Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 52, Issue 21, Pages 12456-12464Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02486
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Funding
- Climate Change and Air Pollutants Program of Environment and Climate Change Canada
- Province of Alberta through the Oil Sands Monitoring Program
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This study produced gridded deposition estimates of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 21 alkylated PAHs (alk-PAHs), and 5 dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), over the oil sands region of Alberta, Canada and surrounding communities. Gridded annual total deposition of PACs in 2011 ranged from 55 to 175 000 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) and the mean and median fluxes were 1700 and 760 mu g m(-2) yr(-1), respectively. The domain-wide mean dry and wet deposition were 600 and 1100 mu g m(-2) yr(-1). PAHs, alk-PAHs and DBTs contributed 19%, 74%, and 7% to the total dry deposition, and 42%, 49%, and 9% to the total wet deposition. Dominant chemical species contributing to total deposition were naphthalene, retene and phenanthrene for PAHs and C2-benz[a]anthracene/triphenylene/chrysene, C2-fluoranthene/pyrene and C2-fluorene for alk-PAHs. The highest PAC deposition was found over the surface mineable area, which received 9 times the deposition flux of outlying areas. Additional deposition hotspots were also observed south of the surface mineable area notably over in situ bitumen production sites. The deposition of alk-PAHs impacted a more extensive area than that of PAHs or DBTs. This result suggests that atmospheric deposition is a key process in wildlife exposure to PACs across the region.
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