Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wen-Fei Liu, Kue-Ho Kim, Hyo-Jin Ahn
Summary: In recent years, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have gained global attention due to their advantages of large scale, high safety, and long-term cyclability. However, the unsatisfactory kinetics of carbon-based anodes, especially graphite felt (GF), hinders the commercial application of VRFBs. To address this issue, a lamination layer of Nb-doped TiO2 (NTO) is introduced to a heat-treated graphite felt (HGF), which improves the surface properties of GF anodes and enables superior energy storage performance compared with other electrodes. The NTO-HGF anode demonstrates a higher energy efficiency of 82.03% compared to pristine GF.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sieun Jeon, Heeyeon An, Chanho Noh, Yongchai Kwon, Yongjin Chung
Summary: The MTMO (modified TEMPO mediated oxidation) process was used to increase the carboxylic acid group (COOH) content on the surface of lower crystallinity carbon materials (LCCMs), resulting in improved hydrophilicity without defects. The process is environmentally friendly and has advantages such as a recyclable oxidizing agent and room-temperature aqueous treatment. The MTMO-GF electrodes showed improved performance in vanadium ion redox reaction and vanadium redox flow battery tests, with higher current densities and lower charge transfer resistance compared to CH-GF electrodes.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniel Manaye Kabtamu, Yu-Zhen Li, Anteneh Wodaje Bayeh, Yun-Ting Ou, Zih-Jhong Huang, Tai-Chin Chiang, Hsin-Chih Huang, Chen-Hao Wang
Summary: This paper presents the successful fabrication of a low-cost platelike bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) material through a simple hydrothermal route, which is used as an electrocatalyst for the negative electrode in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The BiVO4-decorated graphite felt (GF) electrode exhibits optimal electrocatalytic activity and reversibility for the redox reactions. The VRFB cell assembled with BiVO4-GF as the negative electrode demonstrates higher energy efficiency and stability compared to the cell with a heat-treated graphite felt (HT-GF) electrode.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. Sun, M. C. Wu, X. Z. Fan, Y. H. Wan, C. Y. H. Chao, T. S. Zhao
Summary: A novel electrode structure combining microscale carbon fibers and porous carbon nanofibers was developed for vanadium redox flow batteries, resulting in significantly improved energy efficiency and power density. The interweaving of porous carbon nanofibers between aligned microfibers effectively addressed the contradiction between permeability and surface area in traditional electrodes, opening new possibilities for high-performance electrodes in flow batteries.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jungyeon Ji, Chanho Noh, Mingyu Shin, Seunghye Oh, Yongjin Chung, Yongchai Kwon, Do-Heyoung Kim
Summary: A new and economical mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon structure was prepared using sodium citrate and urea precursors and doped onto graphite felt electrodes. The catalytic properties of the doped electrode were compared with pristine graphite felt and sodium citrate-doped graphite felt electrodes. The results showed that the SC/U-GF electrode exhibited excellent catalytic activity and improved reactivity and reversibility of redox reactions.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Martin Bures, Zbynedk Tomiska, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Premysl Richtr, Jaromfr Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Petr Mazur, Alexandr Zubov
Summary: Redox flow batteries are promising for energy storage in residential and grid applications due to their decoupled power and capacity. The carbon felt electrode, a key component of the battery, does not directly participate in the electrochemical reaction but provides active sites for electroactive ions. This study developed a mathematical model to evaluate the geometrical parameters and simulate the electrical conductivity and hydraulic resistance of commercially available carbon felt electrodes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiayou Ren, Zhenyu Wang, Jing Sun, Zixiao Guo, Bin Liu, Xinzhuang Fan, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: In this study, a new in-situ electrodeposition strategy of bismuth was developed to achieve uniform and dense deposition of bismuth nanoparticles onto graphite fibers of a scale-up anode. Compared with conventional methods, this strategy prevented the oxidation of bismuth nanoparticles by vanadium ions, resulting in higher energy efficiency and stable operation of vanadium redox flow batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi-Hung Wang, I-Ming Hung, Cheng-Yeou Wu
Summary: This study explored a new method of preparing an electrode for a vanadium redox flow battery by depositing vanadium precursor on the surface of graphite felt and calcining vanadium oxide. After testing, it was found that the activated graphite felt showed good capacity utilization and capacity retention in the battery.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Matteo Gigli, Barbara Mecheri, Silvia Licoccia, Alessandra D'Epifanio
Summary: Crosslinked hydrocarbon-based cation exchange membranes have been developed for vanadium redox flow battery applications, with the membrane containing 9% of crosslinker showing the best performance. The crosslinking strategy allows for stable membranes in highly oxidizing environments, increasing the rigidity of the polymer backbone.
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dixuan Cheng, Wenjie Zhu, Jiayi Gao, Jin Li, YuJie Yang, Lei Dai, Yongguang Liu, Ling Wang, Zhangxing He
Summary: In this paper, a vanadium redox flow battery carbon nanofiber electrode (CNF-700-4) with high graphitization, large specific surface area and high porosity was prepared by introducing ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). The effects of FAC content and calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of carbon nanofiber electrode was systematically studied. CNF-700-4 exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity and reversibility towards VO2+/VO2+ and V2+/V3+ redox couples among all electrodes.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Debabrata Mohanty, Yi-Hung Wang, Ya-Chen Tsai, I-Ming Hung
Summary: Vanadium oxide is an environmentally friendly material, but its economic utilization is challenging due to the inability to control the size of etched holes. In this study, copper/graphite felt composite electrodes with controllable hole depth were prepared by electrodeposition and etching. The composite electrodes exhibited good material characteristics and electrochemical performance under specific etching temperature and time conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Seong Eun Park, So Yeon Yang, Ki Jae Kim
Summary: Boron-doped carbon felt is proposed as a promising electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries, with enhanced affinity with electrolytes and improved energy efficiency attributed to its enhanced electrocatalytic properties towards redox reactions.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Song-Yu Chen, Yu-Lin Kuo, Yao-Ming Wang, Wei-Mau Hsu, Tzu-Hsuan Chien, Chiu-Feng Lin, Cheng-Hsien Kuo, Akitoshi Okino, Tai-Chin Chiang
Summary: Commercial graphite felt (GF) is used as electrodes and coated with a polydopamine catalyst to enhance the electrocatalytic activity for the redox reaction of vanadium ions in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Through a facile coating using atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ), the surface superhydrophilicity is altered and more active sites are provided on the modified electrodes, leading to improved electrochemical performance. The technique of APPJ coating offers oxygen-containing functional groups on the substrate surface for hydrogen bonding with grafted polymeric materials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
L. Wei, L. Zeng, M. S. Han, W. J. Li, L. P. Chen, J. H. Xu, T. S. Zhao
Summary: Developing electrodes with high stability and activity is crucial for the application of redox flow batteries. In this study, a nano-sized TiC electro-catalyst embedded in a multiscale-pore-network structured graphite felt was fabricated by utilizing Ti and O atoms from TiO2 nano seeds. The resulting electrode showed improved battery performance with higher energy efficiency and electrolyte utilization compared to pristine and thermally treated electrodes. The study suggests that engineering structures of electrocatalysts in nanopores can advance flow battery electrode technology.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hongwei Li, Huina Wang, Yueyang Xie, Yukun Wang, Guanghong Yan, Bin Wang, Fei Xue
Summary: In this study, oxygen and nitrogen doping in graphite felt (GF) was achieved through Fe etching and nitrogen functionalization using K2FeO4 and NH3. The modified GF showed enhanced disordered structure and increased oxygen and nitrogen functional groups. The energy efficiency of the modified GF electrode remained at 81.8% after 50 charge-discharge cycles, indicating improved performance of the VRFB.
Article
Electrochemistry
Jiayou Ren, Zhenyu Wang, Bin Liu, Qianli Yue, Xinzhuang Fan, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: This study investigates the effects of temperature on the performance of stack-scale vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). It is found that temperature has a greater impact on the discharge capacity than on the energy efficiency. The enhancement effect of temperature on energy efficiency decreases with increasing flow rate, while it increases with the operating current density. An optimum operating condition is identified at a critical flow rate (2.88 ml min(-1) cm(-2)) and 40 degrees C for high system efficiency.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhenyu Wang, Zixiao Guo, Jiayou Ren, Yiju Li, Bin Liu, Xinzhuang Fan, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: Researchers have developed an efficient valence regulation strategy to suppress the capacity decay in vanadium redox flow batteries by adjusting the average valence of vanadium in the electrolyte. The accumulated discharge capacity after 400 cycles was improved by 52.33%. This method is easy to scale up and provides insights into the capacity decay mechanism of VRFBs.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qinping Jian, Tianshuai Wang, Jing Sun, Bin Liu, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: Low-cost and high-safety aqueous zinc batteries suffer from irreversibility of the anode. This study uses dimethylacetamide as a water dragger in low-concentration ZnSO4 electrolytes to reshape the solvation structure of Zn2+ ions. The use of dimethylacetamide-hybrid electrolyte improves the coulombic efficiency and cycle lifespan of the batteries, and shows superior rate performance and long-term cyclability in full cells.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lyuming Pan, Jing Sun, Honghao Qi, Meisheng Han, Liuping Chen, Junhui Xu, Lei Wei, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: Designing flow fields for uniform reactant distribution is critical for enhancing redox flow battery performance. This paper presents an improved design of conventional serpentine flow fields, with a linearly reduced channel depth from inlet to outlet. Numerical simulations show that an optimized gradient at 25% leads to the highest pump-based voltage efficiency. Experimental validations demonstrate that this optimized flow field significantly improves energy efficiency (by 5.0%) and electrolyte utilization (by 27.7%) in a vanadium redox flow battery.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zixiao Guo, Jiayou Ren, Jing Sun, Bin Liu, Xinzhuang Fan, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: This study proposes a bifurcate interdigitated flow field that can uniformly distribute electrolytes and reduce the pumping work in high-performance redox flow batteries. The application of this flow field to a vanadium redox flow battery increases the pump-based voltage efficiency and reduces pressure drop compared to conventional designs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Meisheng Han, Yongbiao Mu, Jincong Guo, Lei Wei, Lin Zeng, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: Co-doped monolayer MoS2 is prepared by in-situ construction of interlayer electrostatic repulsion caused by Co-2+ substituting Mo4+. This breaks the limitation of interlayer van der Waals forces and establishes isotropic ion transport paths, enhancing the ion transport capability of MoS2.
NANO-MICRO LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Meisheng Han, Yongbiao Mu, Lei Wei, Lin Zeng, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: To address the issues of capacity decay and slow charging of silicon in lithium-ion batteries, researchers have proposed a multilevel carbon structure with vertical graphene sheets (VGSs) grown on subnanoscopic Si-C composite nanospheres and embedded into a carbon matrix. This structure enhances the conductivity and stability of silicon, improving the performance of the electrode.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhenyu Wang, Jiayou Ren, Jing Sun, Yiju Li, Zixiao Guo, Bin Liu, Xinzhuang Fan, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: In this study, the researchers discovered that the acid-doped PBI membrane conducts both H+ and SO24- in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). They also found that the capacity decay features of VRFBs with the acid-doped PBI membrane exhibit the same trend as that of anion exchange membrane. By using a two-cell stack consisting of an acid-doped PBI membrane and an N212 membrane, they were able to mitigate capacity decay and significantly increase the accumulated discharge capacity.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Haodong Huang, Cailin Xiao, Zijie Zhang, Tianshou Zhao, Lin Zeng Abc
Summary: This study develops a multi-physics model to investigate and optimize transport phenomena in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). The findings suggest that adjusting the anode inlet gas relative humidity and optimizing the microstructure of the anode gas diffusion layer can improve the maximal power density and alleviate anode flooding.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
L. Wei, L. Zeng, M. S. Han, W. J. Li, L. P. Chen, J. H. Xu, T. S. Zhao
Summary: Developing electrodes with high stability and activity is crucial for the application of redox flow batteries. In this study, a nano-sized TiC electro-catalyst embedded in a multiscale-pore-network structured graphite felt was fabricated by utilizing Ti and O atoms from TiO2 nano seeds. The resulting electrode showed improved battery performance with higher energy efficiency and electrolyte utilization compared to pristine and thermally treated electrodes. The study suggests that engineering structures of electrocatalysts in nanopores can advance flow battery electrode technology.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Jiayi Li, Zeyu Xu, Maochun Wu
Summary: Aqueous flow cells, including redox flow batteries and regenerative fuel cells, have potential for grid-scale energy storage due to their safety, scalability, and flexibility. Halogens have been extensively studied as redox active species in aqueous flow cells due to their low cost, abundance, and desirable electrochemical properties. This review provides a comprehensive summary of halogen-based flow cells, discussing their working principles, challenges, recent progress, and future perspectives.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zixiao Guo, Jing Sun, Xinzhuang Fan, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: Designing flow fields with enhanced convection is crucial for improving battery performance. This study presents a numerically modeled convection-enhanced flow field, which is achieved by redesigning the flow path to enhance mass transport. Key geometric parameters and flowing patterns are investigated. The results show that adjusting the channel fraction and number can achieve a more uniform reactant distribution but increase pumping work. Additionally, seven novel flow path designs with enhanced convection are proposed by tailoring rotary methods. The optimized flow field demonstrates higher pump-based voltage efficiency in a vanadium redox flow battery.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Ang Li, Jiayi Li, Yurong He, Maochun Wu
Summary: Zinc (Zn) metal has great potential as an anode material for rechargeable aqueous batteries due to its low cost, high abundance, low electrochemical potential, and large specific capacity. However, the poor reversibility caused by dendrite formation and side reactions has hindered its practical application. This review provides a systematic summary and discussion on electrolyte strategies for high-performance aqueous Zn batteries. Various electrolyte modulation strategies are classified and elaborated, and the remaining challenges and promising future research directions are highlighted.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xudong Peng, Bin Liu, Junjie Chen, Qinping Jian, Yiju Li, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: A new LiPF6-compatible ether electrolyte has been developed to improve the cycling performance of micrometer-sized silicon (mSi) anode. The electrolyte forms solvation complexes that facilitate passivation of the mSi anode surface, leading to the formation of a thin and stratified solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) rich in LiF. As a result, the mSi anode demonstrates high capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency in a medium-concentration EGDE-LiPF6-based electrolyte. This study provides an effective strategy for extending the cycling life of mSi anode.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiayou Ren, Zhenyu Wang, Jing Sun, Zixiao Guo, Bin Liu, Xinzhuang Fan, Tianshou Zhao
Summary: In this study, a new in-situ electrodeposition strategy of bismuth was developed to achieve uniform and dense deposition of bismuth nanoparticles onto graphite fibers of a scale-up anode. Compared with conventional methods, this strategy prevented the oxidation of bismuth nanoparticles by vanadium ions, resulting in higher energy efficiency and stable operation of vanadium redox flow batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shitong Fang, Houfan Du, Tao Yan, Keyu Chen, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoqing Ma, Zhihui Lai, Shengxi Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear VIV energy harvester (ANVEH) that compensates for the decrease in peak energy output at low wind speeds by introducing an auxiliary structure. Theoretical and experimental results show that ANVEH performs better than traditional nonlinear VIV energy harvesters under various system parameter variations.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Teng Wang, Yufei Zhang, Aimin Sha, Jingjing Xiao, Dongdong Yuan
Summary: A standardized method was developed to evaluate the availability of solar energy resources in road areas, which combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). By analyzing critical factors and using a multi-indicator evaluation method, the method accurately evaluated the utilization of solar energy resources and guided the optimal location selection for road photovoltaic (PV) projects. The results provided guidance for the application of road PV projects and site selection for route corridors worldwide, promoting the integration of transportation and energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Liu, Jacob A. Wrubel, Elliot Padgett, Guido Bender
Summary: The study investigates the effects of coating defects on the performance of the anode porous transport layer (PTL) in water electrolyzers. The results show that an increasing fraction of uncoated regions on the PTL leads to decreased cell performance, with continuous uncoated regions having a more severe impact compared to multiple thin uncoated strips.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcos Tostado-Veliz, Xiaolong Jin, Rohit Bhakar, Francisco Jurado
Summary: In this paper, a coordinated charging price mechanism for clusters of parking lots is proposed. The research shows that enabling vehicle-to-grid characteristics can bring significant economic benefits for users and the cluster coordinator, and vehicle-to-grid impacts noticeably on the risk-averse character of the uncertainty-aware strategies. The developed pricing mechanism can reduce the cost for users, avoiding to directly translate the energy cost to charging points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duan Kang
Summary: Building an energy superpower is a key strategy for China and a long-term goal for other countries. This study proposes an evaluation system and index for measuring energy superpower, and finds that China has significantly improved its ranking over the past 21 years, surpassing other countries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Yifei Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Yi Wang, Bin Huang
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic blockage mechanism of sand and hydrate in gravel filling layer and the evolution of permeability in the layer. Experimental models and modified permeability models were established to analyze the effects of sand particles and hydrate formation on permeability. The study provided valuable insights for the safe and efficient exploitation of hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wang, Xiwen Chen, Natan Vital, Edward Duffy, Abolfazl Razi
Summary: This study proposes a HVAC energy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. It achieves 37% energy savings and ensures thermal comfort for open office buildings. The model has a low complexity, uses a few controllable factors, and has a short training time with good generalizability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moyue Cong, Yongzhuo Gao, Weidong Wang, Long He, Xiwang Mao, Yi Long, Wei Dong
Summary: This study introduces a multi-strategy ultra-wideband energy harvesting device that achieves high power output without the need for external power input. By utilizing asymmetry, stagger array, magnetic coupling, and nonlinearity strategies, the device maintains a stable output voltage and high power density output at non-resonant frequencies. Temperature and humidity monitoring are performed using Bluetooth sensors to adaptively assess the device.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianshu Dong, Xiudong Duan, Yuanyuan Huang, Danji Huang, Yingdong Luo, Ziyu Liu, Xiaomeng Ai, Jiakun Fang, Chaolong Song
Summary: Electrochemical water splitting is crucial for hydrogen production, and improving the hydrogen separation rate from the electrode is essential for enhancing water electrolyzer performance. However, issues such as air bubble adhesion to the electrode plate hinder the process. Therefore, a methodology to investigate the two-phase flow within the electrolyzer is in high demand. This study proposes using a microfluidic system as a simulator for the electrolyzer and optimizing the two-phase flow by manipulating the micro-structure of the flow.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Han, Yifan Yuan, Mengjiao He, Ziwen Zhao, Beibei Xu, Diyi Chen, Jakub Jurasz
Summary: Giving full play to the flexibility of hydropower and integrating more variable renewable energy is of great significance for accelerating the transformation of China's power energy system. This study proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling model that considers the flexibility limited by irregular vibration zones (VZs) and the probability of flexibility shortage in a hydropower-variable renewable energy hybrid generation system. The model is applied to a real hydropower station and effectively improves the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower, especially during heavy load demand in flood season.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Wang, Kangqi Fan, Shizhong Zhao, Shuxin Wu, Xuan Zhang, Kangjia Zhai, Zhiqi Li, Hua He
Summary: This study developed a high-performance rotary energy harvester (AI-REH) inspired by archery, which efficiently accumulates and releases ultralow-frequency vibration energy. By utilizing a magnetic coupling strategy and an accumulator spring, the AI-REH achieves significantly accelerated rotor speeds and enhanced electric outputs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Yang, Qianyi Xing, Kang Wang, Caihong Li, Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel hybrid Quantile Regression (QR) model is proposed for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (PLF). The model integrates causal dilated convolution, residual connection, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for multi-scale feature extraction. In addition, a Combined Probabilistic Load Forecasting System (CPLFS) is proposed to overcome the inherent flaws of relying on a single model. Simulation results show that the hybrid QR outperforms traditional models and CPLFS exceeds the best benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wen-Jiang Zou, Young-Bae Kim, Seunghun Jung
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic prediction model for capacity fade in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The model accurately predicts changes in electrolyte volume and capacity fade, enhancing the competitiveness of VRFBs in energy storage applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuechao Ma, Shengtie Wang, Guangchen Liu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Ruiming Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the balance of state of charge (SOC) among multiple battery energy storage units (MBESUs) and bus voltage balance in an islanded bipolar DC microgrid. A SOC automatic balancing strategy is proposed considering the energy flow relationship and utilizing the adaptive virtual resistance algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in achieving SOC balancing and decreasing bus voltage unbalance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.
