Journal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
Volume 136, Issue 13, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/app.47270
Keywords
aluminum hydroxide; flame retardancy; synergism; unsaturated polyester resin
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Funding
- Rochling Stiftung GmbH
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The influence of the specific surface area of aluminum trihydrate (ATH) on the synergism to different phosphorus-based flame retardants (FRs) in unsaturated polyester (UP) resin was investigated. Flammability and thermal stability of UP composites were evaluated with UL-94 vertical burning, thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimetry. The morphology of char residues was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An interaction between crystalline ATH (4.5 m(2) g(-1)) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) or zinc diethylphosphinate (DEPZn) was observed. When 37 wt % ATH and 8 wt % AHP or DEPZn were incorporated, samples passed V-0 in UL-94 tests. Furthermore, peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced by introduction of phosphorus containing FRs compared to a formulation containing solely crystalline ATH. The incorporation of amorphous ATH (300 m(2) g(-1)) leaded to lower UL-94 ratings, using the same amount of AHP or DEPZn. In comparison to crystalline ATH, an addition of phosphorus containing FRs did not lead to a decrease of PHRR and THR for amorphous ATH. SEM of the residues showed that the combination of crystalline ATH with phosphorus species having hydrogen/carbon rich environment formed a dense and tough layer. The combination of crystalline ATH with phosphorus species providing oxygen rich environment gives fragile residues. An incorporation of amorphous ATH leaded to a fragile residue as well. (c) 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47270.
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