Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicole Wagner, Kay-Dietrich Wagner
Summary: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that play important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. They are also involved in reducing inflammation and atherosclerosis. Different types of PPARs have specific synthetic agonists, which are used to treat dyslipidemia and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The safety of PPAR activators in cardiovascular diseases is still controversial.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biology
Luana Heimfarth, Mario Adriano dos Santos, Jose Augusto Barreto-Filho, Andre Sales Barreto, Fabricio Nunes Macedo, Adriano Antunes de Souza Araujo, Paulo Martins-Filho, Marcus Tullius Scotti, Luciana Scotti, Lucindo Jose Quintans-Junior
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused chaos in healthcare systems and there is currently no specific treatment available. Drugs with inverse agonist effects to the angiotensin-1 receptor may be promising tools in managing COVID-19 cases. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of angiotensin receptor blockers in treating COVID-19.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hidekatsu Yanai, Hiroki Adachi, Mariko Hakoshima, Hisayuki Katsuyama
Summary: Studies have shown that statins effectively lower levels of LDL-C and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, a significant proportion of patients still experience residual cardiovascular risk even after treatment with statins. Factors such as elevated triglycerides, low HDL-C, obesity/insulin resistance, and diabetes are believed to contribute to this residual risk. Understanding the molecular and biological mechanisms behind statin residual cardiovascular risk can help identify potential treatment strategies to further reduce this risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mauro G. Silva, Gerardo R. Corradi, Juan Perez Duhalde, Myriam Nunez, Eliana M. Cela, Daniel H. Gonzales Maglio, Ana Brizzio, Martin R. Salazar, Walter G. Espeche, Mariela M. Gironacci
Summary: This study found that COVID-19 patients have higher levels of ACE2 expression and enzymatic activity in their blood compared to healthy individuals, while levels of AngII and Ang-(1-7) are lower. Even when excluding COVID-19 patients under RAS blockade treatment, ACE2 expression and enzymatic activity remain higher in COVID-19 patients, suggesting the involvement of RAS in COVID-19.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Robert MacLachlan, Patrick Gavin Kehoe, J. Scott Miners
Summary: The activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1) is induced in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), independently from the normal physiological changes in ACE-1 protein during aging.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Atila Duque Rossi, Joao Locke Ferreira de Araujo, Tailah Bernardo de Almeida, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Camila de Almeida Velozo, Jessica Maciel de Almeida, Isabela de Carvalho Leitao, Samila Natiane Ferreira, Jessica da Silva Oliveira, Hugo Jose Alves, Helena Toledo Scheid, Debora Souza Faffe, Rafael Mello Galliez, Renata Eliane de Avila, Gustavo Gomes Resende, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Orlando da Costa Ferreira Junior, Terezinha Marta P. P. Castineiras, Renan Pedra Souza, Amilcar Tanuri, Renato Santana de Aguiar, Shana Priscila Coutinho Barroso, Cynthia Chester Cardoso
Summary: ACE2 and TMPRSS2 levels are positively correlated with age, which is strongly associated with respiratory distress. Increased ACE2 levels have a protective effect against this outcome, while the TMPRSS2/ACE2 ratio is associated with risk. In modeling COVID-19 severity, the TMPRSS2/ACE2 ratio outperforms ACE2.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Claudia Sagheddu, Miriam Melis, Anna Lisa Muntoni, Marco Pistis
Summary: Shared pathophysiological mechanisms are found in different neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. PPARs may play a neuroprotective role, suggesting that repurposing these drugs could be a potential treatment for diseases affecting the central nervous system.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jing-Yuan Xu, Wei Chang, Qin Sun, Fei Peng, Yi Yang
Summary: The study found that plasma midkine levels were significantly elevated in sepsis patients and closely related to the ACE system. In a mouse model, increased midkine levels were associated with more severe lung injury. Regional interference of midkine expression in lung tissue was shown to alleviate acute lung injury.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Hristo L. Svilenov, Florent Delhommel, Till Siebenmorgen, Florian Ruehrnoessl, Grzegorz M. Popowicz, Alwin Reiter, Michael Sattler, Carsten Brockmeyer, Johannes Buchner
Summary: The solution structure, stability, and dynamics of a broadly-acting antiviral ACE2-IgG-Fc fusion protein are determined. Small chemical compounds binding to ACE2 can be used to drastically increase the thermal stability of the ACE2 domain. Our findings reveal a general concept for stabilizing the labile receptor segments of therapeutic antiviral fusion proteins by chemical compounds.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olufunke Florence Ajeigbe, Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun, Ganiyu Oboh
Summary: Hypertension is a global health problem that requires pharmacological or non-pharmacological management or prevention. Recent research suggests that diets rich in fruits and vegetables can be effective in managing hypertension.
JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Steven D. Brooks, Rachel L. Smith, Aline S. Moreira, Hans C. Ackerman
Summary: Lisinopril increases ACE2 expression in tissues relevant to COVID-19, while adding losartan prevents the lisinopril-induced increase. A sex difference was observed with higher ACE2 levels in the kidneys of male mice.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lingxuan Li, Shin Murakami
Summary: Current research on the ACE gene has produced conflicting results on its association with human longevity. Our goal is to use artificial intelligence-assisted software to consolidate existing studies and gain a better understanding of the role of the ACE gene in human longevity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Genevieve L. Y. Rocheleau, Terry Lee, Yassene Mohammed, David Goodlett, Kevin Burns, Matthew P. Cheng, Karen Tran, David Sweet, John Marshall, Arthur S. Slutsky, Srinivas Murthy, Joel Singer, David M. Patrick, Bin Du, Zhiyong Peng, Todd C. Lee, John H. Boyd, Keith R. Walley, Francois Lamontagne, Robert Fowler, Brent W. Winston, Greg Haljan, Donald C. Vinh, Alison McGeer, David Maslove, Santiago Perez Patrigeon, Puneet Mann, Kathryn Donohoe, Geraldine Hernandez, James A. Russell
Summary: This study examined the effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, focusing on gender differences. The results showed that ARBs were associated with reduced use of ventilation and vasopressors in male patients, but not in female patients. Additionally, sex-based differences in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components may contribute to variations in outcomes and responses to ARBs in COVID-19.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas L. Williams, Gregory Strachan, Robyn G. C. Macrae, Rhoda E. Kuc, Duuamene Nyimanu, Anna L. Paterson, Sanjay Sinha, Janet J. Maguire, Anthony P. Davenport
Summary: ACE2 is a membrane protein that regulates the cardiovascular system and acts as a receptor for human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. A newly discovered short ACE2 isoform, deltaACE2, may affect individual susceptibility to viral infection and likelihood of developing Long COVID. Research shows that deltaACE2 is more expressed in the lung and liver compared to full-length ACE2.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jakub Jankowski, Hye Kyung Lee, Julia Wilflingseder, Lothar Hennighausen
Summary: This study reports on the genetic programs activated in kidney cells in response to interferons during COVID-19, and the inhibitory effect of a Janus kinase inhibitor. The findings help identify kidney-specific interferon responses.