Review
Neurosciences
Henry Querfurth, Han-Kyu Lee
Summary: mTOR is involved in regulating energy metabolism, neuronal growth, insulin signaling, and autophagy, playing both beneficial and pathogenic roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Balanced actions of mTOR complexes may have implications for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Beyond rapamycin, rapalogs with improved tolerability and delivery modes hold promise in treating age-related conditions.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohamed El-Tanani, Hamdi Nsairat, Alaa A. Aljabali, Angel Serrano-Aroca, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Gowhar A. Naikoo, Walhan Alshaer, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a signalling system, is necessary for various cell proliferation activities. It recognizes PI3KAKT stress signals as a serine-threonine kinase. The abnormal regulation of mTOR pathway has been proven to be crucial in cancer growth and advancement. This review primarily discusses the normal functions of mTOR as well as its abnormal roles in cancer development.
Article
Cell Biology
Mariana Borsa, Sandrine Obba, Felix C. Richter, Hanlin Zhang, Thomas Riffelmacher, Joana Carrelha, Ghada Alsaleh, Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen, Anna Katharina Simon
Summary: This study investigates the importance of autophagy in stem cells and finds that autophagy deficiency leads to stem cell loss and bone marrow failure, while inhibition of MTOR can rescue this loss and improve stem cell function.
Article
Ophthalmology
Nozomi Igarashi, Megumi Honjo, Makoto Aihara
Summary: Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is often treated with trabeculectomy, but this surgery can lead to excessive scarring and tissue fibrosis. Studies have shown that mTOR inhibitors may offer a new treatment modality for reducing fibrotic response in human conjunctival fibroblasts and improving bleb scarring after filtration surgery.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alaa Abou Daher, Sahar Alkhansa, William S. Azar, Rim Rafeh, Hilda E. Ghadieh, Assaad A. Eid
Summary: Understanding the mechanisms behind diabetic nephropathy (DN) is crucial for developing effective treatments. The mTOR pathway has been identified as a key player in diabetes-induced kidney injury, through its involvement in insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and autophagy regulation.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Fan Lin, Yunqi Liu, Lili Tang, Xiaohui Xu, Xueli Zhang, Yifan Song, Bicheng Chen, Yeping Ren, Xiangdong Yang
Summary: The study demonstrated that rapamycin protects against aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy by activating the mTOR-autophagy axis. This finding provides evidence for rapamycin as a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of aristolochic acid nephropathy.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andrea Perez-Iturralde, Beatriz Carte, Rafael Aldabe
Summary: The study found that mTOR inhibitors have complex effects on AAV hepatic transduction efficiency, with rapamycin enhancing AAV transduction while RapaLink-1 and MLN0128 do not. This indicates that mTOR inhibition is not a straightforward strategy for improving AAV transduction, and more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in their effects.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Ying Lu, Ziting Jiang, Kaijing Wang, Shanshan Yu, Chongbo Hao, Zuan Ma, Xuelian Fu, Ming Qing Qin, Zengguang Xu, Lieying Fan
Summary: SLC6A14 is upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and promotes tumor progression by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Inhibition of SLC6A14 reduces cell proliferation and migration in vitro and inhibits xenograft tumor growth in vivo. The findings suggest that SLC6A14 may serve as an effective molecular target for the treatment of CRC.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wei Liu, Dong Zhao, Xiaofeng Wu, Fang Yue, Haizhen Yang, Ke Hu
Summary: Rapamycin can ameliorate obstructive sleep apnea-related renal injury by inhibiting the mTOR/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which is of great significance for the kidney health of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Calum Forteath, Ify Mordi, Raid Nisr, Erika J. Gutierrez-Lara, Noor Alqurashi, Iain R. Phair, Amy R. Cameron, Craig Beall, Ibrahim Bahr, Mohapradeep Mohan, Aaron K. F. Wong, Adel Dihoum, Anwar Mohammad, Colin N. A. Palmer, Douglas Lamont, Kei Sakamoto, Benoit Viollet, Marc Foretz, Chim C. Lang, Graham Rena
Summary: Using cellular approaches and proteomics, we found that metformin therapy for diabetes alters the regulation of branched chain amino acids through the suppression of the amino acid transporter SNAT2.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jia Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Wei Zheng, Xianxian Yuan, Cheng Liu, Ya Zhang, Wei Song, Xiaoxin Wang, Shengnan Liang, Xu Ma, Guanghui Li
Summary: This study aimed to observe the dynamic changes of serum taurine during pregnancy and investigate its relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy. The results showed that low serum taurine concentration in the first trimester was significantly associated with the development of GDM, but the association disappeared as the pregnancy progressed. This may be related to the inhibition of taurine transporter (TauT) activity by high glucose.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hehe Lv, Fan Zhang, Can Liang, Xuekui Liu, Yamei Ma, Jiayi Li, Yan Ye, Shanwen Si, Yaran Liu, Hao Heng, Houfa Geng
Summary: This study investigates the changes of metabolites in diabetic patients with non-small cell lung cancer and the association with serum IGF-1 level.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Li-Rong He, Li Yu, Yong Guo
Summary: There has been a decrease in birth weight and prevalence of large for gestational age (LGA) among offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in southern China. However, the risk of LGA remains stable at a relatively high level for GDM women over the past 10 years.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Xiao-guang Yin, Peng Wang, Mei-ting Zhou, De-qin Li, Rui-xue Tao, Fang-biao Tao, Yang Wang, Peng Zhu
Summary: The timing of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis and gestational weight gains (GWG) during pregnancy are associated with the growth trajectory of children from perinatal to early childhood. GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks increases the risk of fetal overgrowth and higher birth weight, as well as higher BMI peak within 48 months. Maternal early GDM diagnosis and excessive gestational weight gains have additive impacts on offspring overgrowth, with higher levels of hsCRP observed in the early EGWG group.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jessica Selig, H. Viviana Krug, Caroline Kueppers, D. Margriet Ouwens, Felix A. Kraft, Elena Adler, Sebastian J. Bauer, Artur Lichtenberg, Payam Akhyari, Mareike Barth
Summary: Diabetes and its key determinants, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, contribute to calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) by causing alterations in valvular interstitial cells (VIC) and extracellular matrix remodeling. The mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in this process.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)