Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin Chong, Alan Wang, Cathy M. M. Stinear
Summary: Baseline scores and extent of impairment after stroke are important predictors of post-stroke outcomes. However, the validity of proportional recovery as a model has been questioned due to confounding factors and critiques. This article reviews the current understanding of proportional recovery, discusses potential confounds, and evaluates its usefulness in post-stroke recovery research.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jeff Goldsmith, Tomoko Kitago, Angel Garcia de la Garza, Robinson Kundert, Andreas Luft, Cathy Stinear, Winston D. Byblow, Gert Kwakkel, John W. Krakauer
Summary: The proportional recovery rule (PRR) is a statistically relevant model for stroke recovery. This article describes methods for assessing associations between baseline and changes, and provides support for the PRR compared to alternative models.
Article
Biology
Sheng Li
Summary: Stroke recovery is a journey with long-lasting consequences. Initial impairments can predict the spontaneous recovery in the first 3 to 6 months, but management plans for maximal recovery are not well understood. A proposed model within the ICF framework aims to identify opportunities and barriers to maximize functional recovery and maintain function in chronic stages.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anna K. Bonkhoff, Tom Hope, Danilo Bzdok, Adrian G. Guggisberg, Rachel L. Hawe, Sean P. Dukelow, Francois Chollet, David J. Lin, Christian Grefkes, Howard Bowman
Summary: The study developed a statistical framework to analyze recovery patterns in stroke patients with different levels of initial impairment, finding that severely affected patients recovered more as their impairment decreased, while non-severely affected patients recovered more as their initial impairment increased. The study's out-of-sample prediction performance was R-2=63.5% (95% CI=51.4% to 75.5%), providing evidence for the benefit of simultaneously modeling recovery of severely-to-non-severely impaired patients and demonstrating shared and distinct recovery patterns.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cheng-Loong Liang, Han-Jung Chen, Yi-Che Lee, Cheng-Chun Wu, Chon-Haw Tsai, Po-Lin Chen, Wei-Lun Chang, Po-Yen Yeh, Cheng-Yu Wei, Ming-Jun Tsai, Yu Sun, Chih-Hao Lin, Jiunn-Tay Lee, Ta-Chang Lai, Li-Ming Lien, Mei-Chen Lin, Cheng-Li Lin, Hao-Kuang Wang, Chung Y. Hsu
Summary: This study examined the impact of smoking on functional outcomes in young stroke patients in Taiwan. The results indicated that smokers had a higher risk of unfavorable functional outcomes at 3 months after stroke.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Maria del Carmen Pardo, Beatriz Cobo
Summary: This paper investigates various test methods for comparing survival curves and compares the size and power of thirteen test statistics through simulation study. The results show that combination test can effectively detect different types of non-proportional hazards without prior knowledge.
MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Edward J. Miech, Anthony J. Perkins, Ying Zhang, Laura J. Myers, Jason J. Sico, Joanne Daggy, Dawn M. Bravata
Summary: This study compared results from configurational analysis and logistic regression, finding that configurational analysis optimizes sensitivity with fewer conditions, while logistic regression establishes inferential relationships between outcomes and independent variables.
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Howard Bowman, Anna Bonkhoff, Tom Hope, Christian Grefkes, Cathy Price
Summary: The proportional recovery rule suggests that most stroke survivors recover a fixed proportion of lost function. Recent critiques argue that the correlation between initial scores and subsequent change may be confounded. Two studies have reassessed this, concluding that while group-level inferences are reliable, effective prediction of individual patient recovery trajectories is not supported by current evidence.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Long Li, Yuesong Pan, Mengxing Wang, Jing Jing, Xia Meng, Yong Jiang, Caixia Guo, Zening Jin, Yongjun Wang
Summary: The study observed a declining trend and current low incidence of MI or vascular death, rather than recurrent stroke, after ischaemic stroke or TIA in China. Traditional factors such as age, previous stroke or TIA, history of coronary artery disease, and NIH Stroke Scale >6 were found as independent predictors of major vascular events. Early antiplatelet therapy and lipid-lowering agents at discharge were associated with a reduced risk.
STROKE AND VASCULAR NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gorka Munoz-Gil, Giovanni Volpe, Miguel Angel Garcia-March, Erez Aghion, Aykut Argun, Chang Beom Hong, Tom Bland, Stefano Bo, J. Alberto Conejero, Nicolas Firbas, Oscar Orts, Alessia Gentili, Zihan Huang, Jae-Hyung Jeon, Helene Kabbech, Yeongjin Kim, Patrycja Kowalek, Diego Krapf, Hanna Loch-Olszewska, Michael A. Lomholt, Jean-Baptiste Masson, Philipp G. Meyer, Seongyu Park, Borja Requena, Ihor Smal, Taegeun Song, Janusz Szwabinski, Samudrajit Thapa, Hippolyte Verdier, Giorgio Volpe, Artur Widera, Maciej Lewenstein, Ralf Metzler, Carlo Manzo
Summary: Deviations from Brownian motion leading to anomalous diffusion are commonly found in transport dynamics, but challenging to characterize. An open competition comparing different approaches for single trajectory analysis showed that machine learning methods outperform classical approaches.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neuroimaging
Zimbul Albo, Jose Marino, Muhammad Nagy, Dilip K. Jayaraman, Muhammad U. Azeem, Ajit S. Puri, Nils Henninger
Summary: WML was not significantly associated with early outcomes after MT, but patients with moderate-to-severe WML had a higher risk of unfavorable long-term outcomes such as an mRS score ≥3 and risk of death after adjusting for confounders. Aggressive monitoring of medical complications could improve outcomes in patients with WML.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINTERVENTIONAL SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gustavo Balbinot, Guijin Li, Sukhvinder Kalsi-Ryan, Rainer Abel, Doris Maier, Yorck-Bernhard Kalke, Norbert Weidner, Ruediger Rupp, Martin Schubert, Armin Curt, Jose Zariffa
Summary: The study investigates the recovery of segmental innervation of upper limb muscles after spinal cord injury. It shows associations between corticospinal tract sparing and upper extremity recovery in spinal cord injury. The assessment strategies for muscle-specific motor recovery in acute spinal cord injury are improved by accounting for corticospinal tract sparing, complementing person-level predictions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katy Pedlow, Suzanne McDonough, Natalie Klempel, Jenny Hylands, Noelene Hughes, Zoe Campbell, Janice J. Eng, Aoife Stephenson, Niamh Kennedy
Summary: Poor recovery of the upper limb after stroke is a significant problem in the UK. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a rehabilitation program and determine if it can be integrated into practice. The findings will inform the need for a larger randomized controlled trial to assess intervention efficacy.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alexander Chye, Maree L. Hackett, Graeme J. Hankey, Erik Lundstrom, Osvaldo P. Almeida, John Gommans, Martin Dennis, Stephen Jan, Gillian E. Mead, Andrew H. Ford, Christopher Etherton Beer, Leon Flicker, Candice Delcourt, Laurent Billot, Craig S. Anderson, Katharina Stibrant Sunnerhagen, Qilong Yi, Severine Bompoint, Thang Huy Nguyen, Thomas Lung
Summary: This study compares the analytical implications of single-measure and repeated-measures analyses of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in evaluating functional recovery after acute stroke. The findings suggest that repeated-measures analysis can improve trial precision in identifying trial associations and effects.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ivie Tokunbah, Eleanor Mina Sung, Fiona Chatfield, Nathan Gaines, May Nour, Sidney Starkman, Jeffrey L. Saver
Summary: The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is commonly used in acute stroke trials, but its power is limited when analyzed dichotomously. In response to this issue, the utility-weighted-mRS (UW-mRS) has been developed as a linear scale. Two display formats, Utility Staircase and choropleth-stacked-bar-charts (CSBCs), have been devised to accurately show utility outcomes, with Utility Staircase displays being preferred by clinicians for utility results visualization.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Ruth Pauli, Gregor Kohls, Peter Tino, Jack C. Rogers, Sarah Baumann, Katharina Ackermann, Anka Bernhard, Anne Martinelli, Lucres Jansen, Helena Oldenhof, Karen Gonzalez-Madruga, Areti Smaragdi, Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Torres, Inaki Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Cyril Boonmann, Linda Kersten, Aitana Bigorra, Amaia Hervas, Christina Stadler, Aranzazu Fernandez-Rivas, Arne Popma, Kerstin Konrad, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Graeme Fairchild, Christine M. Freitag, Pia Rotshtein, Stephane A. De Brito
Summary: Theoretical links between conduct disorder (CD) with high levels of callous-unemotional traits (CD/HCU) and difficulties with fear and sadness recognition have been mixed, and it is unclear if these difficulties reliably distinguish CD/HCU from CD with low levels of callous-unemotional traits (CD/LCU). This study used univariate analyses and machine learning classifiers to investigate emotion recognition abilities in a large sample. The results suggest that non-specific emotion recognition difficulties are common in CD/HCU, but are not reliable markers of CD/HCU at the individual level.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sharon Geva, Letitia M. Schneider, Shamima Khan, Diego L. Lorca-Puls, Andrea Gajardo-Vidal, Thomas M. H. Hope, David W. Green, Cathy J. Price
Summary: This study investigated the performance of stroke survivors in speech production and found that patients with left dorsal striatal damage showed higher activation during successful speech production. The results also suggest that enhanced activation in the left superior parietal cortex supports speech production in diverse challenging circumstances.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karl Friston
Summary: This review explores computational psychiatry from the perspective of pathophysiology, using generative models to explain psychopathology. It discusses the brain from cognitive and computational neuroscience viewpoints, providing a formal description of neuronal message passing, distributed processing, and belief propagation in neuronal networks. It also examines how dysconnections in the brain can lead to abnormal belief updating and false inference, and explores the use of computational models in various psychiatric research areas, including computational neuropsychology, computational phenotyping, and computational nosology.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Natalie E. Adams, Amirhossein Jafarian, Alistair Perry, Matthew A. Rouse, Alexander D. Shaw, Alexander G. Murley, Thomas E. Cope, W. Richard Bevan-Jones, Luca Passamonti, Duncan Street, Negin Holland, David Nesbitt, Laura E. Hughes, Karl J. Friston, James B. Rowe
Summary: Adams et al. use PET measures of synaptic density to enhance biophysical models of cortical dynamics and demonstrate the link between synaptic loss, neurophysiology, and cognitive deficits. Their inclusion of regional synaptic density in a mesoscale model of human cortical function significantly increases model evidence and predicts individual differences in behavior. This method can be applied to assess the mechanisms of other neurological disorders and test the effects of experimental pharmacology.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Natalie Kastel, Casper Hesp, K. Richard Ridderinkhof, Karl J. Friston
Summary: This paper proposes a testable deep active inference formulation of social behavior and conducts simulations of cumulative culture. By considering cultural transmission as a bi-directional process of communication and social exchange as a process of active inference, the study discovers that cumulative culture emerges from belief updating through a joint minimization of uncertainty.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROROBOTICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cam Bowie, Karl Friston
Summary: This study analyzed the COVID-19 epidemic in the past 12 months and made predictions for the next year based on this analysis. It found that changes in transmissibility and public behavior led to an underestimation of the severity of the epidemic in previous predictions. The projections indicate that the number of infections in the coming year will be three times larger than last year, leading to more deaths and economic consequences.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Karl Friston, Daniel A. Friedman, Axel Constant, V. Bleu Knight, Chris Fields, Thomas Parr, John O. Campbell
Summary: This paper presents a variational formulation of natural selection, focusing on the nature of 'things' and how different 'kinds' of 'things' are individuated from each other and influence each other. Bayesian mechanics is used to understand the relationship between slow phylogenetic processes and fast phenotypic processes. The main result is the formulation of adaptive fitness as a phenotypic fitness path integral. Paths of least action at both phenotypic and phylogenetic scales can be seen as inference and learning processes respectively.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Thomas M. H. Hope, Douglas Neville, Lia Talozzi, Chris Foulon, Stephanie J. Forkel, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Cathy J. Price
Review
Clinical Neurology
Achim Schilling, William Sedley, Richard Gerum, Claus Metzner, Konstantin Tziridis, Andreas Maier, Holger Schulze, Fan-Gang Zeng, Karl J. Friston, Patrick Krauss
Summary: This article reviews recent work at the intersection of artificial intelligence, psychology, and neuroscience, using tinnitus as an example of auditory phantom perception. The authors discuss the reasons behind the emergence of auditory phantom perceptions and their crucial role in healthy auditory perception. They propose that neural noise along the auditory pathway is generated as a compensatory mechanism and can be misinterpreted as auditory input, leading to tinnitus. The principles of predictive coding and adaptive stochastic resonance are identified as the most explanatory factors for phantom perceptions and may also improve machine learning techniques.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Thomas M. H. Hope, Ajay Halai, Jenny Crinion, Paola Castelli, Cathy J. Price, Howard Bowman
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Denis Brouillet, Karl Friston
Summary: The brain is known to be a predictive organ that predicts sensory content and the accuracy of its predictions. It must infer the reliability of its own beliefs in order to predict the precision of its predictions. This recognition process leads to the concept of "fluency", which is the perception of having a precise understanding of sensory processes. Changes in fluency, from unfelt to felt, are recognized and realized when updating predictions about accuracy.
CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION
(2023)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Alexander Leff, Catherine Doogan, John Bentley, Bani Makkar, Luisa Zenobi-Bird, Amy Sherman, Simon Grobler, Jennifer Crinion
Summary: The field of human expert performance teaches us that high quality, high-dose guided practice is required to make large gains in cognitively driven acts. The same seems to be true for people with acquired brain injury. Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Programmes (ICAPs) are one way to address the chronic under-dosing of therapy that most people with aphasia experience.
Review
Biology
Karl Friston, Lancelot Da Costa, Dalton A. R. Sakthivadivel, Conor Heins, Grigorios A. Pavliotis, Maxwell Ramstead, Thomas Parr
Summary: This paper introduces a path integral formulation of the free energy principle to describe the trajectories of particles over time. By employing the principle of least action, it is possible to simulate the behavior of particles in exchange with their external environment. The paper discusses various types of particles and their different levels of inference or sentience.
PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
L. Taylor, J. Bentley, A. Sherman, B. Makkar, L. Zenobi-Bird, C. Doogan, J. Crinion, A. Leff
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Noor Sajid, Laura Convertino, Victorita Neacsu, Thomas Parr, Karl Friston
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)