Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jacqueline S. Dron, Aniruddh P. Patel, Yiyi Zhang, Sean J. Jurgens, Dimitri J. Maamari, Minxian Wang, Eric Boerwinkle, Alanna C. Morrison, Paul S. de Vries, Myriam Fornage, Lifang Hou, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Bruce M. Psaty, Russell P. Tracy, Joshua C. Bis, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Daniel Levy, Nancy Heard-Costa, Stephen S. Rich, Xiuqing Guo, Kent D. Taylor, Richard A. Gibbs, Jerome I. Rotter, Cristen J. Willer, Elizabeth C. Oelsner, Andrew E. Moran, Gina M. Peloso, Pradeep Natarajan, Amit V. Khera
Summary: This study found that protein-truncating variants in APOB and PCSK9 are associated with lower LDL cholesterol levels and reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Rating: 8 points
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tianci Yao, Weilin Lu, Jinshan Ke, Hao Zhang, Xiaofang Zhao, Bei Song, Ting Liu, Qinmei Ke, Chengyun Liu
Summary: Elevated apoB levels are associated with the severity and residual risk of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in participants with statin treatment, while elevated LDL-C levels are not significantly associated with these outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Timoteo Marchini, Sophie Hansen, Dennis Wolf
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall characterized by the formation of vessel-occluding plaques. Recent evidence suggests that autoreactive CD4(+) T cells recognizing self-peptides from Apolipoprotein B play a crucial role in driving the autoimmune response and contributing to plaque instability.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Goran Walldius, Ulf de Faire, Lars Alfredsson, Karin Leander, Peter Westerholm, Hakan Malmstrom, Torbjorn Ivert, Niklas Hammar
Summary: Elevated levels of apoB and apoB/apoA-1 ratio are associated with increased risk of MACEs, while decreased levels of apoA-1 potentiate the impact of apoB. MACEs occur earlier with higher apoB/apoA-1 ratio, suggesting the need for early recognition and primary prevention.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Renato Quispe, Seth Shay Martin, Erin Donelly Michos, Isha Lamba, Roger Scott Blumenthal, Anum Saeed, Joao Lima, Rishi Puri, Sarah Nomura, Michael Tsai, John Wilkins, Christie Mitchell Ballantyne, Stephen Nicholls, Steven Richard Jones, Mohamed Badreldin Elshazly
Summary: High remnant cholesterol (RC) levels are associated with ASCVD in individuals without known ASCVD, independent of traditional risk factors, LDL-C, and apoB levels. The discordant group with high RC/low LDL-C, but not the low RC/high LDL-C group, showed increased ASCVD risk compared to the concordant group.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Heinz Drexel, Barbara Larcher, Arthur Mader, Alexander Vonbank, Christine F. Heinzle, Berthold Moser, Daniela Zanolin-Purin, Christoph H. Saely
Summary: The LDL-C/ApoB ratio was found to independently predict major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with established atherosclerosis, including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiacheng Lai, Yongsheng Han, Chongjian Huang, Bin Li, Jingshu Ni, Meili Dong, Yikun Wang, Qingtong Wang
Summary: This study revealed that cardiovascular events occur at earlier ages in patients with CHD who are comorbid for hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes. Patients on rosuvastatin therapy had lower LDL-C attainment rate compared to apoB attainment rate, with a positive correlation between skin cholesterol reduction and reductions in both LDL-C and apoB levels. Non-invasive skin cholesterol measurements may be a potential independent marker for evaluating lipid management.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Polyxeni Papadea, Marianna Skipitari, Electra Kalaitzopoulou, Athina Varemmenou, Maria Spiliopoulou, Marios Papasotiriou, Evangelos Papachristou, Dimitrios Goumenos, Anny Onoufriou, Eleftheria Rosmaraki, Irene Margiolaki, Christos D. Georgiou
Summary: The present study uses simple, innovative methods to isolate, characterize, and fractionate LDL in its main components for the study of specific oxidations on them. It aims to understand the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) status and its relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. The study provides protocols for LDL isolation, purity verification, fractionation, and measurement of specific LDL component oxidative modifications, which can help in studying atherosclerosis and developing CVD prevention strategies.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tadeja Sotler, Miran Sebestjen
Summary: Disturbances in lipid metabolism are a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an important protein in lipid metabolism that is also involved in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerotic plaque development. PCSK9 has been linked to inflammation and plays a role in the initiation and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Experimental studies have shown that an increased concentration of PCSK9 accelerates endothelial cell apoptosis and impairs endothelial function, creating conditions for the development of atherosclerosis. PCSK9 inhibitors can improve clinical outcomes through both lipid-dependent and lipid-independent pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Petri Kresanov, Juha Mykkanen, Markku Ahotupa, Mika Ala-Korpela, Markus Juonala, Jari Kaikkonen, Mika Kahonen, Terho Lehtimaki, Tommi Vasankari, Jorma Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari
Summary: The study found that oxidized HDL lipids were not significantly associated with lipoprotein subclass lipid concentrations and composition after adjusting for certain factors, while oxidized LDL lipids were associated with multiple markers of lipoprotein subclass lipid concentrations and composition. Additionally, HDL and LDL subclass measures, such as phospholipid and triglyceride composition, were directly associated with oxidized LDL lipids, while cholesterol ester and free cholesterol composition in HDL and LDL were inversely associated. These results suggest that LDL oxidation may play a role in atherogenesis.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Enrica Rossini, Federico Biscetti, Maria Margherita Rando, Elisabetta Nardella, Andrea Leonardo Cecchini, Maria Anna Nicolazzi, Marcello Covino, Antonio Gasbarrini, Massimo Massetti, Andrea Flex
Summary: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries, although its impact is decreasing. Statins are effective in reducing LDL cholesterol and the risk of mortality, but are under-prescribed or under-dosed due to concerns about side effects. Personalized treatment decisions should be made based on individual considerations and shared decision-making.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sibel Ciplak, Ahmet Adiguzel, Yusuf Ziya Deniz, Melike Aba, Unal Ozturk
Summary: This study investigated the application of TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in young patients with ischemic stroke, and found that high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was associated with increased stroke risk.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li Xiao, Kerui Zhang, Fang Wang, Min Wang, Qingxia Huang, Chenchen Wei, Zhongshan Gou
Summary: This study is a secondary analysis of existing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, aiming to explore the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration to total apolipoprotein B concentration ratio (LAR) and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The study found a negative correlation between LAR and mortality.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yu-lin Li, Jia-ying Xie, Bin Lu, Xiao-di Sun, Fang-fang Chen, Zhou-jie Tong, Wen-wen Sai, Wei Zhang, Zhi-hao Wang, Ming Zhong
Summary: This study found that serum beta-sheet levels in coronary heart disease patients were negatively correlated with LDL-C, and positively correlated with coronary lesions when risk factors were controlled.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander V. Sorokin, Nidhi Patel, Haiou Li, Christin G. Hong, Maureen Sampson, Ross O'Hagan, Elizabeth M. Florida, Heather L. Teague, Martin P. Playford, Marcus Y. Chen, Nehal N. Mehta, Alan T. Remaley
Summary: Psoriasis is associated with systemic inflammation and high risk of coronary artery disease. Patients with psoriasis have elevated levels of plasma triglycerides and normal or low levels of LDL-C. This study found that estimated sdLDL-C is more strongly associated with high-risk features of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in psoriasis patients.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2023)