Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Richard N. Bergman
Summary: Mathematical modeling has been used to understand the pathogenesis of diabetes, with a focus on insulin sensitivity and secretion. The relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion can be described by a rectangular hyperbola, and the disposition index represents the compensatory ability of pancreatic beta-cells for insulin resistance. Clearance of insulin by the liver varies among populations and may contribute to differences in diabetes prevalence.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elena Succurro, Maria Adelaide Marini, Alessia Riccio, Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino, Maria Perticone, Angela Sciacqua, Francesco Andreozzi, Giorgio Sesti
Summary: This study found that deteriorated glucose homeostasis in women is associated with greater fat accumulation and worsening insulin sensitivity compared to men.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Flaviano Lorenzon, Tamires Gregorio, Fernanda Niebisch, Rafaela C. K. Stolte, Gustavo J. dos Santos, Alex Rafacho, Fernanda B. Lima
Summary: Exposure to dexamethasone during pregnancy can disrupt glucose homeostasis in offspring, with older male offspring being more susceptible. Maternal vitamin D administration does not impact glucose tolerance, but can mitigate insulin resistance and liver lipid accumulation in male offspring.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexis M. Stranahan, De-Huang Guo, Masaki Yamamoto, Caterina M. Hernandez, Hesam Khodadadi, Babak Baban, Wenbo Zhi, Yun Lei, Xinyun Lu, Kehong Ding, Carlos M. Isales
Summary: Preferential energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) provides protection against obesity-induced pathophysiology in females. Differences in adipose tissue distribution before obesity onset determine susceptibility to inflammation in males and females, independent of sex hormones.
Article
Physiology
Robin K. Yuan, Kirsi-Marja Zitting, Jeanne F. Duffy, Nina Vujovic, Wei Wang, Stuart F. Quan, Elizabeth B. Klerman, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Orfeu M. Buxton, Jonathan S. Williams, Charles A. Czeisler
Summary: Insufficient sleep and circadian disruption can affect metabolism, with research showing that sleep restriction may impact metabolism through concurrent circadian disruption. When circadian disruption is minimized, the adverse effects of insufficient sleep on glycemic control may be attenuated.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Manuel M. Eichenlaub, John G. Hattersley, Mary C. Gannon, Frank Q. Nuttall, Natasha A. Khovanova
Summary: This study proposed three methodological adaptations to the oral minimal model (OMM) approach, including a fully Bayesian parameter estimation, model identification from non-fasting conditions, and a novel function based on the log-normal distribution for representing meal-related glucose appearance. The results showed that the new approach achieved equivalent model fit and insulin sensitivity estimates precision as the conventional method, while providing improved model fit in the first 30 minutes. The proposed identification procedure is freely accessible in MATLAB and Python software packages, aiming to become the standard for OMM in the future.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kathryn L. Gwizdala, Lydia A. Bazzano, Robert L. Newton Jr, Owen T. Carmichael
Summary: Glycemic markers throughout life are associated with worse midlife cognition, especially in women, African Americans, and White Americans. This association may reflect broader health disparities.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tehila Dahan, Shahd Nassar, Olga Yajuk, Eliana Steinberg, Ofra Benny, Nathalie Abudi, Inbar Plaschkes, Hadar Benyamini, David Gozal, Rinat Abramovitch, Alex Gileles-Hillel
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is believed to affect systemic glucose tolerance through adaptive thermogenesis, while chronic hypoxia affects the function and metabolism of BAT. This study shows that chronic hypoxia leads to browning of BAT, but also tissue-specific and systemic insulin resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
Summary: Metabolic homeostasis operates differently in men and women. Women have evolved more efficient mechanisms than men to conserve energy and resist loss of energy stores and proteins in times of food scarcity or prolonged exercise. Female reliance on lipid oxidation helps to preserve glucose for neuronal and placental functions, while male reliance on carbohydrates may be related to defense and hunting activities. The larger subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in healthy women provide a mechanism for long-term lipid storage and starvation resistance. Female mitochondria have higher functional capacity and resistance to oxidative damage, reducing the risk of metabolic disorders. However, mechanisms of starvation resistance and propensity to obesity have evolved in tandem in women, resulting in a higher prevalence of obesity compared to men. Genetic sex, developmental programming by testosterone, and pubertal sex hormones contribute to sex-specific differences in energy homeostasis, metabolic disease, and drug responses.
NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A. Tate Lasher, Hemant Srivastava, Liou Y. Sun
Summary: Recent studies have shown that glucagon not only regulates glycemia, but also plays a role in amino acid and lipid metabolism, systemic endocrine and paracrine function, and the response to cardiovascular injury. Inhibition of glucagon receptor signaling through the use of glucagon receptor antagonists and tissue-specific genetic knockout models has provided valuable insights into the role of glucagon.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emma L. Sweeney, Daniel J. Peart, Jason G. Ellis, Ian H. Walshe
Summary: Four nights of sleep restriction impaired glycaemic control in healthy individuals, but this impairment did not increase in a linear manner with increasing number of nights of restriction. No effect of number of nights of restriction was found for glucose or insulin, and this may have implications for future studies in this area.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Haiyan Yang, Qiang Wang, Yuemei Xi, De Xie, Hiroko Morisaki, Takayuki Morisaki, Jidong Cheng
Summary: This study identified a mechanistic link between AMPD2 and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. AMPD2-deficient mice exhibited reduced body weight, fat accumulation, and blood glucose levels, while showing increased insulin sensitivity. AMPD2 deficiency also led to altered expression of genes related to fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Abhijit Paul, Phonindra Nath Das, Samrat Chatterjee
Summary: Type 2 diabetes is a global health problem caused by the gradual loss of pancreatic beta-cell function. Impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is one of the major causes of beta-cell dysfunction and the development of type 2 diabetes. This study analyzed the potential factors responsible for impaired insulin secretion in insulin resistance and proposed therapeutic strategies for preventing disease progression.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessica Lewgood, Barbara Oliveira, Marie Korzepa, Scott C. Forbes, Jonathan P. Little, Leigh Breen, Robert Bailie, Darren G. Candow
Summary: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing and creating a large economic burden. This review critically evaluates the effects of various dietary strategies on diabetes management as well as examines several purported supplements aiming to improve glucose control and body composition.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rei Matsuo, Shigemasa Tani, Naoya Matsumoto, Yasuo Okumura
Summary: Inadequate sleep duration may affect lipid and/or glucose metabolism, with sex differences in the relationship between sleep duration and lipid/glucose metabolism in urban Japan highlighted. Emphasizing adequate sleep duration in both sexes may help reduce the risk of ASCVD.