Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jens Juul Holst
Summary: Due to differential processing of proglucagon, various peptide products are released from pancreatic alpha cells and intestinal L-cells. Some of these products, such as glucagon, oxyntomodulin, and GLP-1, inhibit food intake. However, the secretion of these L-cell products is generally impaired in obesity, raising questions about their role in its development.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lotte Simonsen, Jesper Lau, Thomas Kruse, Tingqing Guo, Jim McGuire, Jacob Fuglsbjerg Jeppesen, Kristoffer Niss, Per Sauerberg, Kirsten Raun, Charlotta Dornonville de la Cour
Summary: Combining GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonism for weight loss and metabolic control has received attention, but reproducing results in humans is difficult. Pre-clinical evaluation of co-agonists showed species differences and challenges in predicting optimal receptor balance in humans. The pharmacodynamic effects of the co-agonists varied depending on species, compound exposure, and study length, complicating the identification of an optimal clinical candidate and explaining the low number of clinical successes for this dual agonism.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nikolaos Perakakis, Bhanu Kalra, Angeliki M. Angelidi, Ajay Kumar, Anna Gavrieli, Mary Yannakoulia, Christos S. Mantzoros
Summary: This study developed a novel ELISA assay for accurate measurement of six PGDPs. A randomized controlled trial demonstrated the utility of these assays and suggested that coffee consumption may affect levels of gut-secreted PGDPs and pancreas-secreted PGDPs.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ryan A. Lafferty, Finbarr P. M. O'Harte, Nigel Irwin, Victor A. Gault, Peter R. Flatt
Summary: Originally discovered as an impurity in insulin preparations, glucagon has evolved significantly in our understanding over the years. The family of PGDP peptides, including GLP-1, GLP-2, OXM, glicentin, and GRPP, exert unique physiological effects on metabolism and energy regulation, with some of them being utilized as long-acting, enzymatically resistant analogues for various pathologies. The therapeutic applications of these peptides have expanded to include rescue of hypoglycemia, management of short bowel syndrome, and treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, with newer benefits being uncovered in areas such as cardioprotection, bone health, and cognitive function.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tricia M. -M. Tan, James Minnion, Bernard Khoo, Laura-Jayne Ball, Reshma Malviya, Emily Day, Francesca Fiorentino, Charlie Brindley, Jim Bush, Stephen R. Bloom
Summary: The Phase 1 trial of the extended-release peptide YY analogue, Y14, demonstrated significant weight loss and reduced food intake, with good safety and tolerability profile, supporting its continued development as a novel treatment for obesity.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Renata Spezani, Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
Summary: The therapeutic arsenal for treating type 2 diabetes has recently been enriched with the inclusion of GLP-1 receptor agonists, which secondarily reduce appetite, decrease gastric emptying, and reduce body weight. New formulations with fewer adverse effects and extended action periods have improved treatment acceptance and adherence. The pharmaceutical industry's efforts to produce more powerful molecules with fewer side effects will soon lead to the introduction of new drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nikolaos Perakakis, Alexander Kokkinos, Angeliki M. Angelidi, Dimitrios Tsilingiris, Anna Gavrieli, Maria Yannakoulia, Nicholas Tentolouris, Christos S. Mantzoros
Summary: This study investigates the concentration changes of PGDPs after oral or intravenous intake of different nutrients and finds that their levels are regulated by body weight, administration route, and nutrient type. Obese individuals have increased levels of PGDPs before and after meals, which remain elevated after a mixed meal test.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Konstantinos Stefanakis, Alexander Kokkinos, Georgia Argyrakopoulou, Sofia K. Konstantinidou, Stamatia Simati, Matina Kouvari, Ajay Kumar, Bhanu Kalra, Melina Kumar, Nikolaos Bontozoglou, Konstantina Kyriakopoulou, Christos S. Mantzoros
Summary: The study investigated the changes in circulating levels of proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs) in individuals with overweight or obesity receiving liraglutide or naltrexone/bupropion treatment. Both medications improved body weight, composition, metabolism, and liver function. Liraglutide upregulated total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels, while naltrexone/bupropion produced a weight-independent increase in proglucagon levels and decreases in GLP-2, glucagon, and the major proglucagon fragment. The changes in PGDP levels were associated with improvements in metabolism.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Eva Guerrero-Hreins, Anthony P. Goldstone, Robyn M. Brown, Priya Sumithran
Summary: Stress and low mood can trigger compulsive overeating, leading to negative physical and mental health consequences. The gut hormone GLP-1 may have potential therapeutic benefits for stress-induced compulsive overeating, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects on stress regulation and emotion.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sakina H. Bharmal, Juyeon Ko, Wandia Kimita, Jaelim Cho, Maxim S. Petrov
Summary: The factors associated with the circulating levels of oxyntomodulin differ between healthy individuals and individuals after an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP). Peptide YY and cholecystokinin are the most prominent factors associated with oxyntomodulin. These insights will enable the determination of populations that benefit from oxyntomodulin therapeutics in the future.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Patricia L. Brubaker
Summary: This review summarizes what is known and what remains to be elucidated about the intestinal L cell and its secreted peptides, GLP-1 and GLP-2, after 50 years of research. It discusses the complex relationships of the L cell with various regulators and the temporal patterns of secretion.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wang Chen, Gong Binbin, Sun Lidan, Zhou Qiang, Han Jing
Summary: PYY is a gastrointestinal hormone with potential therapeutic effects for diabetes and weight management. However, its clinical application is limited due to rapid clearance and enzyme degradation. Recent studies have focused on enhancing the stability and biological activity of PYY through structural modifications.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mariana Gallo, Domitilla Vanni, Simone Esposito, Nadine Alaimo, Federica Orvieto, Federica Rulli, Antonino Missineo, Fulvia Caretti, Fabio Bonelli, Maria Veneziano, Laura Orsatti, Edith Monteagudo
Summary: This study investigated the oligomerization propensity and albumin interaction of different analogs of the lipidated GLP-1 agonists liraglutide and semaglutide using NMR and SPR spectroscopy. The catabolism of these peptides in subcutaneous tissue was also assessed in vitro. The results showed that oligomerization provided a shielding effect against catabolism, but binding to albumin only offered limited protection in the subcutaneous compartment.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Muthuswamy Karthi, Shanmugamprema Deepankumar, Ponnusamy Vinithra, Subramanian Gowtham, Krishnan Vasanth, Palanivelu Praveen Raj, Rajasekaran Senthilkumar, Subramaniam Selvakumar
Summary: This study identified an association between SNP in the CD36 gene and factors such as oral fat detection threshold, peptide-YY levels, food choice, and lipid profiles in obese individuals. Obese individuals had significantly lower levels of peptide YY in saliva compared to non-obese individuals.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Neil Tanday, Peter R. Flatt, Nigel Irwin
Summary: GLP-1, as an important incretin hormone, has made significant progress in drug development and clinical application, offering a wide range of metabolic benefits. With the clinical approval and continuous evolution of GLP-1 receptor ligands, it is expected that GLP-1 has great potential in treating diseases beyond diabetes and obesity.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Saira Hameed, Victoria Salem, Haya Alessimii, Samantha Scholtz, Owais Dar, Alexander D. Miras, Karim Meeran, Stephen R. Bloom, Ahmed R. Ahmed, Sanjay Purkayastha, Harvinder Chahal, Tricia Tan
Summary: The study demonstrates that the Imperial Satiety Protocol (I-SatPro) is an effective approach to weight loss, achieving significant weight reduction at 30 and 52 weeks, while also improving physiological markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ali Abbara, Maya Al-Memar, Maria Phylactou, Elisabeth Daniels, Bijal Patel, Pei C. Eng, Rans Nadir, Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya, Sophie A. Clarke, Edouard G. Mills, Tia Hunjan, Ewa Pacuszka, Lisa Yang, Paul Bech, Tricia Tan, Alexander N. Comninos, Tom W. Kelsey, Christopher Kyriacou, Hanine Fourie, Tom Bourne, Waljit S. Dhillo
Summary: Our study aimed to evaluate the changes in circulating kisspeptin levels in women with antenatal complications. The results showed that third-trimester kisspeptin levels were higher in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) but lower in those with fetal growth restriction (FGR). We found that the odds of HDP increased by 30% and the odds of FGR decreased by 28% for every 1 nmol/L increase in plasma kisspeptin.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ben Jones, Caroline Sands, Kleopatra Alexiadou, James Minnion, George Tharakan, Preeshila Behary, Ahmed R. Ahmed, Sanjay Purkayastha, Matthew R. Lewis, Stephen Bloom, Jia Li, Tricia M. Tan
Summary: The metabolic effects of a combined infusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin (OXM), and peptideYY (PYY) (tripeptide GOP) were compared to a placebo infusion, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, and a very low-calorie diet (VLCD). The results showed that, compared to VLCD and RYGB, the tripeptide GOP had minimal effects on metabolites.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Tricia M-M Tan, Bernard Khoo
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sophie T. Williams, Prodromos Chatzikyriakou, Paul V. Carroll, Barbara M. McGowan, Anand Velusamy, Gemma White, Rupert Obholzer, Scott Akker, Nicola Tufton, Ruth T. Casey, Eamonn R. Maher, Soo-Mi Park, Mary Porteous, Rebecca Dyer, Tricia Tan, Florian Wernig, Angela F. Brady, Monika Kosicka-Slawinska, Benjamin C. Whitelaw, Huw Dorkins, Fiona Lalloo, Paul Brennan, Joseph Carlow, Richard Martin, Anna L. Mitchell, Rachel Harrison, Lara Hawkes, John Newell-Price, Alan Kelsall, Rebecca Igbokwe, Julian Adlard, Schaida Schirwani, Rosemarie Davidson, Patrick J. Morrison, Teng-Teng Chung, Christopher Bowles, Louise Izatt
Summary: This study presents the largest cohort of 91 SDHC patients worldwide, showing that most patients primarily develop head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGL) disease, with a smaller proportion having extra-adrenal paraganglioma (EAPGL) and phaeochromocytomas (PCC), along with an increased risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) and renal cell cancers (RCC). About one fifth of the patients develop malignant disease, necessitating comprehensive lifelong tumor screening and surveillance.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sophie A. Clarke, Maria Phylactou, Bijal Patel, Edouard G. Mills, Beatrice Muzi, Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya, Bernard Khoo, Karim Meeran, Alexander N. Comninos, Ali Abbara, Tricia Tan, Nick Oliver, Waljit S. Dhillo
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Goncalo D. S. Correia, Panteleimon G. Takis, Caroline J. Sands, Anna M. Kowalka, Tricia Tan, Lance Turtle, Antonia Ho, Malcolm G. Semple, Peter J. M. Openshaw, J. Kenneth Baillie, Zoltan Takats, Matthew R. Lewis
Summary: The study highlights proteinuria as a common yet overlooked source of bias in H-1 NMR metabolic profiling studies, which can be effectively mitigated using SMolESY or other macromolecular signal suppression methods before estimation of normalization coefficients.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pei Chia Eng, Walter Distaso, Hashmi Durreshahwar, Yusuf Shaikhali, Divani Narendranathan, Rebecca Cassin-Scott, Shivani Misra, Neil E. Hill, George Tharakan, Nick S. Oliver, Tricia M. Tan, Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya, Victoria Salem
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Helen Hanson, Miranda Durkie, Fiona Lalloo, Louise Izatt, Terri P. McVeigh, Jackie A. Cook, Carole Brewer, James Drummond, Samantha Butler, Treena Cranston, Ruth Casey, Tricia Tan, Daniel Morganstein, Diana M. Eccles, Marc Tischkowitz, Clare Turnbull, Emma Roisin Woodward, Eamonn R. Maher
Summary: SDHA PGV carriers are common in patients with paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma, and the variant often presents as sporadic tumors in patients without family history. Studies show that the penetrance of SDHA-associated tumors is low, which poses challenges for surveillance and management.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tricia M-M Tan, Bernard Khoo
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sophie A. Clarke, Maria Phylactou, Bijal Patel, Edouard G. Mills, Beatrice Muzi, Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya, Sirazum Choudhury, Bernard Khoo, Karim Meeran, Alexander N. Comninos, Ali Abbara, Tricia Tan, Waljit S. Dhillo
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emma Rose McGlone, T. Bertie Ansell, Cecilia Dunsterville, Wanling Song, David Carling, Alejandra Tomas, Stephen R. Bloom, Mark S. P. Sansom, Tricia Tan, Ben Jones
Summary: The study found that cellular cholesterol levels influence the signaling and glucose metabolism of glucagon receptors, and the use of simvastatin in a high cholesterol environment can improve this situation.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vijay Ramadoss, Katharine Lazarus, Andrew Toby Prevost, Tricia Tan, Karim Meeran, Sirazum Choudhury
Summary: Afternoon cortisol >234 nmol/L on Abbott analyser platforms can exclude adrenal insufficiency, while including both 30- and 60-min SST cortisol values in patients with afternoon cortisol <234 nmol/L can prevent unnecessary glucocorticoid replacement therapy in 22.3% of individuals in this study. The SST cortisol cutoffs used on Abbott analyser platforms to define adrenal insufficiency should be 366.5 nmol/L and 418.5 nmol/L at 30 and 60 min, respectively. All patients remained well subsequently with at least 1-year longitudinal follow-up.
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexander Dimitri Miras, Anna Kamocka, Belen Perez-Pevida, Sanjay Purkayastha, Krishna Moorthy, Ameet Patel, Harvinder Chahal, Gary Frost, Paul Bassett, Lidia Castagnetto-Gissey, Lucy Coppin, Nicola Jackson, Anne Margot Umpleby, Stephen Robert Bloom, Tricia Tan, Ahmed Rashid Ahmed, Francesco Rubino
Summary: The study demonstrates that lengthening the intestinal bypass during RYGB does not affect GLP-1 secretion, suggesting that the characteristic enhancement of GLP-1 response after RYGB may not depend on delivering nutrients to more distal intestinal segments.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bernard Khoo, Tricia Tan, Sophie A. Clarke, Edouard G. Mills, Bijal Patel, Manish Modi, Maria Phylactou, Pei Chia Eng, Layla Thurston, Emma C. Alexander, Karim Meeran, Alexander N. Comninos, Ali Abbara, Waljit S. Dhillo
Summary: Most patients with COVID-19 present with euthyroidism. Mild reductions in TSH and FT4 were observed in COVID-19 patients, consistent with a nonthyroidal illness syndrome. In survivors of COVID-19, thyroid function tests at follow-up returned to baseline.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
