Review
Immunology
Xuan Zhang, Tao Wu, Xinyi Cai, Jianhua Dong, Cuifeng Xia, Yongchun Zhou, Rong Ding, Renfang Yang, Jing Tan, Lijuan Zhang, Ya Zhang, Yuqin Wang, Chao Dong, Yunfeng Li
Summary: Patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer and high microsatellite instability/deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/dMMR) receive little benefit from neoadjuvant therapy. However, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors may change the treatment approach and have implications for neoadjuvant therapy in other cancers.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel-Clement Osei-Bordom, Sivesh Kamarajah, Niki Christou
Summary: In the clinical management of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, surgeons and oncologists categorize the metastasis into resectable and non-resectable groups to initiate tailored therapeutics. The combination of targeted therapies and biotherapies around these two entities is being actively explored to determine the ideal conditions for their application to improve patient survival and quality of life.
Review
Immunology
Jiqi Shan, Dong Han, Chunyi Shen, Qingyang Lei, Yi Zhang
Summary: Immunotherapy shows promise for colorectal cancer, but drug resistance remains a major obstacle to its effectiveness.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Anh Nguyen, Sahana Kumar, Ashish A. Kulkarni
Summary: Despite advancements in cancer immunotherapy, the heterogeneity in tumor response poses obstacles to successful treatments and accurate prognosis. Existing imaging techniques have limitations in early assessment of immune response. Engineered nanomaterials play a significant role in overcoming these challenges by improving drug delivery and dynamic imaging techniques.
Review
Oncology
Yifeng Zheng, Guoqiang Zhong, Chengcheng He, Mingsong Li
Summary: RNA splicing is crucial in gene expression and aberrant gene splicing is closely related to tumor development. Alternative splicing (AS) can promote tumor progression by generating oncogenic isoforms or reducing normal isoforms. AS is associated with various aspects of tumor biology and this article focuses on abnormal splicing events in colorectal cancer (CRC) to provide insights for CRC-targeted splicing therapy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Yaping Chen, Xiao Zheng, Changping Wu
Summary: Colorectal cancer has the second highest mortality rate globally, and various treatments have improved patient survival. The emergence of ICIs as a new immunotherapy option for advanced CRC is promising, highlighting the importance of understanding the relationship between tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy efficacy for selecting appropriate treatment strategies. This review outlines the latest research progress in the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy strategies for CRC.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Egle Katkeviciute, Larissa Hering, Ana Montalban-Arques, Philipp Busenhart, Marlene Schwarzfischer, Roberto Manzini, Javier Conde, Kirstin Atrott, Silvia Lang, Gerhard Rogler, Elisabeth Naschberger, Vera S. Schellerer, Michael Stuerzl, Andreas Rickenbacher, Matthias Turina, Achim Weber, Sebastian Leibl, Gabriel E. Leventhal, Mitchell Levesque, Onur Boyman, Michael Scharl, Marianne R. Spalinger
Summary: PTPN2 has emerged as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy, with increased expression correlating with disease progression and decreased immune responses in human colorectal carcinoma. Deletion of T cell-specific PTPN2 reduces tumor burden and enhances antitumor immunity in CRC models, suggesting it could be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Elisa Grassi, Jody Corbelli, Giorgio Papiani, Maria Aurelia Barbera, Federica Gazzaneo, Stefano Tamberi
Summary: 8-12% of patients with advanced colon rectal cancer present with BRAF alterations, particularly the V600E mutation, which is associated with poor prognosis. New therapeutic options, such as targeted therapy combinations, are emerging for this subgroup of patients. Treatment optimization for this subgroup is an important goal.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Javier Ros, Francesca Balconi, Iosune Baraibar, Nadia Saoudi Gonzalez, Francesc Salva, Josep Tabernero, Elena Elez
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the prognosis for several tumor types, but have shown limited success in treating metastatic colorectal tumors that are microsatellite stable (MSS). However, recent studies have demonstrated promising results with novel combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors in MSS colorectal cancer. This review examines the underlying biological factors contributing to the lack of response to immunotherapy in MSS colorectal cancer and explores potential strategies to overcome innate resistance mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Iosune Baraibar, Oriol Mirallas, Nadia Saoudi, Javier Ros, Francesc Salva, Josep Tabernero, Elena Elez
Summary: The review provides insights into the challenges of immunotherapy in MSS mCRC and highlights the need for developing predictive biomarkers and effective therapeutic combination strategies for this patient population.
Review
Oncology
Daniel Herchenhorn, Vinicius Freire, Thamires Oliveira, Juliana Tarouquella
Summary: A significant shift in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinomas has occurred in the last three years, with the introduction of new classes of drugs and the development of innovative treatment paradigms, including the use of checkpoint inhibitors and anti-FGFR, anti-nectin-4 inhibitors. Combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and using maintenance immunotherapy after chemotherapy induction, have shown promising results in improving the treatment outcomes of metastatic disease.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Sarah I. M. Sutherland, Xinsheng Ju, L. G. Horvath, Georgina J. Clark
Summary: Despite the success of using checkpoint inhibitors to reprim T cells to recognize tumors in certain malignancies, including melanoma, lung, and renal cell carcinoma, many tumors, such as prostate cancer, remain resistant to such treatment. DC-based immunotherapy, such as Sipuleucel-T, has shown improved overall survival in prostate cancer, but further research into DC vaccines has been limited. Understanding the immunosuppressive environment of prostate cancer and developing new vaccine strategies that can overcome this environment is essential for future success in immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Qianyu Wang, Xiaofei Shen, Gang Chen, Junfeng Du
Summary: Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy have shown promising results in improving prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, has also significantly enhanced patient outcomes. However, drug resistance remains a major challenge, with mechanisms including aberrant anti-tumor drug metabolism, transportation, target, cell death pathways, carcinogenic signals, compensation feedback loop signal pathways, and tumor immune microenvironment playing crucial roles. Further research into these mechanisms may lead to potential therapeutic interventions.
Review
Cell Biology
Heidi Braumueller, Bernhard Mauerer, Johanna Andris, Christopher Berlin, Thomas Wieder, Rebecca Kesselring
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common tumor with limited treatment options. It is a genetic disease with mutations in specific oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, as well as a multifactorial disease involving environmental factors. The cytokine networks between cancer cells, tumor microenvironment (TME), and microbiome are important in regulating tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance in CRC.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Karolina Kazmierczak-Siedlecka, Karolina Skonieczna-Zydecka, Theodore Hupp, Renata Duchnowska, Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska, Karol Polom
Summary: The gut microbiota has been extensively studied in relation to cancer development and treatment. Next-generation probiotics (NGPs) are being increasingly explored as therapeutic agents that can alter the gut microbiota and impact cancer development. This review focuses on three emerging NGPs – Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bacteroides fragilis – which have been found to have an impact on cancer incidence. These NGPs enhance gastrointestinal immunity, maintain intestinal barrier integrity, produce beneficial metabolites, act against pathogens, improve immunotherapy efficacy, and reduce complications associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While the safety of NGPs in cancer patients is still relatively unclear, recent data has shown that they are non-toxigenic. Overall, the use of NGPs shows promise in preventing cancer development and providing new therapeutic options for cancer patients.
