Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiejing Luo, Luqi Chang, Chenhao Ren, Jiuhong Zhang, Dawei Zhang, Jizheng Yao, Jie Song, Zhanfeng Deng, Chaofang Dong, Xiaogang Li
Summary: This study proposes a sandwich-like C/(Ti:C)/Ti modified Ti bipolar plates, and through computational simulations and experimental verification, it demonstrates that the bipolar plates have lower interfacial contact resistance and smaller corrosion current density, making them suitable for various operating conditions.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Selahattin Celik, Bora Timurkutluk, Ugur Aydin, Mikail Yagiz
Summary: Bipolar plates are critical components of PEM fuel cell stacks. Machining flow channels on graphite bipolar plates is challenging, so additive manufacturing methods for other materials are considered as alternatives. This study compares the performance of different bipolar plates and presents a high specific power density titanium design.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fatih Daricik, Alparslan Topcu, Kadir Aydin, Selahattin Celik
Summary: In this study, carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates were modified with multi-walled carbon nanotube superconductor materials to improve their electrical and mechanical properties for wider application as bipolar plates in PEMFC systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lei Yu, Lunlin Shang, Guangan Zhang, Xia Li, Qian Meng
Summary: Arc ion plating technique was used to rapidly deposit high-quality a-C films on the surface of titanium foil, and large-sized coated BPPs suitable for industrial applications were successfully prepared. The experimental results showed that the a-C coated BPP exhibited a decreased internal resistance of 1.125 mU cm(2) and a corrosion current density of approximately 3.37 x 10(-9) A cm(-2) at a pressure of 1.4 MPa. This study provides important reference for the industrial preparation of low-cost a-C film coated metal BPPs for PEMFCs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Peng Ren, Pucheng Pei, Dongfang Chen, Lu Zhang, Yuehua Li, Xin Song, Mingkai Wang, He Wang
Summary: Metallic bipolar plates (BPs) in fuel cells experience corrosion and surface destruction under automotive operating conditions, with dynamic load and startup-shutdown being the main accelerators. Dynamic potential accelerates the breakdown of passivation layer, while pits rich in Cr-species provide protection. Startup-shutdown drives complex corrosion and passivation stages, leading to global destruction represented by microstructure and pits, while producing a surface film through secondary passivation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Timon Novalin, Bjorn Eriksson, Sebastian Proch, Ulf Bexell, Claire Moffatt, Jorgen Westlinder, Carina Lagergren, Goran Lindbergh, Rakel Wreland Lindstrom
Summary: The study confirms that carbon-coated stainless steel bipolar plates exhibit stability and corrosion resistance in PEMFCs, and are not affected by hydrogen starvation.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Timon Novalin, Bjorn Eriksson, Sebastian Proch, Ulf Bexell, Claire Moffatt, Jorgen Westlinder, Carina Lagergren, Goran Lindbergh, Rakel Wreland Lindstrom
Summary: The use of stainless steel as bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been a concern due to the risk of corrosion and metal ion contamination. Previous studies on this hazard have relied on ex-situ corrosion assessments which may not accurately represent real operating conditions. In this study, uncoated stainless steel bipolar plates were subjected to in-situ hybrid endurance/stress testing to simulate realistic conditions and re-evaluate the need for additional corrosion protection. The results showed no signs of surface dissolution and negligible trace metal concentration in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Contact resistance values were stable and changes in cell performance and voltage degradation were unrelated to the presence of uncoated bipolar plates. The corrosion resistance of uncoated stainless steel plates in PEMFCs was attributed to decoupling of bipolar plate surface potentials from electrode potentials and operational control to sustain stainless steel surface passivation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shian Li, Rongqiang Wei, Qiuwan Shen, Yihui Liu, Zhi Yang, Guogang Yang, Bengt Sunden
Summary: The design of wavy flow channels is found to greatly enhance the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells at high current densities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fabrizio Roncaglia, Marcello Romagnoli, Simone Incudini, Elena Santini, Manuel Imperato, Luca Spinelli, Alessandro di Bona, Roberto Biagi, Adele Mucci
Summary: This study presents an experimental method for preparing graphite-epoxy composites suitable for manufacturing bipolar plates in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Wet mixing was found to be advantageous in achieving good electrical and mechanical properties, with the addition of a small percentage of carbon black as a secondary filler. Modeling the effects of molding parameters on a fixed-composition graphite-epoxy composite provided valuable information for future improvements, resulting in conductivity values exceeding US DOE requirements.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jie Jin, Jinzhou Zhang, Menglei Hu, Xiao Li
Summary: Depositing TiN and TiCN coatings on stainless steel substrates using Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputter Ion Plating can improve the durability and corrosion resistance of stainless steel bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells at high potential, meeting the Department of Energy targets for interfacial contact resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Li Chen, Ruixuan Liu, Bin Zhang, Jianxiang Lv, Junyan Zhang
Summary: In this study, CrN films with high conductivity and strong corrosion resistance were successfully deposited on Ti plates by high power impulse magnetron sputtering. The method effectively inhibited the formation of columnar structure and formed a nanostructure encapsulated amorphous Cr2N clusters, providing good protection for the Ti plates.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Cijo Mathew, Samsudeen Naina Mohamed, D. Lenin Singaravelu
Summary: This study investigates the effect of surface-enhanced flake graphite (SEFG) as a novel filler material in composite bipolar plates (BPs) for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC). The results show that the composite BP developed with epoxy resin as the binder and SEFG, carbon black, and natural flake graphite as conductive fillers exhibits favorable electrical conductivity, flexural strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal conductivity.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Q. Jia, Z. Mu, X. Zhang, B. Zhang, R. Liu, K. Gao, Y. Yu, Z. Lai, J. Zhang
Summary: A new method for preparing carbon-coated metal bipolar plates is proposed in this study, using reactive magnetron sputtering with a Cr0.6Cu0.4 target in methane and argon atmosphere. The resulting C18.6Cr0.06Cu (S65) film has a high deposition rate and good conductivity. The unique structure of the film provides excellent electrical and anti-corrosion properties.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ibrahim Alaefour, Samaneh Shahgaldi, Jian Zhao, Xianguo Li
Summary: This study investigates diamond-like carbon (DLC) film coatings as corrosion protection coatings for metallic-based bipolar plates. It is found that higher deposition power and absence of argon gas result in more sp3 bonds and higher electrical resistivity. Coatings deposited from methane exhibit superior adhesion to stainless steel substrates, and coatings with low power and high argon gas percentage provide better anti-corrosion protection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Muhammad Faizan Chinannai, Jaeseung Lee, Hyunchul Ju
Summary: This study analyzes the relationship between coolant flow rate change and voltage degradation in different fuel cell malfunction cases using a developed PEM fuel cell model. The results show that coolant flow rate generally increases proportionally with voltage degradation, but MEA temperature increase is not always directly related to voltage drop.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)