Article
Veterinary Sciences
Steven N. Winter, Megan S. Kirchgessner, Emmanuel A. Frimpong, Luis E. Escobar
Summary: The study focused on understanding how landscape conditions can predict and map CWD transmission risk in free-ranging populations, providing guidance for wildlife disease management. The research used diverse algorithms and model evaluation tools to assess predictions of disease transmission risk and found that vegetation phenology data can accurately predict CWD transmission risk.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva, Eduardo A. A. Oliveira, Wai W. W. Cheung, Robert R. H. Mak
Summary: Redox signaling alterations contribute to CKD-associated cachexia. This review summarizes studies on the redox pathophysiology in CKD-associated cachexia and muscle wasting, and discusses potential therapeutic approaches using antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules to restore redox homeostasis. Antioxidant molecules have been studied in experimental models and patients with CKD, and oxidative stress is increased in CKD due to factors such as uremic toxins, inflammation, and metabolic and hormone alterations. Rehabilitation and anti-inflammatory molecules have shown beneficial effects for CKD-associated cachexia, and experimental studies have shown the importance of oxidative stress through the use of antioxidant therapies. Further studies are needed for potential therapies involving antioxidant therapy.
Review
Transplantation
Stanislas Bataille, Philippe Chauveau, Denis Fouque, Michel Aparicio, Laetitia Koppe
Summary: The Mstn pathway is implicated in muscle wasting in CKD and may serve as a potential biomarker in dialysis patients. However, more research is needed to validate its application in this field.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Scott Napper, Hermann M. Schatzl
Summary: Prion diseases are a class of infectious diseases caused by misfolded cellular prion proteins (PrPC), which propagate and result in fatal neurodegenerative disorders. Among them, chronic wasting disease (CWD) is considered the most significant threat due to its geographical spread, environmental persistence, uptake into plants, unpredictable evolution, and potential zoonotic transmission. The development of an effective CWD vaccine is challenging but recent progress in antigen selection, formulation, and oral delivery strategies has shown promising results. This review highlights these strategies to accelerate the development and evaluation of candidate CWD vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Immaculata Arifin, Samia Hannaoui, Sheng Chun Chang, Simrika Thapa, Hermann M. Schatzl, Sabine Gilch
Summary: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease found in both free-ranging and farmed cervids, with susceptibility governed by various factors, including PrP polymorphisms. While most polymorphisms reduce susceptibility to CWD, there have been no reports of cervid PrP alleles providing absolute resistance to CWD. Studies have focused on understanding the role of animal genetics in predicting, containing, or preventing transmission of CWD in endemic areas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katarzyna Romejko, Aleksandra Rymarz, Hanna Sadownik, Stanislaw Niemczyk
Summary: Reduced testosterone concentration is a major endocrine disorder in chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting various aspects of the body, including reproductive processes, bone and muscle mass, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity. In CKD, hypogonadism leads to infertility, loss of muscle mass, disorders in bone mineralization, protein energy wasting, and progression of atherosclerosis. Testosterone supplementation can alleviate these issues and improve quality of life.
Article
Biology
Allen Herbst, Serene Wohlgemuth, Jing Yang, Andrew R. Castle, Diana Martinez Moreno, Alicia Otero, Judd M. Aiken, David Westaway, Debbie McKenzie
Summary: This study investigated the potential transmission of chronic wasting disease to beavers, finding that beavers are susceptible to various types of prion diseases, including chronic wasting disease. The beaver prion protein was found to be a good substrate for sustaining prion replication, suggesting that beavers are at risk for pathogen transfer and spillover of CWD.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Alicia Otero, Camilo Duque Velasquez, Judd Aiken, Debbie McKenzie
Summary: The spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) has affected cervid populations in North America over the past six decades, and poses a threat to wild and captive cervids on other continents as well. The complexity of CWD hot zones, influenced by cervid PRNP genetics, infection biology, prion strain diversity, and environmental persistence, hinders efforts to eradicate the disease. Studying various aspects of CWD transmission, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and interspecies infection assessment could help identify control points to reduce exposure for humans and livestock, and limit CWD transmission among cervids.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Will Rogers, Ellen E. Brandell, Paul C. Cross
Summary: Sex-based differences can influence disease prevalence, and the higher prevalence in one gender may be due to exposure rather than transmission. In the case of chronic wasting disease (CWD), simulations showed that different transmission scenarios can result in higher male prevalence. Harvest-based management strategies targeting the gender responsible for disease transmission are effective in controlling CWD epidemics.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Angelo Esposito, Claudio Andrea Manzari, Alessandro Pilloni, Antonio Davide Polosa
Summary: Ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions are ideal for searching for exotic hadrons, focusing on compact tetraquark model states. The X(6900) is a promising candidate, with estimated production cross sections depending on its quantum numbers. The completion of a flavor-spin multiplet would strongly support the compact tetraquark model.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qi Yuan, Gage Rowden, Tiffany M. Wolf, Marc D. Schwabenlander, Peter A. Larsen, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Jason C. Bartz
Summary: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been found in the United States, Canada, and Scandinavia. The association of CWD prions with environmental materials may increase disease transmission, highlighting the need for methods to identify and quantify CWD prions in the environment. In this study, a new method for extracting prions from different surfaces and using real-time quake-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) analysis for detection was developed, providing a highly sensitive means for prion detection across various settings.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Louise Hosking, Astrid Yeo, Joshua Hoffman, Mathias Chiano, Dana Fraser, Soumitra Ghosh, David A. Lipson, Neil Martin, Lynn D. Condreay, Charles Cox, Pamela St Jean
Summary: This study demonstrated that common genetic variants do not play major roles in AECOPD disease nor predict response to triple therapy or its components in moderate to very severe COPD patients.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Michael D. D. Samuel
Summary: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurological disease of cervids caused by a misfolded protein with no vaccines or other cures to prevent infection and death. It has been recognized as one of the 10 most important challenges facing wildlife management. This study evaluates the temporal and spatial patterns of CWD prevalence in southern Wisconsin white-tailed deer during the past 20 years and suggests that the disease spreads rapidly and has significant population impacts.
Article
Microbiology
Alsu Kuznetsova, Debbie McKenzie, Bjornar Ytrehus, Kjersti Selstad Utaaker, Judd M. M. Aiken
Summary: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that negatively affects cervids. This study investigates the migration pathways of the infectious prion protein (PrPCWD) in soil profiles. Soil minerals and diverse soils were compared, and it was found that PrPCWD migrates differently in different soil types. The prevalence of clay minerals in the soil affects the binding ability of prions, which could impact the environmental transmission of CWD.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Masatsugu Okamura, Tatsuro Inoue, Masato Ogawa, Kengo Shirado, Nobuyuki Shirai, Takuma Yagi, Ryo Momosaki, Yoji Kokura
Summary: Rehabilitation nutrition is a proposed strategy to improve nutritional status and physical function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effectiveness of combined nutrition and exercise interventions for cachexia and protein-energy wasting (PEW) in CKD patients is still unclear. As more scientific evidence accumulates, rehabilitation nutrition addressing the nutritional problems associated with CKD is expected to become more widespread.
