Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 8, Issue 47, Pages 32341-32348Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11500
Keywords
lithium-ion battery; anode material; binder-free anode; biorenewable; silicon-carbon composite; lignin
Funding
- National Science Foundation [1355438]
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This work demonstrates a high-performance and durable silicon nanoparticle-based negative electrode in which conventional polymer binder and carbon black additive are replaced with lignin. The mixture of silicon nanoparticles and lignin, a low cost, renewable, and widely available biopolymer, was coated on a copper substrate using the conventional slurry mixing and coating method and subsequently heat-treated to form the composite electrode. The composite electrode showed excellent electrochemical performance with an initial discharge capacity of up to 3086 mAh g(-1) and retaining 2378 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles at 1 A g(-1). Even at a relatively high areal loading of similar to 1 mg cm(-2), an areal capacity of similar to 2 mAh cm(-2) was achieved. The composite electrode also displayed excellent rate capability and performance in a full-cell setup. Through synergistic analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman, and nanoindentation experiment results, we attribute the amazing properties of Si/lignin electrodes to the judicious choice of heat treatment temperature at 600 degrees C. At this temperature, lignin undergoes complex compositional change during which a balance between development of conductivity and retaining of polymer flexibility is realized. We hope this work could lead to practicable silicon-based negative electrodes and stimulate the interest in the utilization of biorenewable resources in advanced energy applications.
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