Article
Immunology
Ganna Galitska, Alessandra Coscia, Diego Forni, Lars Steinbrueck, Simone De Meo, Matteo Biolatti, Marco De Andrea, Rachele Cagliani, Agata Leone, Enrico Bertino, Thomas Schulz, Angela Santoni, Santo Landolfo, Manuela Sironi, Cristina Cerboni, Valentina Dell'Oste
Summary: The study reveals that HCMV clinical strains exhibit varying levels of genetic characteristics that affect their ability to modulate NK cell responses. Aggressive HCMV strains differentially regulate the expression of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors, resulting in increased IFN-gamma production.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Sara Scarpini, Francesca Morigi, Ludovica Betti, Arianna Dondi, Carlotta Biagi, Marcello Lanari
Summary: hCMV is a common cause of congenital infection, leading to potential permanent impairment and severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. Research on hCMV vaccines is ongoing, but challenges in development include the virus's ability to evade immune response and identifying target populations for vaccination.
Article
Virology
Mathilde Bergamelli, Helene Martin, Yann Aubert, Jean-Michel Mansuy, Marlene Marcellin, Odile Burlet-Schiltz, Ilse Hurbain, Graca Raposo, Jacques Izopet, Thierry Fournier, Alexandra Benchoua, Melinda Benard, Marion Groussolles, Geraldine Cartron, Yann Tanguy Le Gac, Nathalie Moinard, Gisela D'Angelo, Cecile E. Malnou
Summary: This study reveals that human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection increases the production of placental small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and modifies their protein content, potentially favoring viral dissemination. These sEVs also potentiate infection in cells of fetal origin.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ji-Seon Lee, Seongchan Kim, Sungchul Kim, Kwangseog Ahn, Dal-Hee Min
Summary: Early and accurate diagnosis of HCMV infection is crucial due to its potential risks, and conventional diagnosis methods rely on serology, antigen testing, and nucleic acid detection. However, a graphene oxide nanocolloid and fluorescent peptide nucleic acid probe biosensor offers a simpler and more efficient way to detect HCMV infection by monitoring the virally encoded microRNA.
Article
Virology
Salvatore Camiolo, Joseph Hughes, Fausto Baldanti, Milena Furione, Daniele Lilleri, Giuseppina Lombardi, Micol Angelini, Giuseppe Gerna, Maurizio Zavattoni, Andrew J. Davison, Nicolas M. Suarez
Summary: Understanding the intrahost evolution of viral populations is important for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. However, the analysis is sensitive to bias, error, and artefact in the data, and it is crucial to address these issues adequately.
Review
Virology
Fran Krstanovic, William J. Britt, Stipan Jonjic, Ilija Brizic
Summary: HCMV infection poses severe threats to immunocompromised individuals and newborns, with congenital cases potentially leading to life-threatening pathologies. CMV infection of the central nervous system remains inadequately characterized, with limited use of experimental animals due to species specificity.
Article
Microbiology
Samuel A. A. Osanyinlusi, Jasmin Zischke, Roland Jacobs, Eva M. M. Weissinger, Thomas F. F. Schulz, Penelope C. C. Kay-Fedorov
Summary: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) inhibits T cell antiviral functions by interacting with CD45 on T cells via its pUL11 glycoprotein, leading to enhanced viral spread. This discovery provides insights into HCMV's immunomodulatory strategy and a new T cell regulatory mechanism.
Article
Virology
Piera d'Angelo, Paola Zelini, Federica Zavaglio, Stefania Piccini, Daniela Cirasola, Alessia Arossa, Arsenio Spinillo, Daniele Lilleri, Fausto Baldanti
Summary: This study investigated the rates and routes of HCMV transmission in full-term infants during the first year of life. The findings showed that approximately one out of five infants developed HCMV infection within the first year, with breastmilk being the major route of transmission while maternal saliva and vaginal secretions played a minor role.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shannon A. Ross, David Kimberlin
Summary: cCMV infection is a major cause of hearing loss and neurological disabilities in children globally. Most infants with cCMV are asymptomatic at birth, but 10-15% will develop hearing loss. Diagnosis relies on detecting the virus from urine or saliva within the first three weeks of life, with saliva PCR being the preferred method. Prevention strategies are limited, and antiviral therapy is standard for infants with symptomatic cCMV.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ming Hu, Bo Yu, Bingxu Zhang, Bin Wang, Dongmeng Qian, Huanting Li, Junwei Ma, David X. Liu
Summary: The study revealed that HCMV infection can trigger a stress response in glioma cells by modulating ATF5 levels through downregulating specific miRNA, with miR-134-Sp identified as the key candidate to reverse ATF5 protein upregulation. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the interaction between HCMV infection and cellular stress responses in cancer cells.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yuka Torii, Ichiro Morioka, Yasumasa Kakei, Kazumichi Fujioka, Yu Kakimoto, Naoto Takahashi, Tetsushi Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Akira Oka, Yoshinori Ito
Summary: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of quantification methods for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection using whole blood and plasma, and explored the relationship between CMV DNA levels and VGCV therapy. The results showed that plasma CMV viral loads were significantly decreased at the end of therapy, and overall, using plasma to measure CMV viral loads is a feasible approach to monitor the efficacy of CMV infection in children.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Stanley A. Plotkin
Summary: Cytomegalovirus is the leading cause of congenital infections, resulting in numerous abnormalities. Despite 50 years of unsuccessful attempts, modern vaccine construction platforms offer hope for an effective prophylactic.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aya Okahashi, Masayuki Kobayashi, Kotoba Okuyama, Naomi Hiraishi, Ichiro Morioka
Summary: Pediatricians and obstetricians in Japan demonstrate high awareness and knowledge of cCMVi, but there are variations in specific areas such as risk factors, patient counseling, and clinical management. There is a need for improved education and consistency in clinical practice among physicians to effectively manage cCMVi.
Article
Virology
Jingui Deng, Yujing Huang, Qing Wang, Jianming Li, Yanping Ma, Ying Qi, Zhongyang Liu, Yibo Li, Qiang Ruan
Summary: This study identified 283 host circRNAs significantly altered by HCMV productive infection through RNA deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, with a focus on circSP100. The kinetics of circSP100 and SP100 mRNA post-infection were found to differ significantly, suggesting unique roles during HCMV infection. Additionally, potential protein interactions with cytoplasmic circSP100 were identified, indicating diverse functions of circSP100 during HCMV infection.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kenji Tanimura, Akiko Uchida, Hitomi Imafuku, Shinya Tairaku, Kazumichi Fujioka, Ichiro Morioka, Hideto Yamada
Summary: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause severe long-term sequelae, and early antiviral therapy may improve neurological outcomes in infants. Maternal serological screening for cCMV infection may not be efficient due to various causes of infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Alagie Jassey, Michael A. Wagner, Ganna Galitska, Bimal Paudel, Katelyn Miller, William T. Jackson
Summary: This study found that starvation-induced autophagy can attenuate EV-D68 replication, inhibit the formation of virus-induced membranes, and prevent its replication, providing important clues for a broad-spectrum anti-picornavirus strategy.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sara Ferrini, Elena Grego, Ugo Ala, Giulia Cagnotti, Flaminia Valentini, Giorgia Di Muro, Barbara Iulini, Maria Cristina Stella, Claudio Bellino, Antonio D'Angelo
Summary: This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the microbial composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cattle with central nervous system (CNS) disorders and found the presence of a microbial community in the CSF. The results challenge the previous belief that CSF is sterile in healthy individuals.
VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Cinzia Borgogna, Licia Martuscelli, Carlotta Olivero, Irene Lo Cigno, Marco De Andrea, Valeria Caneparo, Renzo Boldorini, Girish Patel, Marisa Gariglio
Summary: The combination of HPV infection, immune defects, and UVB exposure promotes skin cancer development.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Angelo Valerio V. Marzano, Chiara Moltrasio, Giovanni Genovese, Marco De Andrea, Valeria Caneparo, Pamela Vezzoli, Denise Morotti, Paolo Sena, Marina Venturini, Simonetta Battocchio, Valentina Caputo, Nathalie Rizzo, Carlo Alberto Maronese, Luigia Venegoni, Francesca Laura Boggio, Franco Rongioletti, Piergiacomo Calzavara-Pinton, Emilio Berti
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and skin manifestations, and found that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in only 38% of patients' skin samples. The research suggests that the occurrence of skin lesions mainly depends on the activation of the immune system, rather than a specific cutaneous phenotype.
Article
Pathology
Luca Licenziato, Lucia Minoli, Ugo Ala, Laura Marconato, Antonella Fanelli, Diana Giannuzzi, Raffaella De Maria, Selina Iussich, Giulia Orlando, Francesco Bertoni, Luca Aresu
Summary: We identified a 6-gene signature associated with lymphoma-specific survival in canine DLBCL, which can be used as a robust biomarker to predict prognosis. Our results suggest that enhancing tumor antigen recognition and cytotoxic activity is important for achieving a more effective response to chemo-immunotherapy.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ugo Ala, Paolo Bajardi, Mario Giacobini, Luigi Bertolotti
Summary: The widespread use of antiviral drugs leads to increased environmental pollution levels, impacting animal behavior and ecological and evolutionary balances. This study focuses on the effects on avian influenza and evaluates the evolutionary rate and behavior of H5N1 viral strains in the presence of oseltamivir environmental pollution.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alessia Candellone, Paola Badino, Flavia Girolami, Ugo Ala, Floriana Mina, Rosangela Odore
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern that requires the One Health approach to manage. Pet-owner collaboration with prescribing vets is crucial for the effective use of antibiotics in companion animals. An online survey of dog owners revealed their awareness of AMR and their willingness to use alternatives to antibiotics for the management of canine acute diarrhea. Further efforts are needed to increase public knowledge on AMR and to develop treatment guidelines for uncomplicated canine AD.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Penelope Banchi, Barbara Colitti, Andrea Del Carro, Michela Corro, Alessia Bertero, Ugo Ala, Angela Del Carro, Ann Van Soom, Luigi Bertolotti, Ada Rota
Summary: This study aimed to assess the presence of bacteria in pregnancy tissues of healthy canine and feline fetuses. It found that bacteria were present in the endometrium, amniotic fluid, and meconium, but at very low levels. The study also suggested a possible contamination from the dam's skin, although further research is needed. These findings indicate that healthy canine and feline fetuses may develop in the presence of low amounts of bacteria, but stricter protocols are necessary to check for contamination and provide information on bacterial viability.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Alessia Spadavecchia, Francesco Cresi, Agata Leone, Valentina Dell'Oste, Matteo Biolatti, Ganna Galitska, Alessandra Coscia, Sonia Deantoni, Cinzia Valenza, Enrico Bertino, Chiara Peila
Summary: This short communication explores the correlation between virological features of different HCMV strains and clinical phenotypes of congenitally infected newborns, proposing new possible prognostic factors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Elisa Fanunza, Adam Z. Z. Cheng, Ashley A. Auerbach, Bojana Stefanovska, Sofia N. Moraes, James R. Lokensgard, Matteo Biolatti, Valentina Dell'Oste, Craig J. Bierle, Wade A. Bresnahan, Reuben S. Harris
Summary: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections can range from asymptomatic to severe. HCMV has developed strategies to overcome host-encoded antiviral defenses. HCMV infection causes APOBEC3B to relocalize from the nuclear compartment to the cytoplasm, suggesting a potential antiviral strategy against HCMV.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Matteo Biolatti, Marco Blangetti, Melissa Baggieri, Antonella Marchi, Silvia Gioacchini, Greta Bajetto, Davide Arnodo, Paola Bucci, Raoul Fioravanti, Maedeh Kojouri, Matteo Bersani, Giulia D'Arrigo, Lydia Siragusa, Simone Ghinato, Marco De Andrea, Francesca Gugliesi, Camilla Albano, Selina Pasquero, Ivan Visentin, Emilio D'Ugo, Francesca Esposito, Paolo Malune, Enzo Tramontano, Cristina Prandi, Francesca Spyrakis, Fabio Magurano, Valentina Dell'Oste
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the possibility of emerging coronavirus strains highlight the urgent need for new pan-coronavirus inhibitors. Strigolactones (SLs), a class of plant hormones, have been found to have antiviral activity against herpesviruses including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). This study shows that synthetic SLs can inhibit the replication of β-coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43. In silico simulations suggest that SLs bind to the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, which was confirmed by in vitro assays. These findings indicate the potential efficacy of SLs as broad-spectrum antivirals against β-coronaviruses and suggest their possible repurposing for COVID-19 treatment.
ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Isabella Manenti, Irene Viola, Ugo Ala, Paolo Cornale, Elisabetta Macchi, Paola Toschi, Eugenio Martignani, Mario Baratta, Silvia Miretti
Summary: Farm procedures have an impact on animal welfare and induce physiological responses. This study identified miRNAs expressed in sheep saliva and found significant differences in their expression patterns between cortisol clusters. The trend analysis suggests a possible cooperation between miR-16b and miR-21 in stress response.
Article
Fisheries
Cristina Vercelli, Michela Amadori, Massimiliano Tursi, Graziana Gambino, Paolo Pastorino, Marino Prearo, Ugo Ala, Raffaella Barbero, Giovanni Re
Summary: The present study aimed to identify TRPV1 receptors in rainbow trout organs and RT-gill W1 cells and evaluate the modulation induced by F1-BEO. TRPV1 was found to be expressed in all organs, with higher positivity in the muscle layers of the stomach, intestine, and kidneys. F1-BEO increased TRPV1 expression in the stomach but decreased expression in the bowel, suggesting a potential role in the regulation of trout digestive function.