Article
Cell Biology
Rebecca A. Buchwalter, Sarah C. Ogden, Sara B. York, Li Sun, Chunfeng Zheng, Christy Hammack, Yichen Cheng, Jieyan V. Chen, Allaura S. Cone, David G. Meckes, Hengli Tang, Timothy L. Megraw
Summary: The study shows that a toroidal-shaped viroplasm forms upon ZIKV infection, with MTs organized at the viroplasm core and surrounding the viroplasm. MTs are necessary for viroplasm organization and impact infectious virus production significantly. The centrosome and the Golgi MTOC are closely associated with the viroplasm, with the centrosome coordinating the organization of the ZIKV viroplasm toroidal structure.
Article
Biology
Robert Becker, Silvia Vergarajauregui, Florian Billing, Maria Sharkova, Eleonora Lippolis, Kamel Mamchaoui, Fulvia Ferrazzi, Felix B. Engel
Summary: This study identified that the transcription factor myogenin is necessary for the localization of MTOC proteins to the nuclear envelope in murine myoblasts, and is also sufficient for NE-MTOC formation. The induction of AKAP6 expression was found to be a central mechanism for myogenin-mediated NE-MTOC formation, with myogenin preferentially inducing the transcription of muscle- and NE-MTOC-specific isoforms of Akap6 and Syne1. Overexpression of AKAP6 beta and nesprin-1 alpha can recruit endogenous MTOC proteins to the nuclear envelope in myoblasts in the absence of myogenin.
Article
Cell Biology
Valentin Pitzen, Sophia Sander, Otto Baumann, Ralph Graef, Irene Meyer
Summary: This study focused on the previously uncharacterized Cep192 protein in the Dictyostelium centrosome, utilizing superresolution expansion microscopy (ExM) and improved proximity-dependent biotin identification assay (BioID) techniques. The research identified various interaction partners of Cep192 and demonstrated its key role in recruiting corona components during centrosome biogenesis and maintaining a stable corona structure.
Review
Cell Biology
Chithran Vineethakumari, Jens Luders
Summary: Microtubules, composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin, are dynamic polymers that play essential roles in intracellular transport and chromosome segregation. Microtubule arrays are generated with the help of microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), which combine nucleation and anchoring activities. While nucleation is mediated by the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma TuRC), the molecules and mechanisms involved in microtubule anchoring are less well characterized. This article discusses the challenges and consequences of defective microtubule anchoring.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neil H. J. Cunningham, Imene B. Bouhlel, Paul T. Conduit
Summary: Centrosomes play a crucial role in organizing microtubules in animal cells. The process of centriole duplication, which is important for maintaining centrosome numbers, is still not fully understood. This study suggests that non-centrosomal cues influence the establishment of a single duplication site, as daughter centrioles preferentially assemble on the side of the mother centriole facing the nuclear envelope in Drosophila embryos.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shohei Yamamoto, Jeremie Gaillard, Benoit Vianay, Christophe Guerin, Magali Orhant-Prioux, Laurent Blanchoin, Manuel Thery
Summary: Cell polarity is determined by the position of the centrosome, and it has been found that actin networks play a role in regulating this process. Different architectures of actin networks can either enforce or disrupt the centering of the centrosome depending on their isotropy.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John M. Ryniawec, Gregory C. Rogers
Summary: Centrosome instability is closely associated with diseases such as cancer, highlighting the importance of understanding the wide range of centrosome functions for inspiring new discoveries.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Elham Alzyoud, Viktor Vedelek, Zsuzsanna Rethi-Nagy, Zoltan Lipinszki, Rita Sinka
Summary: Microtubule nucleation in eukaryotes is primarily promoted by gamma-tubulin and the evolutionary conserved protein complex, gamma-Tubulin Ring Complex (gamma-TuRC). A tissue-specific gamma-TuRC has been identified in Drosophila, essential for male fertility. Testis-specific gene products, including t-gamma-TuRC, orchestrate the composition of gamma-TuRC during spermatogenesis and the formation of different post-meiotic microtubule organizing centers.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ghislain Gillard, Gemma Girdler, Katja Roper
Summary: This study reveals the mechanism by which non-centrosomal microtubule arrays are crucial for tube formation in Drosophila salivary glands, involving Katanin-mediated release of microtubules, Patronin recruitment, and array formation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dae-Wook Yang, Kwang-Wook Choi
Summary: The study reveals the crucial roles of Patronin and Klp10A in regulating cell survival and organ size in Drosophila. Patronin inhibits the severing function of Spas at microtubule minus ends, and interacts with Diap1 and Hippo pathway genes. Overexpression of Klp10A reduces organ size, which can be partially suppressed by regulation of Diap1 or Hippo pathway genes.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jamuna S. Sreeja, Athira Jyothy, Rohith Kumar Nellikka, Sayan Ghorai, Paul Ann Riya, Jackson James, Suparna Sengupta
Summary: This study reveals that alpha-fodrin is an important protein for recruiting gamma-tubulin to the centrosome, thereby regulating the nucleation ability of microtubules. By interacting with specific pericentriolar matrix proteins, alpha-fodrin restricts microtubule formation to the centrosome for maximum efficiency.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ariana D. Sanchez, Tess C. Branon, Lauren E. Cote, Alexandros Papagiannakis, Xing Liang, Melissa A. Pickett, Kang Shen, Christine Jacobs-Wagner, Alice Y. Ting, Jessica L. Feldman
Summary: Microtubules are essential for cell transport, polarity, and division, and their organization is coordinated by microtubule-organizing centers. Non-centrosomal MTOCs like VAB-10B and WDR-62 play crucial roles in regulating microtubules and protein localization in cells. Understanding the functions of these non-centrosomal components expands our knowledge of cell biology and disease proteins.
Article
Pathology
Shin-ichi Murata, Masayo Kuroda, Naomi Kawamura, Kenji Warigaya, Fidele Yambayamba Musangile, Ibu Matsuzaki, Fumiyoshi Kojima
Summary: This study investigated the MTOC-mediated nuclear polarity in UC subtypes and found that numerical and positional aberrations of MTOC were strongly correlated with cellular and structural atypia as well as abnormal cell proliferation in UC cases.
Article
Cell Biology
Daniela Londono-Vasquez, Katherine Rodriguez-Lukey, Susanta K. Behura, Ahmed Z. Balboula
Summary: Through studying mouse oocytes, researchers discovered a subset of microtubule organizing centers called mcMTOCs that regulate the positioning of the spindle and faithful chromosome segregation during meiosis I. They found that mcMTOCs work in conjunction with F-actin to balance the forces exerted on the spindle and ensure its central anchoring and timely migration.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nina Schweizer, Laurence Haren, Ilaria Dutto, Ricardo Viais, Cristina Lacasa, Andreas Merdes, Jens Luders
Summary: The study reveals that gamma TuRC in the centriole lumen plays an important role in centriole integrity and cilium assembly, and is linked to human disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shohreh Teimuri, Aref Hosseini, Ahmad Rezaenasab, Kamran Ghaedi, Elahe Ghoveud, Masoud Etemadifar, Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani, Timothy L. Megraw
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Tian Zhou, Yiming Zheng, Li Sun, Smaranda Ruxandra Badea, Yuanhu Jin, Yang Liu, Alyssa J. Rolfe, Haitao Sun, Xi Wang, Zhijian Cheng, Zhaoshuai Huang, Na Zhao, Xin Sun, Jinhua Li, Jianqing Fan, Choogon Lee, Timothy L. Megraw, Wutian Wu, Guixue Wang, Yi Ren
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Cell Biology
Aref Hosseini, Shohreh Teimuri, Marzieh Ehsani, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Rasa, Masoud Etemadifar, Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani, Timothy L. Megraw, Kamran Ghaedi
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Elahe Ghoveud, Shohreh Teimuri, Jafar Vatandoost, Aref Hosseini, Kamran Ghaedi, Masood Etemadifar, Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani, Timothy L. Megraw
NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Yiming Zheng, Rebecca A. Buchwalter, Chunfeng Zheng, Elise M. Wight, Jieyan V. Chen, Timothy L. Megraw
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jayachandran Gopalakrishnan, Vito Mennella, Stephanie Blachon, Bo Zhai, Andrew H. Smith, Timothy L. Megraw, Daniela Nicastro, Steven P. Gygi, David A. Agard, Tomer Avidor-Reiss
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Farzaneh Rabiee, Liana Lachinani, Sarvenaz Ghaedi, Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani, Timothy L. Megraw, Kamran Ghaedi
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2020)
Review
Cell Biology
Alain Debec, Benjamin Loppin, Chunfeng Zheng, Xiuwen Liu, Timothy L. Megraw
Article
Cell Biology
Masoud Baghi, Elaheh Yadegari, Mahsa Rostamian Delavar, Maryam Peymani, Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi, Mehri Salari, Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani, Timothy L. Megraw, Kamran Ghaedi
Summary: PGC-1 alpha/FNDC5/BDNF pathway plays a critical role in neurodegeneration. Dysregulation of miRNA is found to be decisive in PD. MiR-193b may function in PD development by regulating PGC-1 alpha/FNDC5/BDNF pathway.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Iman Niktab, Maryam Haghparast, Mohammad-Hossein Beigi, Timothy L. Megraw, Amirkianoosh Kiani, Kamran Ghaedi
Summary: siRNAs, as a potential therapeutic co-therapy for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, have shown high specificity and inhibitory effects through the design and evaluation targeting COVID-19 viral mRNAs.
Article
Cell Biology
Rebecca A. Buchwalter, Sarah C. Ogden, Sara B. York, Li Sun, Chunfeng Zheng, Christy Hammack, Yichen Cheng, Jieyan V. Chen, Allaura S. Cone, David G. Meckes, Hengli Tang, Timothy L. Megraw
Summary: The study shows that a toroidal-shaped viroplasm forms upon ZIKV infection, with MTs organized at the viroplasm core and surrounding the viroplasm. MTs are necessary for viroplasm organization and impact infectious virus production significantly. The centrosome and the Golgi MTOC are closely associated with the viroplasm, with the centrosome coordinating the organization of the ZIKV viroplasm toroidal structure.
Article
Cell Biology
Marco Gottardo, Maria Giovanna Riparbelli, Giuliano Callaini, Timothy L. Megraw
Summary: The model organism Drosophila melanogaster has short cilia, while the butterfly Pieris brassicae has exceptionally long cilia. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that P. brassicae spermatocytes have features such as intraflagellar transport (IFT) structures and motile cilia.