H. P. van Velden, Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei, Dennis Vriens
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated posttherapy I-131 whole-body scintigraphy data in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, finding associations between different surgical approaches and tumor characteristics with treatment outcomes. Pre-ablative diagnostic scintigraphy may help optimize individualized treatment strategies for patients.
Review
Business
William L. Gardner
Summary: Thought experiments, defined as judgments about the consequences of an imagined scenario, have proven to be valuable methodological tools in various fields but are underutilized in organizational behavior research. The authors propose a taxonomy of thought experiments and provide a decision-tree for their application. They also offer best-practice recommendations and explore how these could enhance the theory generated in previous conceptual articles.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Robin J. Boyd, Gary D. Powney, Oliver L. Pescott
Summary: In most cases, probability sampling is necessary for unbiased inference about population quantities. However, nonprobability samples are becoming popular in the era of big data, although they can lead to misleading conclusions and may have smaller effective sizes than expected. Despite recent controversies, nonprobability samples can still be useful if their limitations are acknowledged, mitigated, and communicated clearly, and ecologists can learn from other disciplines in this regard.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Khawaja M. Talha, Harriette G. C. Van Spall, Stephen J. Greene, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Sadiya S. Khan, Nicholas L. Mills, Ziad A. Ali, Robert J. Mentz, Gregg C. Fonarow, Sunil Rao, John A. Spertus, Matthew T. Roe, Stefan D. Anker, Stefan K. James, Javed Butler, Darren K. McGuire
Summary: Embedding RCTs into electronic health records or wearable sensors can simplify trial processes. The use of web-enabled devices and internet connectivity enables data collection on cardiovascular health. Robust mechanisms and standardized data definitions are needed to capture data from different databases. Clinical research guidelines, ethics oversight, and regulatory requirements need to adapt. This review discusses the potential of routinely generated data for RCTs.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Social Issues
Adam C. G. Cooper, Laurent Liote, Chloe Colomer
Summary: The governance of engineering is seldom discussed in academia, unlike science. In this study, we compare the prevalence of the term 'engineering policy' with 'science policy' to demonstrate the differential treatment of these concepts within and outside of the academy. Our analysis shows that there is significantly less academic inquiry on 'engineering policy' compared to 'science policy'. Additionally, engineering is marginalized in critical social science domains such as Science and Technology Studies. We also address the lack of visibility of engineering policy in practice communities and highlight how engineering and policy for engineering remain sidelined in policy practice, using the UK government and governance communities as an example. Given the importance of engineering to society, the scarcity of research and critical scrutiny on engineering policy, we propose a research and action agenda to stimulate action and bring together stakeholders to address this issue urgently.
TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Biological
Gerd Gigerenzer
Summary: Research practice is often influenced by routines rather than introspection, leading to inappropriate generalizations. The routine of sampling subjects without considering stimuli likely stems from administrative concerns rather than scientific considerations. The practice of sampling subjects and testing their averages for significance is reinforced by misconceptions about its importance, including the misconception of replicability.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
David Nutt, Meg Spriggs, David Erritzoe
Summary: Psychedelic therapy is an exciting new development in psychiatry, offering a radical approach to treatment and challenging traditional diagnostic and symptom-specific methods. While there is a significant investment in this field, it is crucial for new research to be grounded in established facts and reflect current knowledge.
Article
Business
Maria Iborra, Marta Riera
Summary: Corporate social irresponsibility is a significant concern for managers and researchers. This comprehensive literature review examines 155 studies published from 1962 to 2020, analyzing the antecedents, outcomes, mediators, and moderators of CSI at different levels of analysis. The study contributes to the literature by identifying facilitators and inhibitors of CSI and examining their consequences for firms. The review also provides guidance for future research by evaluating the core elements of irresponsibility-harm to others and intentionality.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Lisa Campo-Engelstein
Summary: In the past two decades, genital transplants have become a type of quality-of-life transplant. Successful allogenic transplantations of various organs have been reported, except for clitoris transplantation. This paper examines the influence of gender norms on surgical advancements and points out that current genital transplantations align with dominant gender norms, but the absence of clitoris transplantation reflects sexism and the devaluation of women's sexual pleasure.
Article
Management
Konstantinos Nikolopoulos
Summary: Operational Research (OR) is the science of improvement, driving decisions based on forecasting. More focus has been put on modeling fast-moving time series, but intermittent demand forecasting methods are argued as a simpler and faster alternative. A novel way of deciding strategic planning horizon is proposed for phenomena prone to special events.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
