Nanostructured mixed Ni/Pt hydroxides electrodes for BIA-amperometry determination of hydralazine

A fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass modified with mixed nickel/platinum hydroxide nanoparticles (alpha-Ni0.98Pt0.02(OH)(2)) was utilized as BIA amperometric sensor for fast determination of hydralazine in pharmaceutical formulations. The new electrode material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and voltammetry, exhibiting high conductivity and enhanced activity compared to the FTO electrode without modification. The alpha-Ni0.98Pt0.02(OH)(2) electrode associated with batch injection analysis (BIA) showed good amperometric response to hydralazine, attaining detection and quantification limits of 5.93 x 10(-6) and 2.0 x 10(-5) mol/L, respectively, besides elevated analytical frequency (240 samples/h). The amount of hydralazine in real pharmaceutical samples were analyzed by BIA/amperometry and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the method recommended by the United States Pharmacopeia, giving comparable results. In fact, both methods presented very good concordance (difference of 0.8%) indicating that the BIA method associated with the features of alpha-Ni0.98Pt0.02(OH)(2) electrode is thus well-suited for electroanalytical purposes, and can be employed for determination of hydralazine in pharmaceuticals. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers.