Article
Construction & Building Technology
Fei Lu, Zhenyu Yu, Yu Zou, Xudong Yang
Summary: This study developed a method to evaluate the energy flexibility of zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) and applied it to an office building in Beijing, China. The results showed that the building has considerable flexibility in responding to energy supply, but boundary conditions and event start times can affect its performance.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Stanislav Chicherin, Andrey Zhuikov, Lyazzat Junussova
Summary: This study examines the factors influencing indoor temperature and proposes a new approach to study district heating (DH) systems under real operating conditions. The research finds that internal heat gains and variations in outdoor temperature greatly impact indoor temperature. It suggests utilizing the storage capacity of building envelopes to transfer heat and achieve energy savings.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ruud Egging-Bratseth, Hanne Kauko, Brage Rugstad Knudsen, Sara Angell Bakke, Amina Ettayebi, Ina Renate Haufe
Summary: Low-temperature district heating is a key technology for efficient urban heat supply, enabling the integration of waste heat and renewable heat sources. By optimizing operational flexibility through demand side management and seasonal storage, significant reductions in carbon emissions and operational costs can be achieved.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Adrian Fratean, Petru Dobra
Summary: Buildings, as the main energy consumers, can also act as smart energy hubs to provide demand side flexibility for the grid. By controlling heating and cooling, buildings can adjust their flexibility and different methods can be used to evaluate the energy flexibility of buildings.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jared Langevin, Aven Satre-Meloy, Andrew J. Satchwell, Ryan Hledik, Julia Olszewski, Kate Peters, Handi Chandra-Putra
Summary: Buildings are a major source of carbon emissions in the US, and deeper reductions are needed to achieve the net-zero emissions goal by 2050. By implementing building efficiency, demand flexibility, electrification measures, and rapid grid decarbonization, building CO2 emissions can be reduced by up to 91% from 2005 levels by 2050. Furthermore, these measures can generate significant cost savings and offset a substantial portion of the incremental cost of full grid decarbonization.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Joao Carlos Simoes, Marta J. N. Oliveira Panao, Guilherme Carrilho da Graca
Summary: In order to stabilize the grid and reduce the demand for grid level energy storage, building owners are encouraged to adjust their energy needs in demand response programs. This paper presents a new soft sensor approach to estimate the demand flexibility of cooling dominated service buildings. The potential of this flexibility is assessed in a typical modern office through simulation.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jinfu Zheng, Zhigang Zhou, Jianing Zhao, Songtao Hu, Jinda Wang
Summary: A new IHPD model with the application of IHM was developed to promote wind power integration. The study introduced a novel dual hydraulic parameter calibration method and an innovative method for determining optimal heating start-stop times, successfully analyzing the effects of IHM on IHPD system and the optimized hydraulic-thermal characteristics of DHS.
Review
Thermodynamics
Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda
Summary: This paper is the first survey on the use of demand side application in district heating networks, clarifying the terminology and implementation stages. Demand side management is considered as a great technique for district heating management, achieving benefits such as peak shaving, doubled load factor, and reduction of primary energy needs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcelo Salgado-Bravo, Matias Negrete-Pincetic, Aristides Kiprakis
Summary: A flexibility estimation model is proposed to evaluate the immediate aggregate flexibility response in a day-ahead scheme. The model schedules appliances and calculates aggregated flexibility based on energy and flexibility prices. It uses an alternative flexibility scenario approach to evaluate immediate flexibility available for the next 15 minutes or 4 hours. New flexibility constraints are introduced for specific appliances, and the model is tested under different energy price schemes to observe the influence on flexibility offered.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Fangcheng Kou, Qipeng Gong, Yu Zou, Jinhan Mo, Xin Wang
Summary: In this study, an efficient method based on particle swarm optimization is proposed for optimizing the thermal properties of Building Integrated Heat Pipes (BIHP). The key thermal properties of the heat pipe and the exterior and interior envelopes are optimized. The research evaluates the solar application potential of BIHP in improving indoor thermal discomfort and achieving zero-carbon heating.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Christian Utama, Sebastian Troitzsch, Jagruti Thakur
Summary: This study investigates the demand-side flexibility potential of Singapore's building stock and explores how it can be realized through demand-side bidding. Through a case study in Singapore's Downtown Core district, factors such as building types, cooling load, and occupancy schedule were found to impact DSF potential. Demand-side bidding, compared to centralized dispatch, can help consumers utilize their energy resources more effectively, reducing total electricity costs.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yurun Guo, Shugang Wang, Jihong Wang, Tengfei Zhang, Zhenjun Ma, Shuang Jiang
Summary: This paper reviews the development of the new generation of district heating systems and provides an overview of research on building energy flexibility in the field of heating. It categorizes and summarizes different technologies and discusses control strategies, analyzing the realization of thermal energy flexibility and potential challenges in the development of the new generation of district heating systems.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ruixin Wang, Mingyang Cong, Zhigang Zhou, Cun Wei, Long Ni, Jing Liu, Jian Chen
Summary: Multi-user heating buildings based on demand-side adjustment have the potential to save energy and improve heat efficiency. This study establishes a multi-level control model based on the actual situation of a multi-user heating building, and investigates the adjustment characteristics to effectively control the system. The results show that the adjustment mode and control period have significant effects on the heating system.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Joao Bravo Dias, Guilherme Carrilho da Graca
Summary: This paper examines the effectiveness of turning off HVAC systems to offset temporary reductions in BIPV output due to passing clouds. The analysis shows that it is possible to reduce HVAC grid energy demand by 60% during the cooling season while maintaining acceptable thermal comfort through HVAC control-based energy flexibility.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hessam Golmohamadi
Summary: This paper reviews the flexibility potentials of demand sectors, including residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural, to facilitate the integration of renewable energies into power systems. It discusses how different sectors can provide flexibility through new technologies and systems.
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Lasse Christiansen, Yovko Ivanov Antonov, Rasmus Lund Jensen, Emmanuel Arthur, Lis Wollesen de Jonge, Per Moldrup, Hicham Johra, Peter Fojan
Summary: Fibre materials are commonly used for insulation in clothing and construction, and understanding the correlation between thermal conductivity and gas permeability can lead to improved energy efficiency and product quality. This study investigates this relationship for Rockwool, Kevlar, and polyester fibres, and finds that a transition zone exists where gas permeability and thermal conductivity change with compaction. This correlation can be used for rapid thermal conductivity assessment in various industries.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yue Hu, Per Kvols Heiselberg, Christian Drivsholm, Asger Skod Sovso, Pierre J. C. Vogler-Finck, Kim Kronby
Summary: This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on PCM storage integrated with an HVAC system. The research found that the temperature effectiveness of the PCM storage depends more on the PCM quantity rather than the discharge inlet air temperature and airflow rate. Additionally, the study concluded that the energy cost can be reduced by implementing PCM storage while maintaining indoor thermal comfort, with a payback time of seven years compared to HVAC system without PCM.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Katinka Johansen, Hicham Johra
Summary: This research explores the potential and limitations of using the built environment for short term thermal energy storage as a demand-side management strategy in the Danish district heating sector. The findings suggest that this energy flexibility strategy can address network congestion issues and reduce network capacity requirements, but it also faces challenges such as hardware balancing, maintenance, and conflicting incentives among stakeholders. Business models that prioritize environmental values and priorities can incentivize sustainable heat-use behaviors among certain groups of end users.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Simon P. Melgaard, Kamilla H. Andersen, Anna Marszal-Pomianowska, Rasmus L. Jensen, Per K. Heiselberg
Summary: This review provides an overview of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) in building systems, revealing that FDD for buildings is still in its early stages globally with inconsistent use of terminologies and definitions. A lack of data statements in reviewed articles could impact reproducibility and practical development in this field.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Soren S. Sorensen, Pawel P. Cielecki, Hicham Johra, Michal Bockowski, Esben Skovsen, Yuanzheng Yue, Morten M. Smedskjaer
Summary: The study provides detailed insights into the thermal conductivity of calcium aluminosilicate glass, highlighting the significant impact of pressure on its mechanical, vibrational, and thermal properties. The correlation between boson peak frequency and total thermal conductivity, which scales with Debye frequency, is also revealed.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yovko Ivanov Antonov, Kim Trangbaek Jonsson, Per Heiselberg, Michal Zbigniew Pomianowski
Summary: Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) is becoming a standard in the EU, and this study explores the influential parameters in Life Cycle Cost (LCC) calculations for cost-effective NZEB-compliant buildings. The study finds that energy supply, attic insulation, gas price, and heat pump lifetime are the most influential parameters.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anders Rhiger Hansen, Daniel Leiria, Hicham Johra, Anna Marszal-Pomianowska
Summary: This study examines the correlations between heating consumption and socio-economic characteristics in 803 Danish households using smart meter data. The study finds that higher-income households consume more energy during the evening peak, while blue-collar and unemployed households use less energy during the morning peak. The study suggests that controlling the timing of heating demand should consider the embeddedness in stable socio-temporal structures rather than relying on individual households' ability to time-shift energy practices.
Article
Thermodynamics
Daniel Leiria, Hicham Johra, Anna Marszal-Pomianowska, Michal Zbigniew Pomianowski
Summary: This article introduces a new methodology to disaggregate the energy demand for space heating and domestic hot water production from single hourly smart heat meters in Denmark. The new approach can be easily applied to different building types without detailed knowledge about the dwellings and occupants. The paper presents and compares various algorithms to separate and estimate the space heating and domestic hot water demand. The validation using a dataset of 28 Danish apartments shows that the best method to identify data points related to domestic hot water production events is the maximum peaks approach. The combination of a Kalman filter and Support Vector Regression is found to be the best algorithm to estimate the space heating and domestic hot water demand separately, outperforming the current Danish compliances.
Article
Thermodynamics
Bin Qian, Tao Yu, Chen Zhang, Per Heiselberg, Bo Lei, Li Yang
Summary: In the simulation of building overheating risks, the traditional TMY method using uniform weighting factors may lead to deviations in simulation results, affecting the accuracy of evaluation. Therefore, an improved TMY method based on the Finkelstein-Schafer statistical method is proposed, considering the climate characteristics and correlation with indoor simulation outputs. The results show that the improved TMY method is closer to long-term outdoor weather data distribution, reducing differences in overheating performance evaluation.
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Han Li, Hicham Johra, Flavia de Andrade Pereira, Tianzhen Hong, Jerome Le Dreau, Anthony Maturo, Mingjun Wei, Yapan Liu, Ali Saberi-Derakhtenjani, Zoltan Nagy, Anna Marszal-Pomianowska, Donal Finn, Shohei Miyata, Kathryn Kaspar, Kingsley Nweye, Zheng O'Neill, Fabiano Pallonetto, Bing Dong
Summary: Energy flexibility is important for balancing the fluctuating supply and demand in energy grids. This paper provides a review of data-driven energy flexibility key performance indicators (KPIs) for buildings and open datasets for testing these KPIs. The review identifies 48 KPIs from recent publications and evaluates 16 datasets suitable for demand response or building-to-grid services. Future opportunities include developing new methodologies, baseline-free KPIs, promoting standardization, and curating datasets for energy flexibility assessment.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bin Qian, Tao Yu, Chen Zhang, Per Kvols Heiselberg, Bo Lei, Li Yang
Summary: This study investigates the suitability of different definitions of heat wave events (HWEs) in assessing building overheating performance. Four HWE definitions are used to detect HWEs in three cities in China under different climate scenarios. The study compares the characteristics of HWEs with different definitions and proposes a definition for indoor HWEs. The relationship between indoor HWEs and HWEs detected by different definitions is analyzed. The results suggest that relative HWE definition is more applicable and using average temperature for threshold determination is preferred.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Iason-Iraklis Avramidis, Florin Capitanescu, Geert Deconinck, Himanshu Nagpal, Per Heiselberg, Andre Madureira
Summary: Recent geopolitical developments have made global decarbonization a top priority, but transitioning to a low-carbon energy system is challenging. The rapid growth of renewable technologies introduces unprecedented uncertainty in decision-making for operators, and increasing electrification strains the power grid. Electricity customers now play an active role in the system rather than being passive, and demand-side flexibility is seen as crucial to stimulate customers to modify their consumption patterns and contribute to energy supply through local production. Residential, office, and commercial buildings, which account for about 30%-40% of total energy consumption, offer significant potential for providing flexibility services.
IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
Simon Pommerencke Melgaard, Ivan Titov Nikolaisson, Chen Zhang, Hicham Johra, Olena Kalyanova Larsen
Summary: This study focuses on the challenges of dynamic simulation of a double-skin facade (DSF) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It highlights the lack of validated models and benchmarking datasets, as well as the lack of consensus on successfully validated DSF models in the scientific community. The study also presents a series of CFD simulations varying key aspects of DSF modelling and compares the results to empirical data to determine the best simulation settings.
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jerome Le Dreau, Rui Amaral Lopes, Sarah 'Connell, Donal Finn, Maomao Hu, Humberto Queiroz, Dani Alexander, Andrew Satchwell, Doris Osterreicher, Ben Polly, Alessia Arteconi, Flavia de Andrade Pereira, Monika Hall, Tugcin Kirant-Mitic, Hanmin Cai, Hicham Johra, Hussain Kazmi, Rongling Li, Aaron Liu, Lorenzo Nespoli, Muhammad Hafeez Saeed
Summary: This paper examines building energy flexibility at an aggregated level and addresses the main barriers and research gaps for the development of this resource across three design and development phases. The paper proposes targeted research directions to address challenges and promote greater energy flexibility deployments.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gaurav Chaudhary, Hicham Johra, Laurent Georges, Bjorn Austbo
Summary: Synconn_build is an open-source tool designed to address the lack of datasets for benchmarking control-oriented building dynamics prediction models. The tool automates simulations, data acquisition, and EnergyPlus configuration, guided by user inputs. Synconn_build prevents data overproduction by selectively creating data, offering a user-friendly approach to dataset generation.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Samiran Khorat, Debashish Das, Rupali Khatun, Sk Mohammad Aziz, Prashant Anand, Ansar Khan, Mattheos Santamouris, Dev Niyogi
Summary: Cool roofs can effectively mitigate heatwave-induced excess heat and enhance thermal comfort in urban areas. Implementing cool roofs can significantly improve urban meteorology and thermal comfort, reducing energy flux and heat stress.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Qi Li, Jiayu Chen, Xiaowei Luo
Summary: This study focuses on the vertical wind conditions as a main external factor that limits the energy assessment of high-rise buildings in urban areas. Traditional tools for energy assessment of buildings use a universal vertical wind profile estimation, without taking into account the unique wind speed in each direction induced by the various shapes and configurations of buildings in cities. To address this limitation, the study developed an omnidirectional urban vertical wind speed estimation method using direction-dependent building morphologies and machine learning algorithms.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaojun Luo, Lamine Mahdjoubi
Summary: This paper presents an integrated blockchain and machine learning-based energy management framework for multiple forms of energy allocation and transmission among multiple domestic buildings. Machine learning is used to predict energy generation and consumption patterns, and the proposed framework establishes optimal and automated energy allocation through peer-to-peer energy transactions. The approach contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and enhances environmental sustainability.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ying Yu, Yuanwei Xiao, Jinshuai Chou, Xingyu Wang, Liu Yang
Summary: This study proposes a dual-layer optimization design method to maximize the energy sharing potential, enhance collaborative benefits, and reduce the storage capacity of building clusters. Case studies show that the proposed design significantly improves the performance of building clusters, reduces energy storage capacity, and shortens the payback period.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Felix Langner, Weimin Wang, Moritz Frahm, Veit Hagenmeyer
Summary: This paper compares two main approaches to consider uncertainties in model predictive control (MPC) for buildings: robust and stochastic MPC. The results show that compared to a deterministic MPC, the robust MPC increases the electricity cost while providing complete temperature constraint satisfaction, while the stochastic MPC slightly increases the electricity cost but fulfills the thermal comfort requirements.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Somil Yadav, Caroline Hachem-Vermette
Summary: This study proposes a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of a Double Skin Facade (DSF) system and its impact on indoor conditions. The model considers various design parameters and analyzes their effects on the system's electrical output and room temperature.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ruijun Chen, Holly Samuelson, Yukai Zou, Xianghan Zheng, Yifan Cao
Summary: This research introduces an innovative resilient design framework that optimizes building performance by considering a holistic life cycle perspective and accounting for climate projection uncertainties. The study finds that future climate scenarios significantly impact building life cycle performance, with wall U-value, windows U-value, and wall density being major factors. By using ensemble learning and optimization algorithms, predictions for carbon emissions, cost, and indoor discomfort hours can be made, and the best resilient design scheme can be selected. Applying this framework leads to significant improvements in building life cycle performance.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2024)
