Article
Neurosciences
Baiwei Liu, Xinyu Li, Jan Theeuwes, Benchi Wang
Summary: It has been traditionally believed that information retrieved from long-term memory (LTM) needs to be brought back into working memory (WM). However, this study demonstrates that retrieval from LTM is possible even when WM capacity is fully occupied. EEG results indicate that retrieving items from LTM while WM is fully engaged enhances the suppression of alpha oscillations, suggesting alternative mechanisms for accessing LTM when WM is fully occupied.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Autumn Horne, Rachel Zahn, Oscar I. Najera, Randi C. Martin
Summary: Sentence comprehension relies on working memory to maintain and integrate linguistic information. Past research has shown that semantic working memory (WM) is crucial for integrating word meanings and resolving semantic interference in sentence comprehension, while phonological WM is less important. This study examined the relationship between phonological and semantic WM and comprehension of complex sentences. The findings suggest that semantic WM predicts comprehension of certain sentence types, while phonological WM may have a backup role in sentence processing when comprehension efficiency is reduced. Future research should explore the roles of phonological WM across different sentence types.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Sami R. Yousif, Monica D. Rosenberg, Frank C. Keil
Summary: The study found that task-irrelevant spatial structure can improve working memory, independent of long-term spatial associations and unique to space rather than other features. It also showed that spatial structure can be separated from spatial interference, challenging the theories of 'spatial interference' and 'visuospatial bootstrapping'.
Article
Cell Biology
Xinxin Yin, Yu Wang, Jiejue Li, Zengcai V. Guo
Summary: Despite symmetric brain structures, the left and right hemispheres in mammals do not contribute equally to certain cognitive functions. This study focuses on the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) in mice and investigates the asymmetrical interaction between the left and right ALM during a tactile-based decision-making task. The results show that neural activity and encoding capability are similar across hemispheres, but only one hemisphere dominates in behavior. Inhibition of the dominant ALM disrupts encoding capability in the non-dominant ALM. Variable behavioral deficits can be predicted by the influence on contralateral activity across sessions, mice, and tasks.
Article
Linguistics
Valantis Fyndanis, Sarah Cameron, Pernille Bonnevie Hansen, Monica I. I. Norvik, Hanne Gram Simonsen
Summary: This study examines the impact of bilingual/multilingual capabilities on verbal short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) capacity in neurotypical middle-aged and older individuals. The results show that multilingualism significantly influences both verbal STM and WM, with the number of foreign languages known being the strongest predictor of capacity.
BILINGUALISM-LANGUAGE AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Rahul Tyagi, Harshita Arvind, Manoj Goyal, Akshay Anand, Manju Mohanty
Summary: The neuropsychological profile of Indian DMD subjects is not well understood and requires evaluation. Results show poor verbal and visual memory profiles in DMD patients, with working memory deficits being a crucial element of cognitive functioning. Working memory interventions may help improve neuropsychological profiles in DMD cases.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Ari Alex Ramos, Liana Machado
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive overview of short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Visuospatial dysfunction and poor verbal WM were found to be prevalent in PD patients. Factors such as disease duration, medication dosage, and education level were identified as influencing factors in the variation of memory functioning in PD. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the cognitive impairments in PD and offer directions for future research.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Alicia Forsberg, Dominic Guitard, Nelson Cowan
Summary: The debate over whether information in working memory is rapidly forgotten or transferred to long-term memory continues. Research shows that the capacity limit of working memory contributes to subsequent long-term memory failures and holding information in working memory enhances long-term memory encoding. The findings suggest that a limitation in working memory capacity creates a bottleneck for encoding of unique objects, with a relatively large effect size.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Haruo Kasai, Hasan Ucar, Yuichi Morimoto, Fumihiro Eto, Hitoshi Okazaki
Summary: Dendritic spines, the postsynaptic component of most excitatory synapses, have been found to have a novel feature of pushing presynaptic terminals with muscle-like force, resulting in increased glutamate release for up to 20 minutes. This mechanical transmission shares similarities with short-term potentiation (STP) and may play a role in short-term and working memory. Therefore, spine synapses contribute to the force of learning and leave structural traces for both short and long-term memories.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xenia Kobeleva, Judith Machts, Maria Veit, Stefan Vielhaber, Susanne Petri, Mircea Ariel Schoenfeld
Summary: This fMRI study on ALS patients found significantly increased brain activity in the frontotemporal and parietal regions during working memory tasks, which was associated with better neuropsychological function within the patient group. The results suggest a compensatory effect in ALS patients during working memory execution.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Hussein Hamdi, Faisal Albader, Giorgio Spatola, Virginie Laguitton, Agnes Trebuchon, Fabrice Bartolomei, Jean Regis
Summary: In this study, stereotactic radiosurgery was evaluated as an effective treatment for hypothalamic hamartoma in epilepsy patients. The results showed significant cognitive improvement in a high percentage of patients without decline in intellectual ability or memory three years after the surgery. Patients with better cognitive performance before surgery were more likely to achieve seizure cessation post-surgery, and those who were seizure-free also experienced significant cognitive improvement compared to non-seizure-free patients.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Haonan He, Liangyu Chen, Shanyong Wang
Summary: Accurate demand forecasting is crucial for airlines to cope with competition and increase revenue. This paper presents adaptive frameworks based on LSTM network for predicting flight booking demand, achieving superior performance and handling irregular data patterns effectively.
COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sachi Paul, Elizabeth Baca, Simon Fischer-Baum
Summary: Single case cognitive neuropsychological investigations provide detailed descriptions of cognitive impairment in individual participants, offering a deeper understanding of the cognitive and neural processes underlying complex tasks. This case study demonstrates a link between spelling deficits and damage to the right cerebellum, highlighting the role of a cortical-cerebellar circuit in orthographic working memory.
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
Weizhen Xie, Kareem A. Zaghloul
Summary: The study by Liu et al. revealed novel neural evidence for the visual and semantic contributions to encoding and maintaining object information in a delayed match-to-sample task, illustrating the close interaction between sensory experience and prior semantic knowledge in human visual short-term memory for naturalistic stimuli.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kristijonas Puteikis, Peter Wolf, Ruta Mameniskiene
Summary: Our study found differences in forgetting patterns between patients with GGE and healthy controls in verbal and visuospatial tasks. Accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) was observed in word recall among adult patients with GGE, with ongoing deficits in visuospatial memory among patients with epileptic activity. Future studies should further investigate the mechanisms of memory dysfunction in GGE patients.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Agnieszka J. Jaroslawska, Stephen Rhodes, Clement Belletier, Jason M. Doherty, Nelson Cowan, Moshe Neveh-Benjamin, Pierre Barrouillet, Valerie Camos, Robert H. Logie
Summary: The study investigates the impact of including concurrent processing demands on the storage of information in working memory for older adults, revealing a significant increase in age-related memory differences when processing tasks involve verbal materials. Dual-task effects on processing were also found to be more pronounced for older adults, with age differences in performance larger for tasks requiring spatial decisions than semantic decisions.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Urology & Nephrology
Megan Prunty, Stephen Rhodes, Kirtishri Mishra, Shubham Gupta, David Sheyn, Lee Ponsky, Britt Conroy, Sarah Markt, Sarah P. Psutka, Laura Bukavina
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Stephen Rhodes, Bradley R. Buchsbaum, Lynn Hasher
Summary: The study suggests that prior learning can affect subsequent memory, especially when there is conflict between old and new information. Younger participants show proactive facilitation from previously learned information, and exhibit less issues in handling proactive interference compared to older participants.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Psychology
Tanya N. Joseph, Candice C. Morey
Summary: The study found that reconfiguring and maintaining information significantly affect decision speeds during complex memory span tasks. Preliminary lead-in decisions and postencoding lead-out decisions play a crucial role in the process. Decision speeds show distinct variations throughout the task.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Megan Prunty, Stephen Rhodes, Helen Sun, Sarah P. Psutka, Kirtishri Mishra, Alexander Kutikov, David Chen, Lee Ponsky, Adam Calaway, Laura Bukavina
Summary: This study examines the underrepresentation of women as authors in urology journals and the change in female authorship over an 18-year period. Although the overall proportion of female authors has increased, women still remain underrepresented in urology authorship. The percentage of females in senior (last) author positions is less than the percentage of females in first author positions, and journal-specific differences may be attributed to gender disparities in subspecialized fields.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY FOCUS
(2022)
Article
Gerontology
Nathaniel R. Greene, Stephen Rhodes
Summary: This article provides a tutorial on fitting and interpreting cognitive models to measure age differences in cognitive processes. The authors emphasize the usefulness of cognitive modeling in addressing potential issues of nonreplicability in cognitive aging research.
PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Michael Callegari, Wade Muncey, Tyler Kim, Stephen Rhodes, Lynn Woo, Jessica Hannick
Summary: This study aimed to investigate male preferences for mucosal collar length in terms of appearance and desirability. The results showed that preferences for shorter mucosal collars were primarily influenced by postgraduate education and no religious affiliation, while preferences for longer mucosal collars were influenced by religious affiliation. Circumcised males considered appearance to be more important, while uncircumcised males did not. In addition, circumcised fathers were more likely to circumcise their sons, and women showed a preference for circumcision.
CUAJ-CANADIAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Psychology
Clement Belletier, Jason M. Doherty, Agnieszka J. Graham, Stephen Rhodes, Nelson Cowan, Moshe Naveh-Benjamin, Pierre Barrouillet, Valerie Camos, Robert H. Logie
Summary: This study investigated changes in participant-reported strategies in single-task and dual-task conditions. The results showed that articulatory suppression reduced reports of rehearsal and clustering strategies but increased reports of a visual strategy. Elaboration and clustering strategies were reported less under dual-task compared to single-task. For arithmetic verification, both articulatory suppression and dual-task resulted in a decrease in reports of a counting strategy and an increase in reports of a retrieval strategy. The study suggests that understanding how participants change their strategies in response to experimental conditions can help to resolve theoretical challenges in working memory research.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Molly A. Delooze, Naomi Langerock, Robin Macy, Evie Vergauwe, Candice C. Morey
Summary: Previous studies have shown that participants tend to remember the locations of letters when letters are the focus of recognition tests, but do not remember the identity of letters when locations are tested. However, recent research has found no evidence of obligatory binding between location and letters during the process of letter memorization. These results challenge previous theories of binding asymmetry.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Megan Prunty, Stephen Rhodes, Helen Sun, April Miller, Adam Calaway, Alexander Kutikov, Elizabeth R. Plimack, Lee Ponsky, Katie S. Murray, Laura Bukavina
Summary: This study investigated the temporal variation in gender representation on the editorial boards of urology journals, as well as the relationship between editorial board composition and female authorship. The results showed that women's representation in urology editorial boards is increasing, but there are clear differences between different journals. The study also found a positive correlation between female editorial staff and female authorship.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY FOCUS
(2022)
Article
Gerontology
Jason K. Chow, Stephen Rhodes, Nicholas O. Rule, Bradley R. Buchsbaum, Lynn Hasher
Summary: The mere-exposure effect, which refers to the preference for repeated stimuli over novel ones, was studied in online experiments with older and younger adult participants. The results showed no increase in liking with repeated face exposure in either age group. Older adults reported higher overall liking ratings and both groups preferred younger faces.
PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Angela M. AuBuchon, Emily M. Elliott, Candice C. Morey, Christopher Jarrold, Nelson Cowan, Eryn J. Adams, Meg Attwood, Busra Bayram, Taran Y. Blakstvedt, Gerhard Buettner, Thomas Castelain, Shari Cave, Davide Crepaldi, Eivor Fredriksen, Bret A. Glass, Dominic Guitard, Stefanie Hoehl, Alexis Hosch, Stephanie Jeanneret, Tanya N. Joseph, Christopher Koch, Jaroslaw R. Lelonkiewicz, Grace Meissner, Whitney Mendenhall, David Moreau, Thomas Ostermann, Asil Ali Ozdogru, Francesca Padovani, Sebastian Poloczek, Jan Philipp Roeer, Christina Schonberg, Christian K. Tamnes, Martin J. Tomasik, Beatrice Valentini, Evie Vergauwe, Haley Vlach, Martin Voracek
Summary: This study used mediation analysis to reanalyze data from 934 children aged 5 to 10, and found that children's verbal expression abilities emerge around age 5, improve during the early elementary school years, and become sufficiently automated by age 10. The study also highlights the importance of distinguishing between phonological recoding and rehearsal in developmental studies of short-term memory.
JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Letter
Andrology
Stephen Rhodes, Jad Badreddine, Ramy Abou Ghayda
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Clara Overkott, Alessandra S. Souza, Candice C. Morey
Summary: Verbal labeling can help increase the quantity and quality of visual working memory in adults. However, it remains unclear when children begin to use labeling and whether they can benefit from it as well. This study found that spontaneous labeling abilities increase with age in children, and for younger children, prompted labeling can especially enhance their categorical memory.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2023)
Article
Andrology
Yana Aznavour, Felipe Navarrete, Jad Badreddine, Paul H. G. Simon, Vrushab Gowda, Stephen Rhodes, Ramy Abou Ghayda
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between regional geography and sperm parameters in American men. A cohort of 5,822 men from six different regions of the United States were enrolled. The results showed regional differences in sperm concentration, motility, and total sperm count, with the West and Southwest regions displaying lower values compared to the Midwest and Northeast regions. Men from the Southeast and Southwest regions were more likely to have oligozoospermia.
WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Andrea Gajardo-Vidal, Maxime Montembeault, Diego L. Lorca-Puls, Abigail E. Licata, Rian Bogley, Sabrina Erlhoff, Buddhika Ratnasiri, Zoe Ezzes, Giovanni Battistella, Elena Tsoy, Christa Watson Pereira, Jessica Deleon, Boon Lead Tee, Maya L. Henry, Zachary A. Miller, Katherine P. Rankin, Maria Luisa Mandelli, Katherine L. Possin, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
Summary: This study investigates the potential differences in processing speed and neural correlates among the three variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). The findings reveal that non-verbal cognitive abilities, such as processing speed, are significantly impacted in nfvPPA and lvPPA patients compared to healthy controls and svPPA patients. Neuroimaging results confirm the importance of fronto-parietal regions associated with processing speed and executive control.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Holger Wiese, Tsvetomila Popova, Maya Schipper, Deni Zakriev, Mike Burton, Andrew W. Young
Summary: Previous experiments have shown that brief exposure to unfamiliar individuals leads to the formation of new facial representations, which undergo changes and consolidation within the first day after learning.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Astrid Prochnow, Xianzhen Zhou, Foroogh Ghorbani, Paul Wendiggensen, Veit Roessner, Bernhard Hommel, Christian Beste
Summary: Individuals organize events in their environment by partitioning them into discrete units. This study reveals that the neural activity in the brain plays a critical role in this process, reflecting the key elements of event segmentation.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zhenzhen Huo, Zhiyi Chen, Rong Zhang, Junye Xu, Tingyong Feng
Summary: Procrastination has adverse effects on personal growth and social development. Reward sensitivity is positively correlated with procrastination. This study used VBM and RSFC analyses to investigate the neural substrates underlying the association between reward sensitivity and procrastination. The results showed that the functional connectivity of the right parahippocampal gyrus-precuneus mediated the relationship between reward sensitivity and procrastination.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Stefano Lasaponara, Gabriele Scozia, Silvana Lozito, Mario Pinto, David Conversi, Marco Costanzi, Tim Vriens, Massimo Silvetti, Fabrizio Doricchi
Summary: Cholinergic (Ach), Noradrenergic (NE), and Dopaminergic (DA) pathways are crucial in regulating spatial attention and determining inter-individual differences in temperamental traits. This study found that temperamental traits predict individual differences in the ability to orient spatial attention based on the probabilistic association between cues and targets. These findings highlight the importance of considering temperamental and personality traits in social and professional environments where attention control is essential.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Darren J. Yeo, Courtney Pollack, Benjamin N. Conrad, Gavin R. Price
Summary: The processing of numerals as visual objects is supported by an Inferior Temporal Numeral Area (ITNA) in the bilateral inferior temporal gyri (ITG). Extant findings suggest some degree of hemispheric asymmetry in how the bilateral ITNAs process numerals. The study found that digit sensitivity did not differ between ITNAs, and digit sensitivity in both left and right ITNAs was associated with calculation skills. The study also revealed a right lateralization in engagement in alphanumeric categorization, and that the right ITNA showed greater discriminability between digits and letters.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Beste Gulsuna, Abuzer Gungor, Alp O. Borcer, Ugur Ture
Summary: The fiber dissection technique has been used to study the internal structures of the brain, with less focus on white matter. The sagittal stratum, a white matter structure, has not received enough attention and has been a subject of controversy. Recent studies suggest potential functions of the sagittal stratum, emphasizing the importance of understanding this structure accurately.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Nora Geiser, Brigitte Charlotte Kaufmann, Samuel Elia Johannes Knobel, Dario Cazzoli, Tobias Nef, Thomas Nyffeler
Summary: This study compared the effects of auditory and visual motion stimulation on spatial neglect and found that both interventions were equally effective in improving neglect. Multimodal motion stimulation also improved neglect, but did not show greater improvement than unimodal auditory or visual motion stimulation alone.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anna E. Hughes, Anna Nowakowska, Alasdair D. F. Clarke
Summary: This study examines the relationship between search slopes and search efficiency in visual search tasks, introduces the Target Contrast Signal (TCS) Theory, and extends it to a Bayesian multi-level framework. The findings demonstrate that TCS can predict data well, but distinguishing between contrast combination models proves to be difficult.