An electrochemical aptasensor based on gold@polypyrrole composites for detection of lead ions

This work describes an electrochemical aptasensor for determination of lead ions (Pb2+). Composites prepared from gold nanoparticles and polypyrrole (Au@PPy) with good electrical conductivity were used to modify the surface of a screen printed carbon electrode for amplifying thecurrent signal. Single strand DNA was immobilized on the electrode and binds lead(II) as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry at voltage of -0.2V similar to 0.6V. Differential pulse voltammetry, measured at 0.10V (vs. Ag/AgCl), was used to monitor the interaction between aptamer and lead(II) using hexacyanoferrate as an electrochemical probe. In the presence of Pb2+, the aptamer forms a G-quadruplex, and the peak current is increased. By this method, Pb2+ can be detected in the range of 0.5-10nM with a low detection limit of 0.36nM. The aptasensor was successfully applied to the determination of Pb2+ in polluted soil and baby's nail. The method showed outstanding sensitivity and selectivity in detecting Pb2+, therefore is considered to have great potential in developing an environmental monitoring platform.