Review
Oncology
Elisa Catafal-Tardos, Maria Virginia Baglioni, Vasileios Bekiaris
Summary: Conventional T cells express ICRs to regulate activation, but tumors promote chronic ICR expression, leading to T cell exhaustion. CPI therapy targets ICRs to restore T cell activation. Unconventional T cell populations, such as gamma delta T, MAIT, and NKT cells, are gaining importance in anti-tumor immunity, but their response to CPI therapy and potential exhaustion remain poorly understood.
Article
Immunology
Yunsheng Dou, Shiwen Shan, Jian Zhang
Summary: Unconventional T cell subpopulations recognize various non-polymorphic antigen-presenting molecules and are characterized by simplified T cell receptor patterns and rapid effector responses. UcTCRdb is a database that contains 669,900 unconventional T cell receptor sequences collected from different studies in humans, mice, and cattle. It provides interactive browsing of T cell receptor features, sequence search and download, and integrated analysis tools for studying unconventional T cell receptor patterns.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Emilie Barsac, Carolina de Amat Herbozo, Loic Gonzalez, Thomas Baranek, Thierry Mallevaey, Christophe Paget
Summary: This review highlights the emerging role of unconventional T cells in tumor immunity, focusing on their protumoral functions and the factors in the tumor microenvironment shaping and controlling these deleterious properties. Unconventional T cells like gamma delta T cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells span the innate-adaptive continuum and possess unique abilities to rapidly react to nonpeptide antigens. The potential therapeutic implications of targeting these unconventional T cell subsets in solid cancers are discussed, along with the need for further feasibility studies in this area.
Review
Physiology
Erik D. Hanson, Lauren C. Bates, David B. Bartlett, John P. Campbell
Summary: Unconventional T cells play a key role in linking innate and adaptive immunity, responding to infections and tumor suppression. Aging and chronic diseases negatively impact the numbers and function of these cells, with physical activity potentially offering a way to boost unconventional T cells. Acute exercise mobilizes immune cells and exercise training can lead to anti-inflammatory effects and improved fitness.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Mengfei Lv, Zhaolong Zhang, Yu Cui
Summary: This review focuses on the interaction between peripheral immune cells and the brain, specifically investigating the complex functions of unconventional T cells in brain homeostasis and various brain disorders. The roles and mechanisms of unconventional T cells in regulating brain injury and neurodegeneration are summarized, and potential immunotherapeutic approaches and future research goals are discussed. Understanding these processes is important for elucidating the regulation of T cell immunity in brain homeostasis and diseases and for developing new therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Miaomiao Wu, Qianling Jiang, Ali Nazmi, Jie Yin, Guan Yang
Summary: Pigs are important domestic livestock and studying their immune system is crucial for improving swine vaccine efficacy. Pig models are excellent for immunological studies due to their similarities to humans. Unconventional T cells are a critical component of the porcine immune system and show distinct characteristics compared to conventional T cells.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
J. C. Andreu-Ballester, M. A. Arribas, M. Rico, C. Garcia-Ballesteros, L. Galindo-Regal, R. Sorando-Serra, L. Albert, A. Navarro, F. Lopez-Chulia, F. Peydro, C. Cuellar
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in γδT cell count and the progression of sepsis. The results showed that the number of γδT cells decreased with the severity of sepsis, particularly in non-surviving patients, while cell apoptosis increased.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Niraj Parihar, Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
Summary: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that occurs when genetically predisposed individuals consume gluten, causing an immune response and enteropathy symptoms. The only treatment currently available is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Unconventional T cells, such as iNKT, MAIT, and γδ T cells, play a crucial role in regulating mucosal barrier function and are affected in diseased conditions, suggesting their potential as a therapeutic target for celiac disease.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ao Ren, Wenjing He, Jiawei Rao, Dongmei Ye, Pengrui Cheng, Qian Jian, Zongli Fu, Xuzhi Zhang, Ronghai Deng, Yifang Gao, Yi Ma
Summary: This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze immune cells from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and healthy controls, revealing fibrosis-associated macrophages and mucosal-associated invariant T cells that play important roles in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Iris de Weerdt, Roeland Lameris, Jurjen M. Ruben, Renate de Boer, Jan Kloosterman, Lisa A. King, Mark-David Levin, Paul W. H. Parren, Tanja D. de Gruijl, Arnon P. Kater, Hans J. van der Vliet
Summary: Progress in autologous T cell-based therapy for B-cell malignancies has been notable, but application in CLL has faced challenges due to low response rates and high toxicity, particularly in elderly CLL patients. V gamma 9V delta 2-T cells show promise due to their ability to be triggered by phosphoantigens overproduced by CLL cells, and specific activation using a bispecific antibody may improve efficacy and toxicity of therapy in CLL. Our study demonstrated that a CD1d-specific V gamma 9V delta 2-T cell engager can effectively activate and degranulate V gamma 9V delta 2-T cells, leading to lysis of autologous leukemic cells in patients with CLL.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Weihong Gu, Darling Melany C. Madrid, Sebastian Joyce, John P. Driver
Summary: In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was used to create a cell atlas of the early-adolescent pig thymus, revealing conserved features and species-specific differences compared to human thymocytes. The study also identified unconventional T cell types with gene expression profiles associated with innate effector functions and characterized the functional diversity of pig iNKT cells. These findings provide important insights into pig T cell development.
Letter
Cell Biology
Yoshinobu Matsuo, Takahiro Tsujimura, Hans G. Drexler
Summary: NKT cells can be classified into alpha beta or gamma delta type based on TCR gene expression. WHO did not further subdivide NKT-cell malignancies based on TCR types. Gamma delta T-cells, stimulated by Zoledronic acid, have distinct features compared to alpha beta NKT-cells, and should be classified as gamma delta NKT-cells to differentiate them clearly.
Review
Immunology
Ayako Kurioka, Paul Klenerman
Summary: Unconventional T cells, including gamma delta T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells, are distinct from conventional T cells in their recognition of non-peptide ligands presented by non-polymorphic antigen presenting molecules and rapid preprogrammed effector functions. This review examines the impact of aging on unconventional T cells in both mice and humans, from early life to old age. The role of unconventional T cells in age-associated diseases and infections is then discussed, with a focus on similarities among members of this T cell family in the context of aging.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Oluwatomi Ibidapo-Obe, Tony Bruns
Summary: Chronic liver disease is caused by the coordinated response of innate and adaptive immunity components to liver tissue damage. The recruitment, positioning, and activation of immune cells can lead to hepatic cell death, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. The translocation of bacterial components from the intestine to other tissues contributes to persistent inflammation, immune dysfunction, and microbial infection.
Review
Oncology
Benjamin Ruf, Tim F. Greten, Firouzeh Korangy
Summary: Immunotherapies targeting conventional T cells have greatly improved cancer treatment, but only a subset of patients benefit. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and innate-like T cells (ILTCs) play critical roles in various types of cancers by bridging innate and adaptive immunity. This review outlines the characteristics of ILCs and ILTCs, their emerging role in antitumour immunity, and the mechanisms underlying their pro-tumorigenic function. The authors also discuss the potential of targeting ILCs and ILTCs in cancer immunotherapy.
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
(2023)
Letter
Respiratory System
William M. Oldham, Edward Hess, Stephen W. Waldo, Marc Humbert, Gaurav Choudhary, Bradley A. Maron
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
William M. Oldham, Anna R. Hemnes, Micheala A. Aldred, John Barnard, Evan L. Brittain, Stephen Y. Chan, Feixiong Cheng, Michael H. Cho, Ankit A. Desai, Joe G. N. Garcia, Mark W. Geraci, Susan D. Ghiassian, Kathryn T. Hall, Evelyn M. Horn, Mohit Jain, Rachel S. Kelly, Jane A. Leopold, Sara Lindstrom, Brian D. Modena, William C. Nichols, Christopher J. Rhodes, Wei Sun, Andrew J. Sweatt, Rebecca R. Vanderpool, Martin R. Wilkins, Beth Wilmot, Roham T. Zamanian, Joshua P. Fessel, Neil R. Aggarwal, Joseph Loscalzo, Lei Xiao
Summary: The workshop focused on the application of pulmonary vascular disease omics data, aiming to understand, prevent, and treat the disease. Experts identified research priorities such as developing analytic methods, identifying molecular pathways, and linking clinical outcomes, suggesting support for interdisciplinary research teams and a national effort to coordinate biosamples and data.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Stephanie Torrino, Eloise M. Grasset, Stephane Audebert, Ilyes Belhadj, Caroline Lacoux, Meagan Haynes, Sabrina Pisano, Sophie Abelanet, Frederic Brau, Stephen Y. Chan, Bernard Mari, William M. Oldham, Andrew J. Ewald, Thomas Bertero
Summary: In this study, it was found that breast cancer cells respond to mechanical signals by rewiring glutamine metabolism to promote microtubule glutamylation and enhance microtubule stability, thereby promoting cell invasion. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism affects microtubule stability, while reducing microtubule glutamylation weakens cancer aggressiveness.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jeong H. Yun, ChangHee Lee, Tao Liu, Siqi Liu, Edy Y. Kim, Shuang Xu, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Luca Pinello, Russell P. Bowler, Edwin K. Silverman, Craig P. Hersh, Xiaobo Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the role of the HH1P gene in inflammation in COPD using Hhip(+/-) mice and found that these mice developed persistent inflammation and increased interaction with CD8(+) T lymphocytes, providing insight into the mechanisms underlying amplified lymphocytic inflammation in COPD.
Editorial Material
Biology
Edy Kim
Summary: In the midst of the pandemic in a Boston hospital, the next generation of clinical leaders advocated for a groundbreaking shift in sharing internal guidelines for treating COVID-19 patients.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christoph Steiger, Nhi Phan, Hen-Wei Huang, Haoying Sun, Jacqueline N. Chu, Daniel Reker, Declan Gwynne, Joy Collins, Siddartha Tamang, Rebecca McManus, Aaron Lopes, Alison Hayward, Rebecca M. Baron, Edy Y. Kim, Giovanni Traverso
Summary: Continuous monitoring in the intensive care setting has improved the ability to respond to critically ill patients. Gastric fluid accessed through nasogastric tubes can provide access to a broad range of biomarkers for evaluation and clinical management.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Huamei He, Ryan M. Mulhern, William M. Oldham, Wusheng Xiao, Yi-Dong Lin, Ronglih Liao, Joseph Loscalzo
Summary: This study found that L2HG accumulation can protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury by counteracting reductive stress and shifting glucose flux. The accumulation of L2HG enhances cellular reducing potential, eliminates reactive oxygen species, attenuates oxidative injury and myocardial infarction, and improves cardiac function.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Margarete Diaz-Cuadros, Teemu P. Miettinen, Owen S. Skinner, Dylan Sheedy, Carlos Manlio Diaz-Garcia, Svetlana Gapon, Alexis Hubaud, Gary Yellen, Scott R. Manalis, William M. Oldham, Olivier Pourquie
Summary: Animals display inter-species variation in embryonic development rates, with differences in biochemical reaction rates being thought responsible for species-specific rates. This study establishes an in vitro system using pluripotent stem cells to simulate the twofold difference in developmental rates between mouse and human embryos. The mass-specific metabolic rates were found to scale with developmental rate, higher in mouse cells than in human cells. Manipulating metabolic rates could control developmental rate and have translational applications.
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bradley A. Maron, Rui-Sheng Wang, Sergei Shevtsov, Stavros G. Drakos, Elena Arons, Omar Wever-Pinzon, Gordon S. Huggins, Andriy O. Samokhin, William M. Oldham, Yasmine Aguib, Magdi H. Yacoub, Ethan J. Rowin, Barry J. Maron, Martin S. Maron, Joseph Loscalzo
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bradley M. Wertheim, Rui-Sheng Wang, Christelle Guillermier, Christiane V. R. Huetter, William M. Oldham, Joerg Menche, Matthew L. Steinhauser, Bradley A. Maron
Summary: In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), there is an inflammation-promoted fibroproliferative pulmonary vasculopathy. This study analyzed the transcriptome of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) in PAH and integrated the data with human gene ontology pathways. The analysis showed that glucose and proline pathways are functionally relevant in PAH pathobiology, and this observation was validated using imaging mass spectrometry to map and quantify glucose and proline utilization in the PAH pulmonary vasculature. This study reveals that anabolic utilization of glucose and proline is fundamental in the vascular pathology of PAH.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rui-Sheng Wang, Shi Huang, Stephen W. Waldo, Edward Hess, Madhura Gokhale, Shelsey W. Johnson, Katarina Zeder, Gaurav Choudhary, Jane A. Leopold, William M. Oldham, Gabor Kovacs, Matthew S. Freiberg, Ryan J. Tedford, Bradley A. Maron, Evan L. Brittain
Summary: This study aims to identify clinical markers and therapeutic targets that inform survival in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The results suggest that elevated pulmonary arterial compliance (PAC) greater than 3.0 ml/mmHg is associated with improved survival, especially in patients with precapillary PH.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Margarete Diaz-Cuadros, Teemu P. Miettinen, Owen S. Skinner, Dylan Sheedy, Carlos Manlio Diaz-Garcia, Svetlana Gapon, Alexis Hubaud, Gary Yellen, Scott R. Manalis, William M. Oldham, Olivier Pourquie
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
D. R. Ziehr, J. Loscalzo, R. S. Knipe, W. M. Oldham
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
C. Sauer, J. Gomez, M. Ruiz Botella, D. R. Ziehr, W. M. Oldham, G. Gavidia, A. Rodriguez, P. Elbers, A. Girbes, M. Bodi, L. Celi
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Inderjit Singh, Rudolf K. F. Oliveira, Robert Naeije, William M. Oldham, Mariana Faria-Urbina, Aaron B. Waxman, David M. Systrom
Summary: The study found that systemic vascular distensibility was reduced in CTD patients during exercise compared to controls, which was associated with limited stroke volume augmentation. Furthermore, reduced systemic vascular distensibility was correlated with decreased exercise capacity (pVO(2)) and systemic oxygen extraction in patients with CTD without cardiopulmonary disease.
