Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emi Tanaka, Takakazu Mitani, Momona Nakashima, Eito Yonemoto, Hiroshi Fujii, Hitoshi Ashida
Summary: Theobromine (TB) induces browning in subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice, increasing UCP1 expression and potentially offering a treatment for obesity.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shun Watanabe, Riki Haruyama, Koji Umezawa, Ikuo Tomioka, Soichiro Nakamura, Shigeru Katayama, Takakazu Mitani
Summary: In this study, the effects of genistein on the NAD+ level in adipocytes and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Genistein was found to enhance NAD+ biosynthesis by increasing the expression of NAMPT. PHB1 was identified as a target protein of genistein and its binding contributed to the stabilization of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta. Genistein also dephosphorylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and increased the level of adiponectin. These findings suggest the potential efficacy of genistein in increasing the NAD+ level and restoring metabolic function in adipocytes.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanhao Qiu, Mailin Gan, Xingyu Wang, Tianci Liao, Qiuyang Chen, Yuhang Lei, Lei Chen, Jinyong Wang, Ye Zhao, Lili Niu, Yan Wang, Shunhua Zhang, Li Zhu, Linyuan Shen
Summary: Excessive expansion of adipocytes can lead to ectopic fat deposition, increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays a crucial role in fat cell differentiation and adipogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Catarina Teixeira, Andre P. Sousa, Ines Santos, Ana Catarina Rocha, Ines Alencastre, Ana Claudia Pereira, Daniela Martins-Mendes, Pedro Barata, Pilar Baylina, Ruben Fernandes
Summary: This study demonstrates that pioglitazone enhances adipocyte differentiation and secretome production, making it an excellent model for studying adiposity. The study also proposes an improved method for adipocyte secretome production, which can be used for experimental biology studies to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of adiposity on other cells.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhijun He, Xiaoqian Li, Zi Wang, Sixin Tu, Jiale Feng, Xiubo Du, Jiazuan Ni, Nan Li, Qiong Liu
Summary: EsA shows protective effects on mitigating cognitive deficits and pathology in triple transgenic AD mice by increasing PPAR gamma expression to reduce A beta generation, oxidative and ER stress, and neuronal apoptosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahesha Gangadhariah, Triveni Pardhi, Jahnavi Ravilla, Subhash Chandra, Sridevi Annapurna Singh
Summary: PPAR gamma agonists are effective in treating type 2 diabetes but have severe side effects. Lemon contains eriocitrin, which may have potential as a PPAR gamma agonist.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hao Yu, Xinxing Gao, Qilai Ge, Wenjun Tai, Xue Hao, Qi Shao, Zhiyuan Fang, Meng Chen, Yuxiang Song, Wenwen Gao, Guowen Liu, Xiliang Du, Xinwei Li
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of TNF-a on adiponectin production in calf adipocytes and to identify the underlying mechanism. The researchers found that TNF-a reduced adiponectin production by attenuating PPAR? transcriptional activity. This suggests that locally elevated levels of TNF-a in adipose tissue may contribute to the decrease in circulating adiponectin in periparturient dairy cows.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Riham M. Mansour, Nesrine S. El Sayed, Maha A. E. Ahmed, Ayman E. El-Sahar
Summary: This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of telmisartan in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that telmisartan improved motor and cognitive functioning, reduced neuronal inflammation and apoptosis, and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis through PPAR gamma activation.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Iason Psilopatis, Kleio Vrettou, Florian Nima Fleckenstein, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: Preeclampsia is a common hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, and PPARs play a significant role in its pathophysiology. Studies have shown contradictory conclusions regarding PPAR expression in preeclamptic placentae, but PPAR gamma agonists have been identified as a novel and potent anti-preeclamptic treatment option.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iason Psilopatis, Kleio Vrettou, Constantinos Troungos, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the United States. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins which regulate gene expression. In our literature review of 27 relevant studies published between 2000 and 2023, it was found that PPAR alpha and PPAR beta/delta isoforms were upregulated in endometrial cancer cells, while PPAR gamma levels were significantly lower. Interestingly, PPAR agonists were found to be potent anti-cancer therapeutic alternatives. Overall, PPARs seem to play a significant role in endometrial cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lara Senn, Anna-Maria Costa, Rossella Avallone, Katarzyna Socala, Piotr Wlaz, Giuseppe Biagini
Summary: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), known for its role in metabolic disorders, has been increasingly investigated for its potential involvement in neurological diseases, particularly in epilepsy. Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder, has a significant impact on patients' psychological, social, and economic well-being. With a global prevalence of 0.5%-1.0%, epilepsy ranks fourth in importance among neurological disorders. This review focuses on recent findings regarding the intracellular processes dependent on PPAR gamma and their potential anti-seizure effects, as well as promising results from clinical investigations involving PPAR gamma agonists and the ketogenic diet in epilepsy rodent models.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiroyuki Miyachi
Summary: Recent progress in understanding the structure and pharmacology of hPPAR gamma has allowed for investigation of various ligands and their effects on biological responses. These ligands serve as valuable tools for studying hPPAR gamma function and potential drugs for hPPAR gamma-related diseases. This review summarizes the medicinal chemistry research on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of hPPAR gamma antagonists based on the induction/inhibition concept of helix 12 (H12) and presents X-ray crystallographic analyses of their unique binding modes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chiara Annunziata, Claudio Pirozzi, Adriano Lama, Martina Senzacqua, Federica Comella, Antonella Bordin, Anna Monnolo, Alessandra Pelagalli, Maria Carmela Ferrante, Maria Pina Mollica, Angelo Iossa, Elena De Falco, Giuseppina Mattace Raso, Saverio Cinti, Antonio Giordano, Rosaria Meli
Summary: The potential role of brown and beige adipose tissue against obesity has been recognized. Browning or beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with the remodeling of adipocytes and the improvement of their metabolic and secretory functions. In this study, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) was found to restore the plasticity of brown and white adipocytes impaired in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). PEA promotes the beige-conversion of the subcutaneous WAT, increases thermogenic markers, and restores leptin signaling and tissue hormone sensitivity. The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha and AMPK phosphorylation play important roles in the effects of PEA.
Article
Fisheries
Xiang-Yu Wu, Li Nie, Xin-Jiang Lu, Chen-Jie Fei, Jiong Chen
Summary: In this study, the role of PPAR gamma in immune regulation in teleost fish was investigated. Results showed that the expression of LcPPAR gamma changed during infection and DHA treatment, and was associated with the expression of immune-related genes.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yi-Hsin Lai, Tai-Chieh Wu, Bo-Yang Tsai, Yuan-Pin Hung, Hsiao-Ju Lin, Yau-Sheng Tsai, Wen-Chien Ko, Pei-Jane Tsai
Summary: PPAR-γ plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CDI by regulating colonic inflammation and integrity.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jin Tanaka, Fuka Ishikawa, Tomoki Jinno, Motoki Miyakita, Haruka Miyamori, Tsutomu Sasaki, Takumi Yokokawa, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuo Inoue, Shigenobu Matsumura
Summary: cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTCs) play important roles in energy metabolism, and CRTCs in Sim1 cells have critical regulatory functions in energy homeostasis, especially in female mice.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shigenobu Matsumura, Motoki Miyakita, Haruka Miyamori, Satomi Kyo, Daisuke Shima, Takumi Yokokawa, Fuka Ishikawa, Tsutomu Sasaki, Tomoki Jinno, Jin Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Goto, Keiko Momma, Kengo Ishihara, Rebecca Berdeaux, Kazuo Inoue
Summary: This study demonstrates that G(s) signaling in MC4R-expressing cells regulates energy expenditure, appetite, and locomotor activity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kentaro Kaneko, Yukihiro Takekuma, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kousaku Ohinata
Summary: This study demonstrated that YHIEPV increases neural leptin responsiveness and reduces body weight gain in mice with dietary obesity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Wataru Nomura, Su-Ping Ng, Terunao Takahara, Tatsuya Maeda, Teruo Kawada, Tsuyoshi Goto, Yoshiharu Inoue
Summary: This study found that methylglyoxal (MG) activates the TORC2-Ypk1/2 and TORC2-Pkc1 signaling pathways, and that phosphatidylserine plays a role in their activation. The Rho family GTPase Cdc42 and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, Plc1, were also found to contribute to the activation of these signaling pathways.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Manato Kenmochi, Satoko Kawarasaki, Satsuki Takizawa, Kazuhiko Okamura, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kunitoshi Uchida
Summary: Activation of Piezo1 in brown adipocytes suppresses differentiation via the calcineurin pathway.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shinsuke Mohri, Haruya Takahashi, Maiko Sakai, Naoko Waki, Shingo Takahashi, Koichi Aizawa, Hiroyuki Suganuma, Takeshi Ara, Tatsuya Sugawara, Daisuke Shibata, Yasuki Matsumura, Tsuyoshi Goto, Teruo Kawada
Summary: This study identified metabolites from tomato that activate the adiponectin signaling pathway. The carotenoids beta-carotene and lycopene were found to activate AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake through the adiponectin receptor. These findings provide insight into the role of adiponectin in metabolism regulation, highlighting the importance of food-derived carotenoids.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Su-Ping Ng, Wataru Nomura, Haruya Takahashi, Kazuo Inoue, Teruo Kawada, Tsuyoshi Goto, Yoshiharu Inoue
Summary: This study found that methylglyoxal (MG) activates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in adipocytes. Activation of the TAK1-p38-mTORC1 signaling axis by MG leads to multiple serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), which may contribute to insulin resistance.
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naoki Harada, Keitaro Kubo, Teruaki Onishi, Tomoya Kitakaze, Tsuyoshi Goto, Hiroshi Inui, Ryoichi Yamaji
Summary: This study found that males have lower body temperature compared to females, and the androgen-androgen receptor (AR) signaling suppresses adrenergic receptor-mediated thermogenesis, providing an explanation for sexual differences in body temperature.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haruya Takahashi, Motohiro Tokura, Satoko Kawarasaki, Hiroyuki Nagai, Mari Iwase, Kento Nishitani, Haruka Okaze, Shinsuke Mohri, Tetsuro Ito, Takeshi Ara, Huei-Fen Jheng, Wataru Nomura, Teruo Kawada, Kazuo Inoue, Tsuyoshi Goto
Summary: The study demonstrated the significance of IMP metabolism in adipocyte browning, confirming this hypothesis by affecting Ucp-1 expression with mycophenolic acid. Additionally, a single administration of mycophenolate mofetil induced adipocyte browning and miniaturization, resulting in a decrease in adipose tissue weight.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shigenobu Matsumura, Motoki Miyakita, Haruka Miyamori, Satomi Kyo, Fuka Ishikawa, Tsutomu Sasaki, Tomoki Jinno, Jin Tanaka, Kotomi Fujita, Takumi Yokokawa, Tsuyoshi Goto, Keiko Momma, Shigeo Takenaka, Kazuo Inoue
Summary: Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency leads to overeating and reduced energy expenditure. The expression of Cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein-1-regulated transcription coactivator-1 (CRTC1) in MC4R cells is required for appetite regulation in response to high-fat diet.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Satoko Kawarasaki, Honami Sawazaki, Hiroaki Iijima, Haruya Takahashi, Wataru Nomura, Kazuo Inoue, Teruo Kawada, Tsuyoshi Goto
Summary: Comprehensive management of multiple risk factors is crucial in preventing disease progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Combination therapy with teneligliptin and canagliflozin has been found to suppress high-fat diet-induced weight gain and modulate the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. This combination therapy may be effective in managing body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jungin Kwon, Yu-Sheng Yeh, Satoko Kawarasaki, Hiroto Minamino, Yoshihito Fujita, Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura, Haruya Takahashi, Wataru Nomura, Shigenobu Matsumura, Rina Yu, Kazuhiro Kimura, Masayuki Saito, Nobuya Inagaki, Kazuo Inoue, Teruo Kawada, Tsuyoshi Goto
Summary: This study demonstrates the role of the mevalonate (MVA) biosynthesis pathway in regulating brown adipocyte development and survival. Inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in the MVA pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), suppresses brown adipocyte differentiation and leads to apoptosis of mature brown adipocytes. The study reveals that geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) generated from the MVA pathway is essential for brown adipocyte development and survival.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shohei Katsuya, Yoshikazu Kawata, Tsuyoshi Goto, Jun Tsubota
Summary: There is growing interest in ketone metabolism due to its potential health benefits. Daily intake of D-BHB, a supplement that increases plasma ketone levels, may promote weight loss and reduce body fat. In a 12-week study with Japanese adults, D-BHB intake resulted in a significant decrease in visceral fat without any adverse effects or discomfort. These findings suggest that D-BHB supplementation could be an effective strategy for fat reduction.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND VITAMINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huei-Fen Jheng, Miho Takase, Satoko Kawarasaki, Zheng Ni, Shinsuke Mohri, Kanako Hayashi, Atsushi Izumi, Kuni Sasaki, Yu Shinyama, Jungin Kwon, Su-Ping Ng, Haruya Takahashi, Wataru Nomura, Rina Yu, Koji Ochiai, Kazuo Inoue, Teruo Kawada, Tsuyoshi Goto
Summary: It was found that 8-prenyl daidzein and 8-prenyl genistein, metabolites produced during soybean germination, had stronger anti-inflammatory effects than daidzein and genistein. They suppressed nuclear factor kappa B activation by reducing ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK activation, and phosphorylation of mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1. Inflammatory responses induced by hypertrophic adipocyte secretions were successfully suppressed by 8-PD and 8-PG treatment. In addition, they significantly inhibited proinflammatory C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 secretion from adipose tissues of mice fed a long-term high-fat diet.
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Satoko Kawarasaki, Kazuki Matsuo, Hidetoshi Kuwata, Lanxi Zhou, Jungin Kwon, Zheng Ni, Haruya Takahashi, Wataru Nomura, Hisanori Kenmotsu, Kazuo Inoue, Teruo Kawada, Tsuyoshi Goto
Summary: In this study, a Ucp1-luciferase reporter preadipocyte line was established for screening Ucp1-inductive compounds. A novel compound, 5-methylquinoxaline, was identified as an inducer of Ucp1 expression through the PGC1α pathway, leading to increased oxygen consumption. This reporter preadipocyte line can be a useful tool for identifying other Ucp1 inducers.
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)