Article
Immunology
Raj S. Patel, Babita Agrawal
Summary: Investigating a highly cross-protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial. The study found that immunization with lipopeptides derived from conserved epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 led to enhanced immune responses and neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants. These findings support the development of a cross-protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Savannah E. Butler, Andrew R. Crowley, Harini Natarajan, Shiwei Xu, Joshua A. Weiner, Carly A. Bobak, Daniel E. Mattox, Jiwon Lee, Wendy Wieland-Alter, Ruth Connor, Peter F. Wright, Margaret E. Ackerman
Summary: Understanding humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for vaccine development and antibody-based interventions. Antibody responses in convalescent individuals varied depending on disease severity, with systemic and mucosal responses showing different characteristics. Neutralization and antibody-mediated effector functions in serum correlated with IgG response magnitude, while nasal neutralization was associated with IgA response, highlighting the importance of assessing mucosal immunity in larger natural infection cohorts.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jernej Pusnik, Werner O. Monzon-Posadas, Jasmin Zorn, Kathrin Peters, Maximilian Baum, Hannah Proksch, Celina Beta Schlueter, Galit Alter, Tanja Menting, Hendrik Streeck
Summary: According to the research data, receiving two doses of mRNA vaccine along with a booster dose, recovering from a breakthrough infection, or both, provides better B cell immunity. Individuals who received three doses of the vaccine and experienced breakthrough infections with the omicron variant showed a particularly strong B cell response. Additional antigen exposure did not significantly affect the T cell response after two doses of the vaccine. Individuals with hybrid immunity exhibited better correlated adaptive immune responses.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Peter F. Wright, Alejandra C. Prevost-Reilly, Harini Natarajan, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Ruth Connor, Wendy F. Wieland-Alter, Anna S. Miele, Joshua A. Weiner, Robert D. Nerenz, Margaret E. Ackerman
Summary: Respiratory/mucosal and serum/systemic antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are distinct host defense mechanisms influenced by age, severity of illness, and immunoglobulin class. Stimulation of respiratory immunity is crucial for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines aiming to limit transmission.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ewa Kwiatkowska, Krzysztof Safranow, Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko, Paulina Roszkowska, Violetta Dziedziejko, Marek Myslak, Jacek Rozanski, Kazimierz Ciechanowski, Tomasz Stompor, Jaroslaw Przybycinski, Piotr Wisniewski, Norbert Kwella, Sebastian Kwiatkowski, Tomasz Prystacki, Wojciech Marcinkowski, Leszek Domanski
Summary: For patients with CKD, two doses of mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech's Comirnaty COVID-19 Vaccine and Moderna's mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine) can effectively induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. Important factors influencing the antibody levels after vaccination include pre-vaccination history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil absolute count, and hemoglobin level. Patients with a pre-vaccination history of SARS-CoV-2 infection have higher cellular immunity. Cellular immunity depends on the albumin level.
Article
Microbiology
Jingen Zhu, Swati Jain, Jian Sha, Himanshu Batra, Neeti Ananthaswamy, Paul B. Kilgore, Emily K. Hendrix, Yashoda M. Hosakote, Xiaorong Wu, Juan P. Olano, Adeyemi Kayode, Cristi L. Galindo, Simran Banga, Aleksandra Drelich, Vivian Tat, Chien-Te K. Tseng, Ashok K. Chopra, Venigalla B. Rao
Summary: This study reports the development of a needle-free, bacteriophage T4-based mucosal vaccine that induces strong mucosal immunity, robust humoral and cellular immune responses, and provides complete protection against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Article
Immunology
Anna Sabrina Kuechler, Sandra Weinhold, Fritz Boege, Ortwin Adams, Lisa Mueller, Florian Babor, Sabrina B. Bennstein, T-X Uyen Pham, Maryam Hejazi, Sarah B. Reusing, Derik Hermsen, Markus Uhrberg, Karin Schulze-Bosse
Summary: This study describes a diagnostic procedure for scheduling (re-)vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 based on individual humoral immunization status. The researchers monitored individuals before, during, and six months after vaccination with the Spikevax vaccine. The study found that measuring serum-based SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels could potentially support personalized vaccination schedules.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nan Qiao, Hairui Wang, Yanhua Xu, Yu Chang, Mingxin Xie, Shuting Bai, Chunting He, Ming Qin, Xiaofang Zhong, Min Jiang, Zhaofei Guo, Guangsheng Du, Zhirong Zhang, Yuandong Zhang, Xun Sun
Summary: Currently, widely used aluminum adjuvants have limited ability to induce effective Th1 type immune responses. However, evidence indicates that manganese could potentially serve as a metal adjuvant by activating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, researchers developed a manganese and aluminum dual-adjuvant antigen co-delivery system to improve immune responses of sub-unit vaccines. The engineered nanovaccine exhibited promising results in promoting dendritic cell maturation and inducing humoral and cellular immune responses by activating the cGAS-STING pathway.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jingxia Wang, Xinjia Mai, Yu He, Chenxi Zhu, Dapeng Zhou
Summary: Recombinant trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with PIKA (polyI:C) adjuvant induces strong and long-lasting neutralizing antibodies that protect against various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The immune response includes dominant IgG1 subclass antibodies with high core fucosylation on Spike protein. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of the PIKA (polyI:C) adjuvant is due to a specific Th1-biased, IgG1-dominant antibody response, and that core-fucosylation of IgG1 Fc region induced by the vaccine may reduce severe COVID-19 disease.
Article
Immunology
Barbara Poniedzialek, Ewelina Hallmann, Dominika Sikora, Karol Szymanski, Katarzyna Kondratiuk, Jakub Zurawski, Piotr Rzymski, Lidia Brydak
Summary: Evidence suggests that vaccination against seasonal influenza can enhance innate immune responses to COVID-19 and reduce disease severity. This study aimed to compare humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 in non-hospitalized, COVID-19 unvaccinated patients and mild COVID-19 convalescent patients who were and were not vaccinated against influenza. The results showed that influenza-vaccinated patients had higher levels of antibodies against nucleocapsid and receptor binding domain compared to non-vaccinated patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zeli Zhang, Jose Mateus, Camila H. Coelho, Jennifer M. Dan, Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher, Rosa Isela Galvez, Fernanda H. Cortes, Alba Grifoni, Alison Tarke, James Chang, E. Alexandar Escarrega, Christina Kim, Benjamin Goodwin, Nathaniel Bloom, April Frazier, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Shane Crotty
Summary: Multiple COVID-19 vaccines have successfully protected against symptomatic cases and deaths. Comparisons of T cell, B cell, and antibody responses to different vaccines can provide insights into protective immunity against COVID-19, particularly immune memory. mRNA vaccines and Ad26.COV2.S induced strong T cell responses, while mRNA vaccines showed substantial declines in antibodies.
Article
Immunology
Jason D. Goldman, Kai Wang, Katharina Roltgen, Sandra C. A. Nielsen, Jared C. Roach, Samia N. Naccache, Fan Yang, Oliver F. Wirz, Kathryn E. Yost, Ji-Yeun Lee, Kelly Chun, Terri Wrin, Christos J. Petropoulos, Inyoul Lee, Shannon Fallen, Paula M. Manner, Julie A. Wallick, Heather A. Algren, Kim M. Murray, Jennifer Hadlock, Daniel Chen, Chengzhen L. Dai, Dan Yuan, Yapeng Su, Joshua Jeharajah, William R. Berrington, George P. Pappas, Sonam T. Nyatsatsang, Alexander L. Greninger, Ansuman T. Satpathy, John S. Pauk, Scott D. Boyd, James R. Heath
Summary: Recovery from COVID-19 does not guarantee immunity, as reinfection with a different strain can occur. In this study, we present a case of reinfection with a variant strain carrying the D614G mutation. By analyzing antibodies, B cells, and T cells, we provide evidence of adaptive immunity during reinfection. Our findings have implications for vaccine programs and establishing benchmarks for protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.
Article
Immunology
Ning Yang, Aitor Garcia, Cindy Meyer, Thomas Tuschl, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D. Wolchok, Liang Deng
Summary: Protein or peptide-based subunit vaccines have shown promise in combating cancer or COVID-19. However, weak immune responses can be a concern. This study demonstrates that heat-inactivated MVA can serve as a potent vaccine adjuvant, enhancing T cell responses and antibody production.
Article
Immunology
Mariapia Guerrieri, Beatrice Francavilla, Denise Fiorelli, Marzia Nuccetelli, Francesco Maria Passali, Luca Coppeta, Giuseppina Somma, Sergio Bernardini, Andrea Magrini, Stefano Di Girolamo
Summary: The study found that mRNA COVID-19 vaccine induces specific immune responses in nasal and salivary secretions against SARS-CoV-2, with stronger effects observed after the second dose of the vaccine. This suggests that mucosal antibody assays could potentially be used for non-invasive monitoring of vaccine-induced protection against viral infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brock Kingstad-Bakke, Woojong Lee, Shaswath S. Chandrasekar, David J. Gasper, Cristhian Salas-Quinchucua, Thomas Cleven, Jeremy A. Sullivan, Adel Talaat, Jorge E. Osorio, M. Suresh
Summary: The study found that mucosal or parenteral immunization effectively controlled the virus and protected the lungs from damage with or without neutralizing antibodies. The protection provided by mucosal memory CD8 T cells was largely redundant in the presence of neutralizing antibodies, but unhelped mucosal memory CD8 T cells provided no protection against the homologous SARS-CoV-2 without CD4 T cells and neutralizing antibodies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
