Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Caroline Machado Dartora, Wyllians Vendramini Borelli, Michel Koole, Ana Maria Marques da Silva
Summary: The review discusses the assessment of cognitive decline based on imaging differences and the relationship between imaging markers and their patterns with aging. However, there is currently no consensus among biomarkers regarding the relationship with cognitive decline and its trajectory. Further research and improvements are needed to better understand cognitive decline and develop effective treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Weixin Li, Kun-Woo Rafael Kim, Donglan Zhang, Bian Liu, Christine M. Dengler-Crish, Ming Wen, Lu Shi, Xi Pan, Yian Gu, Yan Li
Summary: This study aimed to summarize evidence on the cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions to prevent and manage cognitive decline and dementia. The findings suggest that physical activity interventions can be cost-effective in individuals without dementia, but the results are mixed for individuals with existing dementia.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiu Liu, Hekai Yang, Xinzhu Yan, Shuangfeng Xu, Yonggang Fan, He Xu, Yue Ma, Weijian Hou, Rabia Javed, Yanhui Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of co-exposure to iron and microplastics on cognitive function in aged humans and animals. The findings showed that co-exposure exacerbated iron overload, cognitive deficits, and increased lipid peroxidation and inflammation in the brain.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tadahiro Numakawa, Haruki Odaka
Summary: Neurotrophins play crucial roles in supporting neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis in the nervous system. The decline of cognitive function with aging and/or pathological conditions is associated with alterations in BDNF/TrkB signaling. Upregulation of the endogenous BDNF/TrkB system may be a potential therapeutic approach for cognitive decline.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ting Liu, Na Li, Zongjie Hou, Linsheng Liu, Lihong Gao, Lin Wang, Jiying Tan
Summary: Nutrition combined physical exercise interventions can improve global cognitive function in the aged with cognitive decline, but no statistical differences were found in specific cognitive domains. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of these interventions, particularly in older adults.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Samantha A. A. Murphy, Ling Chen, Jason M. M. Doherty, Prerana Acharyya, Noah Riley, Ann M. M. Johnson, Alexis Walker, Hailee Domash, Maren Jorgensen, Sayeh Bayat, David B. B. Carr, Beau M. M. Ances, Ganesh M. M. Babulal
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether cognitive reserve and brain reserve in cognitively normal older adults could predict changes in their driving behaviors. The findings suggest that increased hippocampal and whole brain atrophy, as well as lower cognitive reserve scores, were associated with changes in driving behaviors over time, indicating that individuals with lower brain and cognitive reserve may reduce their driving exposure and avoid highways.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Premranjan Kumar, Ob W. Osahon, Rajagopal V. Sekhar
Summary: Cognitive decline in older adults is common, but the mechanisms behind age-associated cognitive decline (ACD) are not well understood. This study found that ACD is associated with multiple abnormalities in the brain and that supplementing with GlyNAC can improve these defects and enhance cognitive function.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jet M. J. Vonk, Rashid Ghaznawi, Maarten H. T. Zwartbol, Yaakov Stern, Mirjam I. Geerlings
Summary: This study investigated the associations of cognitive and brain reserve with memory decline in mid-life and late-life. The results showed that higher cognitive and brain reserve can protect against memory decline, particularly in late-life.
Review
Cell Biology
Rui Zhou, Shufang Qian, William C. S. Cho, Jinyun Zhou, Chentao Jin, Yan Zhong, Jing Wang, Xiaohui Zhang, Zhoujiao Xu, Mei Tian, Lawrence W. C. Chan, Hong Zhang
Summary: Aging affects gut microbiota compositions, microglia, and cognition abilities, and is recognized as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. The communication between gut microbiota and microglia plays a crucial role in age-related cognitive declines. This review discusses the changes in gut microbiota compositions, brain changes, especially morphology and functions of microglia, and highlights the role of microbiota-microglia connections in neurodegenerative diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abdulbaset Maroofi, Tatiana Moro, Jacopo Agrimi, Fatemeh Safari
Summary: Heart failure is a pathological condition that affects the structure and function of all organs in the body, including the brain. Insufficient pumping of blood by the heart leads to the inability of HF patients to carry out daily activities and a decline in their cognitive capacity. There is a complex bidirectional relationship between the heart and the brain, involving not only hemodynamics but also bioelectric and endocrine signaling. Exercise can help mitigate cognitive dysfunction associated with HF, but further understanding of the underlying mechanisms is needed.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tomiko Yoneda, Nathan A. Lewis, Jamie E. Knight, Jonathan Rush, Rebecca Vendittelli, Luca Kleineidam, Jinshil Hyun, Andrea M. Piccinin, Scott M. Hofer, Emiel O. Hoogendijk, Carol A. Derby, Martin Scherer, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Michael Wagner, Ardo van den Hout, Wenyu Wang, David A. Bennett, Graciela Muniz-Terrera
Summary: The study found that engaging in physical activity, especially before the onset of cognitive impairment, significantly reduces the risk of transitioning from nonimpaired to mildly impaired cognitive functioning and extends life expectancy. Additionally, physical activity also has a protective effect after the onset of cognitive impairment, although there is some heterogeneity between study results.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Pankaja Desai, Kristin R. Krueger, Carlos Mendes de Leon, Robert S. Wilson, Denis A. Evans, Kumar B. Rajan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of depressive symptoms and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) concentrations on cognitive functioning. The results show that depressive symptoms and high GFAP concentrations contribute to cognitive decline, while depressive symptoms and low GFAP concentrations have a smaller effect.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
L. Nava-Gomez, I Calero-Vargas, F. Higinio-Rodriguez, B. Vazquez-Prieto, R. Olivares-Moreno, J. Ortiz-Retana, P. Aranda, N. Hernandez-Chan, G. Rojas-Piloni, S. Alcauter, M. Lopez-Hidalgo
Summary: The study found that D-serine supplementation can reverse the decline in cognitive flexibility associated with aging and partially restore large-scale brain system function without inducing nephrotoxicity, showing potential therapeutic benefits for reversing age-related brain changes.
Article
Neurosciences
Takahiro Soshi, Michael Andersson, Toshikazu Kawagoe, Shu Nishiguchi, Minoru Yamada, Yuki Otsuka, Ryusuke Nakai, Nobuhito Abe, Adibah Aslah, Tomohiko Igasaki, Kaoru Sekiyama
Summary: This study found that exercise intervention has positive effects on older adults' brain structures and function, including increased gray matter volume and/or thickness in certain prefrontal areas, as well as the association between increased middle frontal sulcus volume and cognitive improvement. Additionally, there were different changes in prefrontal functional connectivity between the intervention and control groups, which were related to maintaining cognitive performance.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lucas Melo Neves, Raphael Ritti-Dias, Valeria Juday, Raquel Marquesini, Aline Mendes Gerage, Gilberto Candido Laurentino, Renato Hoffmann Nunes, Brendon Stubbs, Carlos Ugrinowitsch
Summary: Brain atrophy, a decrease in brain volume, is associated with cognitive health in older adults. Insufficient moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been linked to lower brain volume. This study found that meeting weekly MVPA recommendations helps preserve the volume of over 30 brain areas and structures in older adults. Additionally, cardiorespiratory fitness is an important predictor of brain volume preservation.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gerontology
Serena Sabatini, Anthony Martyr, Laura D. Gamble, Rachel Collins, Fiona E. Matthews, Robin G. Morris, Jennifer M. Rusted, Claire Pentecost, Catherine Quinn, Linda Clare
Summary: This study examines the involvement of people with dementia in everyday decision-making and the factors that explain the variability in their involvement. The results show that female, single, and younger people with dementia tend to have greater involvement in everyday decision-making. Factors such as better cognition, fewer functional difficulties, fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms, less caregiver stress, and better relationship quality are associated with higher involvement in everyday decision-making.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
A. Dawn Ryan, Brendan Bo O'Connor, Daniel L. Schacter, Karen L. Campbell
Summary: Research shows that imagining helping others can increase the willingness to help in both everyday scenarios and COVID-related scenarios for both younger and older adults. This increase in willingness to help is related to higher emotional concern, scene imagery, and theory of mind. However, people tend to produce more internal, episodic-like details when imagining everyday scenarios compared to COVID-related scenarios, suggesting a difficulty in drawing on prior experiences when simulating novel events.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Hamidul Huque, Ranmalee Eramudugolla, Benjamin Chidiac, Nicole Ee, Lauren Ehrenfeld, Fiona E. Matthews, Ruth Peters, Kaarin J. Anstey
Summary: This study examines sex differences in the incidence and prevalence of dementia globally, and evaluates whether country-level indicators of gender inequality account for these differences. The results show that there are no sex differences in the incidence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia, except in the 90+ age group. However, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is higher in women, and this difference is associated with gender differences in life expectancy and education.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Connor D. Richardson, Hannah Roscoe, Emma Green, Racheal Brooks, Linda Barnes, Fiona E. Matthews, Carol Brayne
Summary: The prevalence of loneliness among older people has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before. Factors associated with prevalent loneliness include prior loneliness, living alone, being female, living in a deprived area, separation from family during the pandemic, and frequent pre-pandemic social contact at community groups. Weekly technology-mediated contact using telephone or video calls is associated with lower odds of loneliness.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Deborah L. O. King, Richard Henson, Rogier Kievit, Noham Wolpe, Carol Brayne, Lorraine K. Tyler, James B. A. Rowe, Kamen A. Tsvetanov, Cam-CAN
Summary: Cardiovascular ageing is associated with cognitive impairment, but the specific contributions of different cardiovascular factors to cognitive function are not clear.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Asri Maharani, David R. Sinclair, Tarani Chandola, Peter Bower, Andrew Clegg, Barbara Hanratty, James Nazroo, Neil Pendleton, Gindo Tampubolon, Chris Todd, Raphael Wittenberg, Terence W. O'Neill, Fiona E. Matthews
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between household wealth and neighborhood deprivation with frailty status, and found that individuals with lower wealth and living in deprived neighborhoods are at a higher risk of frailty.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Richard Merrick, Fiona E. Matthews
Summary: A new study on neuropathology trends in autopsy results from two large US cohorts reveals the declining incidence of dementia. While the prevalence of neurodegenerative pathologies remained similar, a reduction in vascular pathologies suggests that improvements in cardiovascular health and cognitive reserve contribute to reducing dementia risk. This study on postmortem neuropathology trends over the past 25 years provides important insights into secular trends in dementia risk, highlighting the role of cardiovascular health and cognitive reserve in the reduced risk.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Selma Lugtmeijer, Linda Geerligs, Kamen A. Tsvetanov, Daniel J. Mitchell, Cam-CAN, Karen L. Campbell
Summary: Working memory declines throughout adulthood and the neural mechanisms underlying this decline are limited. This study used a lifespan cohort and a whole-brain approach to investigate age-related changes in working memory load-modulated functional connectivity. Results showed that functional connectivity strength decreased with increasing age throughout the cortex, but the relationship between connectivity and behavior was non-significant.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhirong Yang, Chang Wei, Xiaojuan Li, Jinqiu Yuan, Xuefeng Gao, Bingyu Li, Ziyi Zhao, Sengwee Toh, Xin Yu, Carol Brayne, Zuyao Yang, Feng Sha, Jinling Tang
Summary: This study found that the regular use of laxatives is associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia, especially in individuals who use multiple types of laxatives or osmotic laxatives.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mohammed D. Rajab, Emmanuel Jammeh, Teruka Taketa, Carol Brayne, Fiona E. Matthews, Li Su, Paul G. Ince, Stephen B. Wharton, Dennis Wang
Summary: This study applies machine learning approaches to identify critical features of Alzheimer-related pathologies associated with dementia. Results show that Braak neurofibrillary tangle stage, beta-amyloid, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the most important features for dementia classification. The best-performing dementia classifier achieved 79% sensitivity, 69% specificity, and 75% precision using the top eight neuropathological features.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Anum Iqbal, Charlotte Richardson, Zain Iqbal, Hannah O'Keefe, Barbara Hanratty, Fiona E. Matthews, Adam Todd
Summary: This article conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between polypharmacy and an individual's socioeconomic status. It found that older people with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to use multiple medications. Future research should further explore the reasons for these inequalities and the interplay between polypharmacy and multimorbidity.
Article
Communication
Ahmet Begde, Manisha Jain, Maria Goodwin, Carol Brayne, Linda Barnes, Rachael Brooks, Emma Green, Connor Richardson, Tom Dening, Thomas Wilcockson, Eef Hogervorst
Summary: Technology is seen as a solution for the aging population in the UK to improve independence and health. However, factors such as age, gender, access to technology, and physical health affect older adults' willingness to use memory assistive and ADL supportive technologies. Healthcare providers, policymakers, and technology producers should target older people, females, and those with less access to technology to promote healthy and independent aging.
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Sebastian Walsh, Richard Merrick, Carol Brayne