Article
Oncology
Kenechukwu Chudy-Onwugaje, Wen-Yi Huang, L. Joseph Su, Mark P. Purdue, Christine C. Johnson, Lingxiao Wang, Hormuzd A. Katki, Kathryn Hughes Barry, Sonja I. Berndt
Summary: In this study, a beneficial role for both aspirin and ibuprofen in preventing advanced adenoma and curbing progression to recurrence and cancer among older adults was observed during long-term follow-up.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Erica K. Barnell, Elizabeth M. Wurtzler, Julie La Rocca, Thomas Fitzgerald, Jessica Petrone, Yansheng Hao, Yiming Kang, Faith L. Holmes, David A. Lieberman
Summary: This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a noninvasive multitarget stool RNA test for colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions. The results showed that the test had a sensitivity of 94% for detecting colorectal cancer and 46% for detecting advanced adenomas, with a specificity of 88%.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zikai Wang, Wanyue Dan, Nana Zhang, Jingyuan Fang, Yunsheng Yang
Summary: Colorectal cancer is on the rise in China, possibly due to economic development, lifestyle changes, and dietary habits. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer, with dysbiosis, specific pathogenic microbes, metabolites, virulence factors, and microbial carcinogenic mechanisms all contributing to its initiation and progression. Gut microbiota biomarkers have potential applications in screening and diagnosing colorectal cancer, while interventions targeting the gut microbiota could improve treatment efficacy and reduce intestinal toxic effects. Chinese researchers have made significant progress in understanding the role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer, but further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic and preventive strategies.
Article
Oncology
Yingshuang Zhu, Yanqin Huang, Yeting Hu, Yimin Fang, Xiangxing Kong, Qian Xiao, Jinjie He, Yunfeng Zhu, Qilong Li, Jinhuan Yang, Qi Dong, Mingjuan Jin, Meilin Wang, Kun Chen, Shu Zheng, Kefeng Ding
Summary: This study found that individuals with high-risk adenomas (at least one advanced adenoma or >= 3 nonadvanced adenomas) have an increased risk of subsequent CRC in the Chinese population, while those with 1 to 2 nonadvanced adenomas do not show significantly increased risk of CRC. These results provide valuable evidence for the current surveillance guidelines in China.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Noel Pin-Vieito, Manuel Puga, Daniel Fernandez-de-Castro, Joaquin Cubiella
Summary: FIT is widely used as a biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis and plays a crucial role in screening and surveillance. This review summarizes the diagnostic efficacy of FIT in symptomatic patients and post-adenoma resection, as well as discusses the potential impact of FIT strategies on healthcare resources and CRC prognosis.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Sama Rezasoltani, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Seyedesomaye Jasemi, Maria Gazouli, Nikolas Dovrolis, Amir Sadeghi, Hartmut Schlueter, Mohammad Reza Zali, Leonardo Antonio Sechi, Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the microbiome in saliva and stool samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in Iran, comparing them with healthy controls. The results showed distinct clustering of microbial genera in CRC patients and healthy controls, indicating unique microbial signatures in both conditions. However, further investigation is needed to understand the roles of microbiota in CRC and healthy individuals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Privitera, Rossella Gioco, Alba Ilari Civit, Daniela Corona, Simone Cremona, Lidia Puzzo, Salvatore Costa, Giuseppe Trama, Flavia Mauceri, Aurelio Cardella, Giuseppe Sangiorgio, Riccardo Nania, Pierfrancesco Veroux, Massimiliano Veroux
Summary: Kidney transplant recipients do not have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to the healthy population, but they have a higher risk of developing colorectal adenomas.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia Shen, Yin Li, Meihui Xu, Fei Wu, Yanjie Jiang, Xiaohui Liu, Yang Ao, Qianru Lin, Pan Zhuang, Jingjing Jiao, Weifang Zheng, Yu Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between egg intake and colorectal polyp prevalence. Through a food frequency questionnaire and electronic colonoscopy, it was found that high egg consumption was significantly correlated with a higher prevalence of colorectal polyps among the Chinese population at a high risk of CRC. However, this association disappeared after further adjustment for dietary cholesterol. Replacing egg intake with total dairy products was associated with a decrease in colorectal polyp prevalence.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Flavia Baldacchini, Lauro Bucchi, Orietta Giuliani, Silvia Mancini, Alessandra Ravaioli, Rosa Vattiato, Paolo Giorgi Rossi, Cinzia Campari, Debora Canuti, Enza Di Felice, Francesca Mezzetti, Priscilla Sassoli de Bianchi, Stefano Ferretti, Fabio Falcini
Summary: The study revealed a significant decrease in the proportion of men with a positive FIT result and detection rates of advanced adenoma between the second and third rounds of screening. There was a slight decrease in positive predictive values for advanced adenoma, CRC, and advanced neoplasia by the fourth and fifth rounds. These findings suggest that FIT screening can prevent the progression of some advanced adenomas, allowing for a risk-based screening strategy.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oncology
David Lieberman
Summary: There is solid evidence supporting the effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in reducing incidence and mortality. Guidelines suggest screening for individuals between 45 to 75 years old, but there is uncertainty regarding the benefits for those above 75 years old. Dalmat et al. found that individuals who had a negative colonoscopy more than 10 years prior to reaching 76 to 85 years old had a lower risk of colorectal cancer and may not benefit from further screening. It is important to consider the study population did not include individuals with a family history of colon cancer or high-risk adenomas.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Chinasa Valerie Olovo, Xinxiang Huang, Xueming Zheng, Min Xu
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a significant global health issue, with early detection playing a crucial role in effective treatment. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential biomarker for early non-invasive diagnosis of CRC, offering promising sensitivity, specificity, and cost-effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hanju Hua, Yanhong Sun, Xinjue He, Yi Chen, Lisong Teng, Chao Lu
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in patients with colorectal adenoma and carcinoma and its correlations with clinical characteristics. The results showed that certain intestinal bacteria changed along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and could be potential markers for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal adenoma/carcinoma.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Edward Young, Louisa Edwards, Rajvinder Singh
Summary: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have become increasingly available in the field of endoscopy, particularly in colonoscopy. This comprehensive review focuses on the application of AI in detecting and characterizing colorectal polyps, with the goal of improving the efficacy of colorectal cancer screening and prevention. AI-driven algorithms show potential in addressing the challenge of overlooked polyps and empowering gastroenterologists to accurately characterize polyps without extensive training in advanced mucosal imaging. By integrating AI technologies into routine colonoscopy, the detection and characterization of polyps can be advanced, potentially leading to more effective colorectal cancer screening and prevention.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aasma Shaukat, Charles J. Kahi, Carol A. Burke, Linda Rabeneck, Bryan G. Sauer, Douglas K. Rex
Summary: This article provides an update on the 2009 American College of Gastroenterology CRC screening guidelines and discusses detailed recommendations for CRC screening in average-risk individuals and those with a family history of CRC, as well as the role of aspirin for chemoprevention, quality indicators for colonoscopy, organized CRC screening approaches, and improving adherence to CRC screening. The optimization of CRC screening is essential to effectively reduce CRC incidence and mortality, which can be achieved through high rates of adherence, quality monitoring, evidence-based guidelines, and the removal of barriers throughout the care spectrum. Developing cost-effective, highly accurate, noninvasive modalities to improve overall adherence to the screening process is also a desirable goal.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oxana Dmitrieva-Posocco, Andrea C. Wong, Patrick Lundgren, Aleksandra M. Golos, Helene C. Descamps, Lenka Dohnalova, Zvi Cramer, Yuhua Tian, Brian Yueh, Onur Eskiocak, Gabor Egervari, Yemin Lan, Jinping Liu, Jiaxin Fan, Jihee Kim, Bhoomi Madhu, Kai Markus Schneider, Svetlana Khoziainova, Natalia Andreeva, Qiaohong Wang, Ning Li, Emma E. Furth, Will Bailis, Judith R. Kelsen, Kathryn E. Hamilton, Klaus H. Kaestner, Shelley L. Berger, Jonathan A. Epstein, Rajan Jain, Mingyao Li, Semir Beyaz, Christopher J. Lengner, Bryson W. Katona, Sergei I. Grivennikov, Christoph A. Thaiss, Maayan Levy
Summary: The study identifies a metabolite signalling pathway that can be used as a strategy for preventing and treating colorectal cancer. Ketogenic diets and the ketone body BHB show a strong inhibitory effect on tumor growth by reducing cell proliferation. The findings suggest that BHB-triggered pathway could play a crucial role in regulating intestinal tumorigenesis.
Article
Immunology
Kenneth A. Feder, Ami Patel, Venkata R. Vepachedu, Catherine Dominguez, Eric N. Keller, Liore Klein, Curi Kim, Tim Blood, Judie Hyun, Thelonious W. Williams, Katherine A. Feldman, Heba H. Mostafa, C. Paul Morris, Jacques Ravel, Monique Duwell, David Blythe, Robert Myers
Summary: A study in Maryland found that between January and May 2021, there was a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 viruses carrying the spike protein mutation E484K among individuals infected after full vaccination against COVID-19.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Juliano Novak, Jacques Ravel, Bing Ma, Carolina Sanita Tafner Ferreira, Andrea da Rocha Tristao, Marcia Guimaraes Silva, Camila Marconi
Summary: The study in Brazilian women of reproductive age found associations between L. iners-dominated microbiota with having multiple sexual partners, detection of Candida sp. in vaginal smears, lack of condom use, lower educational levels, and diet with milk/dairy intake. These findings suggest that unprotected sex practices and certain sociodemographic factors may help identify women with suboptimal protective properties of L. iners-dominated microbiota, warranting further investigation.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Julia Andrade Pessoa Morales, Camila Marconi, Mariam El-Zein, Jacques Ravel, Gabriel Victor da Silva Pinto, Rosana Silveira, Moises Diogo de Lima, Newton Sergio de Carvalho, Rosane Ribeiro Figueiredo Alves, Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima Parada, Sandra Helena Morais Leite, Luisa L. Villa, Eduardo L. Franco, Marcia Guimaraes da Silva
Summary: This study found a strong correlation between vaginal microbiome components and cervical high-risk HPV infection through analyzing data from Brazilian women. The microbiome-based score showed a significant positive correlation with high-risk HPV infection, exceeding the predictive value of sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yonah Krakowsky, Emery Potter, Jason Hallarn, Bern Monari, Hannah Wilcox, Greta Bauer, Jacques Ravel, Jessica L. Prodger
Summary: This review summarizes the impact of gender-affirming medical care on the vagina of transmasculine individuals and the neovagina of transfeminine individuals, including hormone therapy and surgery. The study focuses on the epithelium and local microbiota of the vagina and neovagina, as well as key determinants and knowledge gaps in gynecological health.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shujie Wang, Huahui Ren, Huanzi Zhong, Xinjie Zhao, Changkun Li, Jing Ma, Xuejiang Gu, Yaoming Xue, Shan Huang, Jialin Yang, Li Chen, Gang Chen, Shen Qu, Jun Liang, Li Qin, Qin Huang, Yongde Peng, Qi Li, Xiaolin Wang, Yuanqiang Zou, Zhun Shi, Xuelin Li, Tingting Li, Huanming Yang, Shenghan Lai, Guowang Xu, Junhua Li, Yifei Zhang, Yanyun Gu, Weiqing Wang
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining probiotics and berberine (BBR) in reducing postprandial lipidemia (PL) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and explore the underlying mechanism. The results showed that the combined therapy was superior to individual treatments in improving postprandial total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Changes in gut microbiota were associated with this effect.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sarah Elizabeth Brown, Xin He, Michelle D. Shardell, Jacques Ravel, Khalil G. Ghanem, Jonathan M. Zenilman, Rebecca M. Brotman
Summary: In this pilot study, cessation of douching was not found to have significant effects on the composition and structure of the vaginal microbiota. Additional interventions may be necessary to restore optimal vaginal microbiota among women who practice douching.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiuying Zhang, Huahui Ren, Cuiling Zhao, Zhun Shi, Li Qiu, Fangming Yang, Xianghai Zhou, Xueyao Han, Kui Wu, Huanzi Zhong, Yufeng Li, Junhua Li, Linong Ji
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impacts of acarbose and vildagliptin on human gut microbiota and the relationships between pre-treatment gut microbiota and therapeutic responses. The results showed that both drugs led to specific and shared changes in the relative abundances of gut microbial species and pathways. Baseline gut microbiota was strongly associated with GLP-1 response to vildagliptin.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicolas Tessandier, Ilkay Basak Uysal, Baptiste Elie, Christian Selinger, Claire Bernat, Vanina Boue, Sophie Grasset, Soraya Groc, Massilva Rahmoun, Bastien Reyne, Noemi Bender, Marine Bonneau, Christelle Graf, Vincent Tribout, Vincent Foulongne, Jacques Ravel, Tim Waterboer, Christophe Hirtz, Ignacio G. Bravo, Jacques Reynes, Michel Segondy, Carmen Lia Murall, Nathalie Boulle, Tsukushi Kamiya, Samuel Alizon
Summary: The study examines the association between the use of different types of menstrual products and microbial, immunological, demographic, and behavioral indicators. The results suggest a potential link between the use of menstrual cups and fungal genital infection, highlighting the possible influence of menstrual products on menstrual health.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Inumidun H. Oyebode, Allan C. Just, Jacques Ravel, Michal A. Elovitz, Heather H. Burris
Summary: Vaginal microbial communities can be dominated by anaerobic or Lactobacillus species. Anaerobic domination is a risk factor for preterm birth and is more common in Black populations. This study quantified the association between air pollution (specifically PM2.5) and anaerobic domination, and explored how racial disparities in PM2.5 exposure might explain racial differences in anaerobic domination prevalence.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Johanna B. Holm, Kayla A. Carter, Jacques Ravel, Rebecca M. Brotman
Summary: This review summarizes the role of Lactobacillus iners in the vaginal microbiome, emphasizes the importance of considering strain-level characteristics, and explains how whole metagenome sequencing can aid in understanding this species in genital health. Recent findings suggest that L. iners exists in the vagina as a unique combination of strains, and further research is needed to explore its functional roles and impact on susceptibility to infections.
CURRENT INFECTIOUS DISEASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Alison Schaefer, Bing Yang, Holly A. Schroeder, Dimple Harit, Mike S. Humphry, Jacques Ravel, Samuel K. Lai
Summary: In addition to its known effector functions, IgG has an under-utilized effector function at mucosal surfaces, which is trapping viruses in mucus through Fc-mucin bonds. This study reveals that certain HIV-specific IgG can effectively trap HIV in cervicovaginal mucus (CVM), and the trapping efficacy is correlated with the microbiome composition. These findings suggest that IgG-mucin interactions could potentially reduce HIV transmission and emphasize the importance of mucosal secretions in antibody-mediated prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Jason Hallarn, Greta R. Bauer, Emery Potter, Hannah Wilcox, Jacy Newfeld, Yonah Krakowsky, Jacques Ravel, Jessica L. Prodger
Summary: This study aimed to describe gynecological concerns and vaginal care practices among transfeminine individuals who have undergone vaginoplasty. The results showed that transfeminine individuals reported a range of gynecological concerns outside of the surgical healing period. Various genital practices/exposures were identified, but no clear associations between practices/exposures and symptoms were found.
JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Christina Y. Y. Lee, Jenna Diegel, Michael T. T. France, Jacques Ravel, Kelly B. B. Arnold
Summary: This study uses quantitative models to identify microbial parameters that contribute to the stability of the vaginal microbiome and reveals important interactions between Lactobacillus spp. and non-optimal vaginal bacteria. The findings suggest new strategies for managing or preventing bacterial vaginosis.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Dominick J. J. Jenkins, Benjamin M. M. Woolston, M. Indriati Hood-Pishchany, Paula Pelayo, Alyssa N. N. Konopaski, M. Quinn Peters, Michael T. T. France, Jacques Ravel, Caroline M. M. Mitchell, Seth Rakoff-Nahoum, Christopher Whidbey, Emily P. P. Balskus
Summary: Biochemical characterization of glycogen-degrading enzymes in vaginal bacteria reveals their role in metabolizing glycogen and shaping the vaginal microbiota.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Madeline Alizadeh, Kiran Motwani, Bernadette C. Siaton, Ameer Abutaleb, Jacques Ravel, Raymond K. Cross
Summary: This study provides the first comprehensive large-cohort assessment of the relationship between extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study finds that female patients with Crohn's disease and ocular or dermatologic manifestations are most likely to develop multiple EIMs. Additionally, involvement of the right colon is predictive of inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)