Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tao Xiong, Yan Yue, Wen-Xing Li, Imti Choonara, Shamim Qazi, Hong-Ju Chen, Jun Tang, Jing Shi, Hua Wang, Li-Nan Zeng, Bin Xia, Li-Na Qiao, Yi Qu, De-Zhi Mu
Summary: The effectiveness of azithromycin mass drug administration on controlling trachoma is closely related to the baseline prevalence in districts. The World Health Organization's recommendation for annual MDA for 3 to 5 years in districts with TF baseline >10.0% may not be suitable for all eligible districts.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Harry Pickering, Ambahun Chernet, Eshetu Sata, Mulat Zerihun, Charlotte A. Williams, Judith Breuer, Andrew W. Nute, Mahteme Haile, Taye Zeru, Zerihun Tadesse, Robin L. Bailey, E. Kelly Callahan, Martin J. Holland, Scott D. Nash
Summary: Whole-genome sequencing of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis from Amhara, Ethiopia found no evidence of macrolide resistance, despite 5 years of trachoma control interventions, including mass distribution of azithromycin. Polymorphisms in ompA were associated with the prevalence of ocular infection and trachomatous disease.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Obiageli Jovita Okolie, Uzoma Igwe, Sanda Umar Ismail, Uzairue Leonard Ighodalo, Emmanuel C. Adukwu
Summary: Surveillance is a useful tool for tracking antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends, patterns, therapeutic and policy interventions. This comprehensive review aims to identify, classify and assess gaps in Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) reporting and national action plan (NAP) implementation in Africa.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Abdou Amza, Boubacar Kadri, Beido Nassirou, Ahmed M. Arzika, Ariana Austin, Fanice Nyatigo, Elodie Lebas, Benjamin F. Arnold, Thomas M. Lietman, Catherine E. Oldenburg
Summary: The ARRET study aims to evaluate whether mass azithromycin distribution can be stopped in districts with TF prevalence under 20%, and compare the impact of stopping distribution versus continuing distribution on trachoma prevalence and transmission.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Hitoshi Honda, Takao Goto, Yuki Uehara, Akane Takamatsu
Summary: A systematic review was conducted to assess the impact of the Japanese national action plan (NAP) for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the current state of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) in Japan. Eighty studies were included, indicating that the NAP promoted research into ASPs. A few studies showed a positive impact of the NAP on antimicrobial consumption, but more high-quality studies are needed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rebecca A. Gladstone, Ebrima Bojang, John Hart, Emma M. Harding-Esch, David Mabey, Ansumana Sillah, Robin L. Bailey, Sarah E. Burr, Anna Roca, Stephen D. Bentley, Martin J. Holland
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of mass drug administration with azithromycin on Streptococcus pneumoniae. The results showed an increase in resistance after treatment, but overall had little effect on the population structure. Therefore, there is a need for increased antimicrobial resistance surveillance in treated villages.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Arman Mosenia, Berhan A. Haile, Ayalew Shiferaw, Sintayehu Gebresillasie, Teshome Gebre, Mulat Zerihun, Zerihun Tadesse, Paul M. Emerson, E. Kelly Callahan, Zhaoxia Zhou, Thomas M. Lietman, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: The prevalence of ocular chlamydia is significantly higher in communities closer to untreated communities after mass azithromycin distributions. This suggests that nearby untreated communities may serve as a reservoir for chlamydia reinfection in treated communities.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anthony W. Solomon, Matthew J. Burton, Emily W. Gower, Emma M. Harding-Esch, Catherine E. Oldenburg, Hugh R. Taylors, Lamine Traore
Summary: Trachoma, caused by infection with conjunctival strains of Chlamydia trachomatis, is a neglected tropical disease that can lead to blindness. It is composed of two chronic processes, requiring distinct clinical and public health responses. The disease is most prevalent in poor communities of low-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Surgery, antibiotic treatment, and interventions focused on hygiene and environmental improvement have made considerable progress in reducing infection and transmission.
NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Harry Pickering, Athumani M. M. Ramadhani, Patrick Massae, Elias Mafuru, Aiweda Malisa, Kelvin Mbuya, William Makupa, Tara Mtuy, Tamsyn Derrick, Joanna Houghton, Robin L. L. Bailey, David C. W. Mabey, Matthew J. J. Burton, Martin J. J. Holland
Summary: This study investigated the changes in the ocular microbiome in children with trachoma. The results showed that mass drug administration with azithromycin effectively cleared C. trachomatis infection and reduced other non-chlamydial ocular pathogens, promoting restoration of a normal ocular microbiome.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hamidah Mahmud, Berhan A. Haile, Zerihun Tadesse, Sintayehu Gebresillasie, Ayalew Shiferaw, Mulat Zerihun, Zijun Liu, E. Kelly Callahan, Sun Y. Cotter, Nicole E. Varnado, Catherine E. Oldenburg, Travis C. Porco, Thomas M. Lietman, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: The prevalence of ocular chlamydial infection among children in Ethiopia did not differ when azithromycin treatments were targeted to preschool children versus households with a child with active trachoma. Targeting treatments to those most likely to be infected could reduce unnecessary antibiotic distribution.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Charlie C. C. Luchen, Mwelwa Chibuye, Rene Spijker, Michelo Simuyandi, Caroline Chisenga, Samuel Bosomprah, Roma Chilengi, Constance Schultsz, Daniel R. R. Mende, Vanessa C. C. Harris
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the risks of antibiotic use and the impact on gut bacteria in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The study found that antibiotics generally reduced the diversity of bacterial species in the gut and increased the abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in children in LMICs. These findings suggest that antibiotic use may adversely affect the health of children in LMICs by placing them at higher risk of antimicrobial-resistant infections. Rating: 8/10
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anu Kantele, Tinja Laaveri
Summary: Antibiotic treatment for diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in travellers' diarrhoea is becoming less effective, with increasing proportions of ESBL-producing DEC and resistance to various antibiotics.
JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Qian Zhou, Jingwei Liu, Shaochun Chen, Wenqi Xu, Yan Han, Yueping Yin
Summary: The meta-analysis shows that the C2611T mutation in the 23S rRNA of N. gonorrhoeae is valuable for molecular diagnostics of moderate-level azithromycin resistance, particularly when the moderate level is set at 4-128 mg/L. This rapid molecular detection method can be used for rapid identification of drug-resistant isolates in clinical settings.
Article
Immunology
Emily Rowlinson, Olusegun O. Soge, James P. Hughes, Anna Berzkalns, Christina Thibault, Roxanne P. Kerani, Christine M. Khosropour, Lisa E. Manhart, Matthew R. Golden, Lindley A. Barbee
Summary: Recent individual-level azithromycin treatment is associated with subsequent azithromycin-resistant gonococcal infections, possibly due to the long half-life and persistence of subtherapeutic levels of azithromycin resulting in the selection of resistant strains.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Chien-Shun Chiou, Yu-Ping Hong, You-Wun Wang, Bo-Han Chen, Ru-Hsiou Teng, Hui-Yung Song, Ying-Shu Liao
Summary: This study investigated antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from humans in Taiwan and identified the genetic determinants of azithromycin resistance. The study revealed that nearly half of the isolates were multidrug-resistant and 20% were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The rate of azithromycin resistance in Taiwan's NTS isolates was higher than that in the United States and Europe. The study also found that azithromycin resistance was primarily mediated by mph(A), erm(42), erm(B), and ramAp, which are frequently carried on mobile genetic elements, indicating a potential dissemination of these resistance determinants among different bacterial pathogens.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
John M. Nesemann, Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque, Alvaro Quincho-Lopez, Marleny Munoz, Sandra Liliana-Talero, Emma M. Harding-Esch, Martha Idali Saboya-Diaz, Harvy A. Honorio-Morales, Salomon Durand, Cristiam A. Carey-Angeles, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Andres G. Lescano, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and visual impairment (VI) or blindness in rural areas of the Peruvian Amazon. The study found that belonging to a higher SES group was associated with a lower odds of VI or blindness compared to those in the lowest SES group, and there was a dose-response relationship. These findings provide guidance for designing targeted interventions for populations with lower SES.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caitlin A. Moe, Prajna Lalitha, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Jeena Mascarenhas, Muthiah Srinivasan, Manoranhan Das, Arun Panigrahi, Revathi Rajaraman, Gerami D. Seitzman, Catherine E. Oldenburg, Thomas M. Lietman, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: Acanthamoeba keratitis is more difficult to treat and has worse clinical outcomes compared to bacterial or fungal ulcers.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
John M. Nesemann, Marleny Munoz, Sandra L. Talero, Harvy A. Honorio-Morales, Andres G. Lescano, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: The study utilized Ministry of Health's VA card and smartphone attachment for ocular disease screening, identifying various anterior segment pathologies in 326 eyes. The method was found to be suitable for use by non-specialist workers.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Quintin R. Richardson, Lalitha Prajna, Shanmugam Elakkiya, Fathima Sulthana Kamal, Maya Talbott, Namperumalsamy Venkatesh Prajna, Revathi Rajaraman, Vicky Cevallos, Gerami D. Seitzman, Thomas M. Lietman, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: This study found no significant differences in antiamoebic susceptibility of Acanthamoeba keratitis clinical isolates between India and the United States, indicating that differential outcomes in Acanthamoeba keratitis between the two locations are not likely due to differences in antiamoebic susceptibility.
Article
Ophthalmology
Quintin R. Richardson, Rajesh S. Kumar, B. Ramgopal, Mahalakshmi V. Rackenchath, A. V. Sathi Devi, Suria S. Mannil, Sriharsha Nagaraj, Caitlin A. Moe, Dionna M. Wittberg, Kieran S. O'Brien, Julius T. Oatts, Robert L. Stamper, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of iPad perimetry for glaucoma screening. The results showed that iPad perimetry using the visualFields Easy application had inadequate diagnostic accuracy to be used as a screening tool for glaucoma in this South Indian population.
Article
Ophthalmology
Charis B. Hoppe, Sean Yonamine, Brandon W. Kao, Marcus L. Turner, Yvonne Ou, Ying Han, Jeremy D. Keenan, Julius T. Oatts
Summary: This study evaluated the noninferiority of a small-volume eye drop adapter, the Nanodropper, compared to the standard of care in terms of pupillary dilation and cycloplegia in children. The results showed that the efficacy of the small-volume eye drops was comparable to the standard treatment, indicating the potential to reduce medical waste and medication toxicity.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cassidy C. Whitson, Andrew W. Nute, Begashaw Hailemariam, Andrew R. Deathe, Tigist Astale, Zebene Ayele, Demelash Gessese, Eshetu Sata, Mulat Zerihun, Berhanu Melak, Mahteme Haile, Taye Zeru, Banchalem Getnet, Bilen Wondimteka, Endale Kabtu, Habib Getachew, Meskerem Shibiru, Social Bayecha, Solomon Aragie, Dionna M. Wittberg, Zerihun Tadesse, E. Kelly Callahan, Jeremy D. Keenan, Fisseha Admassu, Scott D. Nash
Summary: Conjunctival photography can be a solution for programs near the elimination threshold where there are few available community cases for training field graders.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Arman Mosenia, Berhan A. Haile, Ayalew Shiferaw, Sintayehu Gebresillasie, Teshome Gebre, Mulat Zerihun, Zerihun Tadesse, Paul M. Emerson, E. Kelly Callahan, Zhaoxia Zhou, Thomas M. Lietman, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: The prevalence of ocular chlamydia is significantly higher in communities closer to untreated communities after mass azithromycin distributions. This suggests that nearby untreated communities may serve as a reservoir for chlamydia reinfection in treated communities.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Feroze A. Ganaie, Jamil S. Saad, Stephanie W. Lo, Lesley McGee, Stephen D. Bentley, Andries J. van Tonder, Paulina Hawkins, Jeremy D. Keenan, Juan J. Calix, Moon H. Nahm
Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae produces diverse capsule types, posing a threat to vaccines targeting pneumococcal polysaccharide capsule. Many capsule types remain uncharacterized. Identifying functional determinants of capsule synthesis is important for improving typing methods and discovering novel variants.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christine Tedijanto, Anthony W. Solomon, Diana L. Martin, Scott D. Nash, Jeremy D. Keenan, Thomas M. Lietman, Patrick J. Lammie, Kristen Aiemjoy, Abdou Amza, Solomon Aragie, Ahmed M. Arzika, E. Kelly Callahan, Sydney Carolan, Adisu Abebe Dawed, E. Brook Goodhew, Sarah Gwyn, Jaouad Hammou, Boubacar Kadri, Khumbo Kalua, Ramatou Maliki, Beido Nassirou, Fikre Seife, Zerihun Tadesse, Sheila K. West, Dionna M. Wittberg, Taye Zeru Tadege, Benjamin F. Arnold
Summary: Monitoring antibody responses in children provides a robust method to assess the transmission and elimination progress of trachoma, and identify high-risk areas of infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jeremy D. Keenan
Article
Ophthalmology
Anika Kumar, Somsanguan Ausayakhun, Sakarin Ausayakhun, Atitaya Apivatthakakul, Yingna Liu, Blake M. Snyder, Todd P. Margolis, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: This study found that vision-related quality of life was lower in patients with CMV retinitis, especially those with bilateral involvement, and did not improve after treatment in follow-up. These findings highlight the debilitating clinical manifestations of this disease and support efforts for earlier screening to detect CMV retinitis before it impacts quality of life.
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Binh Cao, Chi H. V. Vu, Jeremy D. Keenan
Summary: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence on telemedicine imaging devices for cornea and external segment conditions. The review identified 19 slit lamp-based devices, 17 smartphone-based devices, and 15 other devices for anterior segment imaging. However, there are significant gaps in the literature regarding the diagnostic accuracy and inter-rater reliability of these devices.
OPHTHALMOLOGY AND THERAPY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Yi Stephanie Zhang, Abu Taha, John Dickson, Isabel Thompson, Jeremy D. Keenan, Ricardo Lamy, Jay M. Stewart
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Adrian C. Tsang, Jeremy Nortey, Sarah E. Lopez, John Gonzales Alexander, Jeremy D. Keenan
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)