Review
Veterinary Sciences
Huiyang Sha, Hang Zhang, Yao Chen, Liangzong Huang, Mengmeng Zhao, Nina Wang
Summary: This article comprehensively reviews the application of NSP9, a non-structural protein of PRRSV, in genetic evolution analysis, interaction with host proteins, interaction with other viral proteins, pathogenicity, regulation of cellular immune response, antiviral drugs, vaccines, and detection methods. The review provides innovative ideas and strategies for PRRSV prevention and control.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hang Zhang, Huiyang Sha, Limei Qin, Nina Wang, Weili Kong, Liangzong Huang, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Studying the interactions between PRRSV and host proteins is crucial for understanding host defense against viral infections and the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases.
Article
Microbiology
Chunhui Song, Hanze Liu, Zhi Cao, Hu Shan, Qiaoya Zhang
Summary: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is induced and phosphorylated during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. Overexpression of HSP27 promotes PRRSV replication, while its knockdown reduces PRRSV proliferation. The phosphorylation of HSP27 is involved in its interaction with viral nonstructural proteins (nsps). In conclusion, HSP27 plays a crucial role in PRRSV replication.
Article
Virology
Puxian Fang, Yingying Hong, Sijin Xia, Jiansong Zhang, Jie Ren, Yanrong Zhou, Liurong Fang, Shaobo Xiao
Summary: The study demonstrates that PDCoV nsp10 antagonizes IFN through a ZF-independent mechanism and has a synergistic effect with nsp14 and nsp16 in inhibiting IFN-beta production.
Article
Virology
Yunhao Hu, Purui Ke, Peng Gao, Yongning Zhang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study reveals a regulated interaction between nsp10 and nsp12 of PRRSV, controlled by a molecular switch and single amino acid substitutions. Mutations enabling the nsp10-nsp12 interaction did not activate the nsp10-nsp2/3 interaction, suggesting differential conformational requirements. These mutations led to defects in viral sgRNA synthesis, highlighting the essential role of a coordinated RTC assembly in viral RNA synthesis.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Hang Zhang, Zhiyu Yang, Huiyang Sha, Weili Kong, Mengmeng Zhao, Nina Wang
Summary: Research on the GP5 protein is crucial for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We provide a summary of its genetic variation, immunity, replication, apoptosis, virulence, and interaction with viral and host proteins, which lays a foundation for understanding PRRSV replication mechanisms and vaccine development.
Article
Virology
Jia Li, Dang Wang, Puxian Fang, Yu Pang, Yanrong Zhou, Liurong Fang, Shaobo Xiao
Summary: DDX21 plays an important role in regulating PRRSV proliferation through multiple mechanisms, promoting virus replication and stabilizing the expression of interferon antagonists. Additionally, PRRSV infection enhances DDX21 expression and its nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation.
Article
Microbiology
Yanrong Zhou, Yang Li, Ran Tao, Jia Li, Liurong Fang, Shaobo Xiao
Summary: PRRSV infection and nsp5 overexpression activate incomplete autophagy by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. This is achieved by blocking the interaction of STX17 with SNAP29, leading to the impairment of autophagic flux.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yu Pang, Yanrong Zhou, Yuchen Wang, Zheng Sun, Jiao Liu, Chenyu Li, Shaobo Xiao, Liurong Fang
Summary: This study reveals that PRRSV infection increases the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), and overexpression of HIF-1 alpha promotes PRRSV replication while knockdown of HIF-1 alpha inhibits PRRSV infection. The PRRSV-encoded nonstructural protein 1 beta (nsp1 beta) stabilizes HIF-1 alpha through its nuclease protease and papain-like cysteine protease enzymatic domains. Moreover, nsp1 beta interacts with von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) and HIF-1 alpha, impairing the interaction between HIF-1 alpha and pVHL. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in PRRSV infection and provides insights for the development of HIF-1 alpha-based anti-PRRSV therapies.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Minze Zhang, Xiaoliang Han, Klaus Osterrieder, Michael Veit
Summary: The major membrane proteins GP5 and M of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus are palmitoylated at cysteines, which is essential for virus growth. Acylation is required for the formation of infectious particles and viruses lacking acylation sites show reduced growth in cell culture. Multiple fatty acids attached to GP5 and M are necessary for clustering of dimerized proteins at Golgi membranes and virus assembly.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sissy Therese Sonnleitner, Martina Prelog, Stefanie Sonnleitner, Eva Hinterbichler, Hannah Halbfurter, Dominik B. C. Kopecky, Giovanni Almanzar, Stephan Koblmueller, Christian Sturmbauer, Leonard Feist, Ralf Horres, Wilfried Posch, Gernot Walder
Summary: This study reports the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 immune escape mutations in an immunocompromised patient with prolonged viral shedding. The results suggest that specific mutations may confer a fitness advantage to the virus and could be potential targets for future vaccine and therapeutic development for COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. Maze, Eleni Vatzia, Veronica Martini, Basudev Paudyal, Matthew D. Edmans, Adam McNee, Tanuja Manjegowda, Francisco J. Salguero, Nanchaya Wanasen, Surapong Koonpaew, Simon P. Graham, Elma Tchilian
Summary: The study indicated that co-infection of PRRSV-2 and swine influenza H3N2 virus weakened the protective effect of PRRS modified live virus vaccine while enhancing antibody responses. In contrast, co-infection in non-immunized animals helped reduce viral load and potentiate T cell responses. The upregulation of inhibitory cytokines gene expression in vaccinated pigs' lungs may have influenced responses to H3N2 and PRRSV-2.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mariana Kikuti, Catalina Picasso-Risso, Claudio Marcello Melini, Cesar A. A. Corzo
Summary: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a major infectious disease in U.S. swine herds, and eliminating the virus poses challenges. Only about 1/6 of breeding herds successfully eliminated PRRS and remained virus-free for an average of two years. After elimination, the average annual outbreak rate was 23%, similar to the national average of 20-25%. Further studies are needed to understand the factors influencing the decision to pursue elimination.
Article
Cell Biology
Qixin Chen, Mingang Hao, Lei Wang, Linsen Li, Yang Chen, Xintian Shao, Zhiqi Tian, Richard A. Pfuetzner, Qing Zhong, Axel T. Brunger, Jun-Lin Guan, Jiajie Diao
Summary: The study revealed that lysosomes cluster around autophagosomes upon stimulation, setting the stage for membrane fusion, with the SNARE protein VAMP8 playing a crucial role in this prefusion state. Phosphorylation of VAMP8 was found to reduce spontaneous fusion under normal conditions while preassembling multiple lysosomes to increase fusion probability upon stimulation, impacting autophagosome maturation and chemotherapy drug resistance.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Chao Liang, Qianhui Xia, Jingming Zhou, Hongliang Liu, Yumei Chen, Yankai Liu, Peiyang Ding, Yanhua Qi, Aiping Wang
Summary: This study identified immunodominant CD8+ CTL epitopes for PRRSV-2 M protein and predicted their binding to SLA I molecules through a combination of ELISPOT assays and SLA genotyping. In vitro assays confirmed the formation of immune complexes between specific peptides and SLA class I molecules. These potential CTL epitopes represent a promising avenue for further research into T cell-based vaccine development for PRRSV.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Fei Tu, Yongning Zhang, Shengkui Xu, Xintan Yang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Jun Han, Xin Guo, Hanchun Yang
Summary: A real-time fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification (real-time RAA) assay was developed for the detection of pseudorabies virus (PRV), showing good specificity and sensitivity, suitable for rapid field detection. The amplified products of real-time RAA could be visualized under a blue light instrument, facilitating the detection of PRV in resource-limited environments and on-site screening.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Jiangwei Song, Lei Hou, Rong Quan, Dan Wang, Haijun Jiang, Jue Liu
Summary: This study demonstrated that Seneca Valley virus (SVV) infection activates autophagy through multiple signaling pathways, with viral proteins VP1, VP3, and 3C synergistically contributing to the activation of the AKT-AMPK-MAPK-MTOR pathway. These findings provide insight into the finely tuned molecular mechanisms of SVV-induced autophagy and may aid in the development of control strategies against SVV infection.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Wenlong Wang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Jun Han, Xin Guo, Yanhong Chen, Yongning Zhang, Hanchun Yang
Summary: In this study, a real-time fluorescent reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (rRT-RAA) assay was developed for the detection of Senecavirus A (SVA). The assay showed high sensitivity and specificity, comparable to the previously used PCR assay. Testing results using 189 clinical swine samples demonstrated good consistency and correlation between the rRT-RAA and rRT-PCR assays.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yuanyuan Liu, Peng Gao, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Yongning Zhang, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study identifies critical residues within the nonstructural protein 1 alpha of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), providing insights into how the virus is able to evade host immunity.
Article
Virology
Weifeng Sun, Weixin Wu, Nan Jiang, Xinna Ge, Yongning Zhang, Jun Han, Xin Guo, Lei Zhou, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study characterized the dynamic transcriptome landscapes of porcine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. The dysregulation of TJ proteins was found to be related to the increased permeability of PMVECs. These findings provide valuable clues for further understanding the role of PMVECs in PRRSV-induced acute lung injury (ALI).
Article
Virology
Xintan Yang, Shengkui Xu, Dengjin Chen, Ruijiao Jiang, Haoran Kang, Xinna Ge, Lei Zhou, Jun Han, Yongning Zhang, Xin Guo, Hanchun Yang
Summary: Pseudorabies virus (PRV), also known as suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), is a highly devastating swine pathogen in China. The sudden emergence of PRV variants in 2011, with higher pathogenicity and cross-species transmission potential, has caused significant economic losses and posed a threat to public health. In this study, a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis was conducted to quantitatively screen for differentially expressed cellular proteins in PRV-infected Vero cells. A total of 7072 proteins were identified, with 960 proteins showing significant regulation, including 89 upregulated and 871 downregulated proteins. The differentially expressed proteins were involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways, providing insights into the pathogenesis of PRV variants and potential targets for pseudorabies prevention.
Article
Virology
Hang Gao, Zhaoying Xiang, Xinna Ge, Lei Zhou, Jun Han, Xin Guo, Yanhong Chen, Yongning Zhang, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study analyzed the dynamic changes in the proteome of PK-15 cells during Senecavirus A (SVA) infection using tandem mass tags (TMT) labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed significant differential expression of proteins at different time points of infection, with these proteins mainly involved in host immune responses and metabolic processes. In addition, the study demonstrated that Mx1 protein exerts antiviral activity against SVA by interacting with VP1 and VP2 proteins.
Article
Microbiology
Jiangwei Song, Rong Quan, Dan Wang, Jue Liu
Summary: SVV infection leads to cleavage and translocation of nucleolin (NCL) from the nucleoli, which facilitates viral replication. The study reveals the targeting effect of SVV 3C(pro) on NCL and provides new insights into the mechanism of viral replication.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Gao, Yuanyuan Liu, Hua Wang, Yue Chai, Wenlian Weng, Yongning Zhang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study reveals that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) utilizes its replicase protein nsp1 beta to suppress the activation of host protein kinase R (PKR) by repurposing stress granules (SGs), resulting in the inhibition of host inflammatory responses.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dengjin Chen, Yi Huang, Yating Guo, Lihong Wang, Yongning Zhang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Jun Han, Xin Guo, Hanchun Yang
Summary: PCV3 infection is prevalent in pig populations in China, with high variability in different provinces. PCV3a and PCV3b are the predominant subtypes in the studied regions. These findings provide important insights into the epidemiology and evolution of PCV3 in China and will guide future efforts to prevent and control the disease.
Article
Microbiology
Yang Wang, Xinna Ge, Yongning Zhang, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Lei Zhou, Hanchun Yang
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen in the global pork industry. Researchers have developed a DNA-tagged virus for high-throughput screening and evaluation of anti-PRRSV therapies. This tagged virus can be used to study viral propagation and growth in vitro and in vivo, as well as for a novel virus neutralization assay.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Virology
Can Kong, Dan Li, Yanxin Hu, Peng Gao, Yongning Zhang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Hanchun Yang
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major threat to the world swine industry. Genetic variations within the nsp2 region present an intriguing conundrum to PRRSV biology and pathogenesis. By constructing chimeric mutants, this study highlights the significance of nsp2 genetic variation in modulating PRRSV virulence and persistence via immune modulation.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Feng Cheng, Hui Wang, Lei Zhou, Ganqiu Lan, Hanchun Yang, Lixian Wang, Ligang Wang, Jing Liang
Summary: This study found that serum exosomes can be used to detect PRRSV infection and immunity-associated miRNAs in pigs, which may play important roles in regulating PRRSV virus infection.
Article
Cell Biology
Jiangwei Song, Yitong Guo, Dan Wang, Rong Quan, Jing Wang, Jue Liu
Summary: The study reveals that the Seneca Valley virus targets OPTN for cleavage, impairing its function in selective autophagy and type I IFN production. This sheds light on the virus's diverse strategies to evade host autophagic machinery and type I IFN response for survival.
Article
Virology
Jiangwei Song, Yitong Guo, Dan Wang, Rong Quan, Jing Wang, Jue Liu
Summary: The Seneca Valley virus (SVV) inhibits the type I interferon (IFN) response by degrading STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9, and cleaving STAT2, which leads to impaired IFN-stimulated gene activity. Additionally, SVV blocks the nuclear import of STAT1 and STAT2 by degrading karyopherin 1, thereby evading the host immune response.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)