Journal
MATHEMATICAL FINANCE
Volume 29, Issue 3, Pages 928-966Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mafi.12196
Keywords
asymptotic expansions; implied volatility asymptotics; multifactor stochastic volatility; VIX options
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Funding
- People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/under REA grant [289032]
- Danish Council for Independent Research [DFF6109-00056]
- Chair Financial Risks of the Risk Foundation, under the aegis of Louis Bachelier Finance and Sustainable Growth laboratory [ANR11-LABX-0019]
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We consider a modeling setup where the volatility index (VIX) dynamics are explicitly computable as a smooth transformation of a purely diffusive, multidimensional Markov process. The framework is general enough to embed many popular stochastic volatility models. We develop closed-form expansions and sharp error bounds for VIX futures, options, and implied volatilities. In particular, we derive exact asymptotic results for VIX-implied volatilities, and their sensitivities, in the joint limit of short time-to-maturity and small log-moneyness. The expansions obtained are explicit based on elementary functions and they neatly uncover how the VIX skew depends on the specific choice of the volatility and the vol-of-vol processes. Our results are based on perturbation techniques applied to the infinitesimal generator of the underlying process. This methodology has previously been adopted to derive approximations of equity (SPX) options. However, the generalizations needed to cover the case of VIX options are by no means straightforward as the dynamics of the underlying VIX futures are not explicitly known. To illustrate the accuracy of our technique, we provide numerical implementations for a selection of model specifications.
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