Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 8, Issue 36, Pages 23558-23567Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08079
Keywords
nanodiamond; drug delivery; cellular uptake; paclitaxel; hydroxylated; carboxylated; colloidal stability
Funding
- Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the NRF
- Korean government, MSIP [NRF-2014M3A9A9073811]
- Basic Science Research Program through National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [NRF-2015R1C1A2A01053307]
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Nanodiamonds (NDs) with 5 nm crystalline structures have been recognized as emerging carbon delivery vehicles due to their biocompatible inertness, high surface-to-volume ratio, and energy absorbance properties. In this study, carboxylated nanodiamond (ND-COOH) was reduced to hydroxylated nanodiamond (ND-OH) for stable and pH independent colloidal dispersity. The poorly water-soluble paclitaxel (PTX) was physically loaded into ND-OH clusters, forming amorphous PTX nanostructure on the interparticle nanocage of the ND substrate. Stable physical PTX loading onto the ND substrate with stable colloidal stability showed enhanced PTX release. ND-OH/PTX complexes retained the sustained release of PTX by up to 97.32% at 70 h; compared with the 47.33% release of bare crystalline PTX. Enhanced PTX release from ND substrate showed low cell viability in Hela, MCF-9, and A549 cancer cells due to sustained release and stable dispersity in a biological aqueous environment. Especially, the IC50 values of ND-OH/PTX complexes and PTX in Hela cells were 0.037 mu g/mL and 0.137 mu g/mL respectively. Well-dispersed cellular uptake of suprastructure ND-OH/PTX nanocomplexes was directly observed from the TEM images. ND-OH/PTX nanocomplexes assimilated into cell's might provide convective diffusion with high PTX concentration, inducing initial necrosis. This study suggests that poorly water-soluble drugs can be formulated into a suprastructure with ND and acts as a highly concentrated drug reservoir directly within a cell.
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