The extracts of Angelica sinensis restore the digestive and absorptive capacity through improving antioxidant status in digestive organs of fish treated with trichlorfon

Firstly, a linoleic acid emulsion and fish hepatopancreas homogenate were incubated with ethoxyquin and the extracts of Angelica sinensis. The results demonstrated that ethoxyquin showed the strongest protective effects against lipid oxidation of all of the examined compounds (p 0.05). However, ethyl acetate extract of Angelica sinensis at high concentrations showed a stronger effect on lipid oxidation than that of ethoxyquin (p 0.05). Next, seven experimental diets that contained 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 g/kg of ethyl acetate extract of Angelica sinensis were fed to seven groups of carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) respectively. After 60 days, carp were exposed to 2.4 mg trichlorfon/L in water for 4 days. The results displayed that trichlorfon exposure increased the contents of malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl in digestive organs and the activities of glutamate-oxaloacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in plasma, and decreased feed intake, the level of reduced glutathione, and the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, alpha-amylase, Na+,K+-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, antisuperoxide anion, antihydroxyl radical, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase in digestive organs of carp (p 0.05). Moreover, the dietary ethyl acetate extract of Angelica sinensis prevented the decrease in the above parameters in carp treated with trichlorfon (p 0.05). These results revealed that the dietary ethyl acetate extract of Angelica sinensis could quench the trichlorfon-induced structural and functional damage by improving the antioxidative capacity of the digestive organs of fish. Therefore, the extract of Angelica sinensis could be used as an inhibitor of trichlorfon stress in fish.