Article
Engineering, Chemical
Huan Yang, Ella Hakkinen, Dian Ding, Runlong Cai, Juha Kangasluoma
Summary: This paper presents a new operation mode of the Electrical Mobility Spectrometer (EMS), called the Dynamic-aerosol-size Electrical Mobility Spectrometer (DEMS), which allows the aerosol particles to change their size during mobility classification in response to chemical/physical processes in the classification region. Unlike traditional EMS, DEMS focuses on probing the kinetics of aerosol-related processes rather than classifying the particle size. A theoretical framework is developed to analyze the transmission of size-changing particles in the classification region, and the validity of the framework is demonstrated through simulations and experiments.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yann Cohen, Virginie Marecal, Beatrice Josse, Valerie Thouret
Summary: A new method is proposed to compare a large IAGOS dataset to long-term simulations used for chemistry-climate studies, showing good agreement between model and observational data in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere for O-3 and CO distributions. The data projection onto the model's grid filters out biases arising from spatial or temporal resolution, with the use of a weighting function leading to enhanced assessment scores.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
David N. Whiteman, Kofi Boateng, Sara Harbison, Hadijat Oke, Audrey Rappaport, Monique Watson, Ayomiposi Ajayi, Oluwafisayo Okunuga, Ricardo Forno, Marcos Andrade
Summary: For the past 4 years, students from Eleanor Roosevelt High School in Greenbelt, Maryland, have conducted their senior research projects at the Howard University Beltsville Research Campus in Beltsville, Maryland. Their projects have focused on testing and correcting low-cost sensors and developing instrumentation for profiling the lower atmosphere. The results showed that a correction technique was needed for the low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensor due to inaccuracies caused by hygroscopic aerosols in high humidity conditions. The attempt to measure PM during a recent experiment was unsuccessful.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Rizana Salim, Aishwarya Singh, S. Swetha, Kavyashree n. Kalkura, Amar krishna Gopinath, Subha s. Raj, K. A. Rameshchand, R. ravi Krishna, Sachin s. Gunthe
Summary: Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction is a major source of uncertainty in understanding climate change. Accurately estimating the aerosol properties that affect cloud and precipitation formation is crucial for improving climate models. However, inaccurate calibration of the Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCNC) has resulted in erroneous data and parameterization uncertainties. In this study, a global calibration equation derived from CCNC calibration experiments in different environments was proposed and demonstrated to improve the accuracy of CCN measurements, especially at high-altitude locations.
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachel M. Kirpes, Ziying Lei, Matthew Fraund, Matthew J. Gunsch, Nathaniel W. May, Tate E. Barrett, Claire E. Moffett, Andrew J. Schauer, Becky Alexander, Lucia M. Upchurch, Swarup China, Patricia K. Quinn, Ryan C. Moffet, Alexander Laskin, Rebecca J. Sheesley, Kerri A. Pratt, Andrew P. Ault
Summary: The impact of atmospheric aerosols on climate depends on the size, composition, and phase of individual particles. This study finds that in the Arctic Ocean, 30% of particles in marine air masses are solid organic-coated ammonium sulfate particles, formed through collision with newly formed sulfate particles. With declining sea ice, this particle source is expected to increase.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. Davies, O. Absil, G. Agapito, A. Agudo Berbel, A. Baruffolo, V. Biliotti, M. Black, M. Bonaglia, M. Bonse, R. Briguglio, P. Campana, Y. Cao, L. Carbonaro, A. Cortes, G. Cresci, Y. Dallilar, F. Dannert, R. J. De Rosa, M. Deysenroth, I. Di Antonio, A. Di Cianno, G. Di Rico, D. Doelman, M. Dolci, R. Dorn, F. Eisenhauer, S. Esposito, D. Fantinel, D. Ferruzzi, H. Feuchtgruber, G. Finger, N. M. Foerster Schreiber, X. Gao, H. Gemperlein, R. Genzel, S. Gillessen, C. Ginski, A. M. Glauser, A. Glindemann, P. Grani, M. Hartl, J. Hayoz, M. Heida, D. Henry, R. Hofmann, H. Huber, M. Kasper, C. Keller, M. Kenworthy, K. Kravchenko, H. Kuntschner, S. Lacour, J. Lightfoot, D. Lunney, D. Lutz, M. Macintosh, F. Mannucci, M. Marsset, A. Modigliani, M. Neeser, G. Orban de Xivry, T. Ott, L. Pallanca, P. Patapis, D. Pearson, E. Pena, I. Percheron, A. Puglisi, S. P. Quanz, S. Rabien, C. Rau, A. Riccardi, B. Salasnich, H. -M Schmid, J. Schubert, B. Serra, T. Shimizu, F. Snik, E. Sturm, L. Tacconi, W. Taylor, A. Valentini, C. Waring, E. Wiezorrek, M. Xompero
Summary: The Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph (ERIS) is an instrument that replaces two instruments at VLT, extends and enhances their capabilities, utilizes Adaptive Optics Facility for wavefront sensing, and significantly improves performance. It offers integral field spectroscopy, imaging, and long-slit spectroscopy across different wavelength ranges. Installed at the Cassegrain focus of UT4, ERIS has been made available to the community after its commissioning in 2022.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Momen Diab, Aline N. Dinkelaker, John Davenport, Kalaga Madhav, Martin M. Roth
Summary: By combining low-order adaptive optics and photonic lanterns, efficient coupling of starlight into multiplexed astrophotonic devices is achieved, resulting in a hybrid system with a higher signal-to-noise ratio compared to standalone devices. The trade-off between degrees of freedom of the adaptive optics system and the input waveguide of integrated optic components is investigated through simulations and experimental tests to optimize the cost-effective system design.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Shuai Yuan, Chenxi Ji, Haitian Han, Yue Sun, Chad Mashuga
Summary: Aerosols receive less attention in terms of flammable and explosive hazards compared to gases and dust clouds, highlighting the need for quantitative testing procedures. The paper discusses criteria for assessing aerosol flammability hazard, methodologies for generating aerosols, and proposes a systematic strategy to investigate the mechanisms and consequences of aerosol combustion and explosions.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Parastoo Afshari, Christian Zakian, Jeannine Bachmann, Vasilis Ntziachristos
Summary: This study introduces a new endoscopic ultrasonography technique, REACT, which effectively reduces speckle noise and improves signal contrast, showing potential for accurate identification and precise sizing of lymph nodes in staging of gastrointestinal tract cancers.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Romain Blot, Philippe Nedelec, Damien Boulanger, Pawel Wolff, Bastien Sauvage, Jean-Marc Cousin, Gilles Athier, Andreas Zahn, Florian Obersteiner, Dieter Scharffe, Herve Petetin, Yasmine Bennouna, Hannah Clark, Valerie Thouret
Summary: IAGOS is a European research infrastructure that equips aircrafts with systems for monitoring atmospheric composition. An intercomparison study on O-3 and CO measurements from different configurations showed no drift in bias since 1994, indicating the data consistency for long-term trend analysis.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fobang Liu, Taekyu Joo, Jenna C. Ditto, Maria G. Saavedra, Masayuki Takeuchi, Alexandra J. Boris, Yuhan Yang, Rodney J. Weber, Ann M. Dillner, Drew R. Gentner, Nga L. Ng
Summary: Exposure to PM2.5 is associated with millions of premature deaths annually. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through oxidative stress is a possible mechanism for PM2.5-induced health effects. In this study, the authors found that oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), particularly more-oxidized OOA, is the main type of organic aerosol associated with cellular ROS production. They also identified highly unsaturated species with carbon-oxygen double bonds and aromatic rings in OOA as major contributors to cellular ROS production. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the sources and chemical characteristics of ambient OA in formulating strategies to mitigate the health impacts of PM2.5.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Nicholas Clements, Ilan Arvelo, Phil Arnold, Nicholas J. Heredia, Ulrike W. Hodges, Stan Deresinski, Peter W. Cook, Kerry A. Hamilton
Summary: Using aerosol-based tracers, a method is proposed to scale a SARS-CoV-2 bulk aerosol quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model, allowing estimation of risk of infectious aerosol transmission and evaluating the impact of risk mitigation efforts. By measuring aerosolized synthetic DNA tracer concentrations and accounting for pathogen infectivity loss over time, the inhaled pathogen dose and risk of infection can be scaled with time-integrated tracer concentrations. Scenario testing is conducted to assess the effectiveness of ventilation, occupancy, masking, and layering interventions on infection risk.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
V. S. Dhillon, N. Bezawada, M. Black, S. D. Dixon, T. Gamble, X. Gao, D. M. Henry, P. Kerry, S. P. Littlefair, D. W. Lunney, T. R. Marsh, C. Miller, S. G. Parsons, R. P. Ashley, E. Breedt, A. Brown, M. J. Dyer, M. J. Green, I Pelisoli, D. Sahman, J. Wild, D. J. Ives, L. Mehrgan, J. Stegmeier, C. M. Dubbeldam, T. J. Morris, J. Osborn, R. W. Wilson, J. Casares, T. Munoz-Darias, E. Palle, P. Rodriguez-Gil, T. Shahbaz, M. A. P. Torres, A. de Ugarte Postigo, A. Cabrera-Lavers, R. L. M. Corradi, R. D. Dominguez, D. Garcia-Alvarez
Summary: HiPERCAM is a portable quintuple-beam optical imager that can record images simultaneously with its five CCD cameras, allowing for both deep long-exposure imaging and high-speed imaging. Utilizing frame-transfer devices cooled thermo-electrically, it can achieve detections of astronomical sources at high precision. By combining HiPERCAM with the world's largest optical telescope, it can enhance the effective field of view and achieve detections of astronomical sources with high limits.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. S. Wan, D. S. Hamilton, N. M. Mahowald
Summary: Uncertainty in preindustrial aerosol emissions, particularly from fires, significantly impacts the estimation of anthropogenic radiative forcing. Variations in the location and magnitude of fire emissions can lead to significant changes in aerosol forcing, both in direct radiative forcing and cloud albedo forcing. Altering the spatial distribution of preindustrial fires for a fixed magnitude introduces a previously unaccounted uncertainty to the total aerosol radiative forcing range.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Dongyuan Liu, Yao Zhang, Pengrui Zhang, Tieni LI, Zhiyong LI, Limin Zhang, Feng Gao
Summary: Separation of physiological interferences and neural hemodynamics is crucial for the implementation of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Existing solutions rely on priori information, hindering real-time application. To overcome this, a novel priori-free scheme combining deep-learning-based interference characterization and Kalman filtering is proposed for real-time interference suppression and activation extraction.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gary Lloyd, Martin Gallagher, Thomas Choularton, Martina Kramer, Petzold Andreas, Darrel Baumgardner
Summary: High-altitude cirrus clouds were observed using data collected from commercial aircraft. The measurements revealed seasonal trends in cloud fractions in different regions. Further research is needed to compare these findings with previous studies and assess the formation mechanisms of clouds in different regions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stefan Seeger, Janos Osan, Otto Czompoly, Armin Gross, Hagen Stosnach, Luca Stabile, Maria Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou, Lamprini Areti Tsakanika, Theopisti Lymperopoulou, Sharon Goddard, Markus Fiebig, Francois Gaie-Levrel, Yves Kayser, Burkhard Beckhoff
Summary: The study successfully developed a tool for quantifying particle element compositions within short time intervals and even on-site by combining cascade impactor aerosol sampling with on-site total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The method showed good time and size resolution in observing aerosol chemistry changes, with a non-destructive elemental mass concentration measurement achieving a lower limit of detection around 10 pg/m(3). Results also demonstrated the traceability of field TXRF measurements to a radiometrically calibrated TXRF reference.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yun Li, Christoph Mahnke, Susanne Rohs, Ulrich Bundke, Nicole Spelten, Georgios Dekoutsidis, Silke Gross, Christiane Voigt, Ulrich Schumann, Andreas Petzold, Martina Kraemer
Summary: In this study, microphysical, optical, and environmental properties of contrail and natural cirrus were examined. It was found that pure contrail cirrus has higher ice particle concentration, smaller mass mean radius, and lower ice water content compared to the mixture of contrail, natural, and liquid-origin cirrus. The study also observed that contrail cirrus is more likely to occur in slightly ice-subsaturated air.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Patrick Weber, Andreas Petzold, Oliver F. Bischof, Benedikt Fischer, Marcel Berg, Andrew Freedman, Timothy B. Onasch, Ulrich Bundke
Summary: This study uses an optical closure approach to measure the intensive optical properties of aerosols and quantifies the uncertainties in the determination of these properties. The results suggest that the derived coefficients of light absorption, scattering, and extinction from combining measurements of two independent instruments agree with measurements from single instruments, providing closure. However, the estimated uncertainties for absorption coefficients can exceed 100% for atmospherically relevant single-scattering albedo values, indicating that caution should be taken when interpreting these values.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stephen M. Platt, Oystein Hov, Torunn Berg, Knut Breivik, Sabine Eckhardt, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Rebecca Fisher, Georg Hansen, Hans-Christen Hansson, Jost Heintzenberg, Ove Hermansen, Dominic Heslin-Rees, Kim Holmen, Stephen Hudson, Roland Kallenborn, Radovan Krejci, Terje Krognes, Steinar Larssen, David Lowry, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Chris Lunder, Euan Nisbet, Pernilla B. Nizzetto, Ki-Tae Park, Christina A. Pedersen, Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber, Thomas Rockmann, Norbert Schmidbauer, Sverre Solberg, Andreas Stohl, Johan Strom, Tove Svendby, Peter Tunved, Kjersti Tornkvist, Carina van der Veen, Stergios Vratolis, Young Jun Yoon, Karl Espen Yttri, Paul Zieger, Wenche Aas, Kjetil Torseth
Summary: The Zeppelin Observatory is an important atmospheric measurement site located on Zeppelin Mountain in the Svalbard archipelago. It is part of several European and global monitoring programmes and research infrastructures. This article provides details on the establishment of the observatory and presents a review of the current state of the European Arctic atmosphere and future research directions.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Martin J. Osborne, Johannes de Leeuw, Claire Witham, Anja Schmidt, Frances Beckett, Nina Kristiansen, Joelle Buxmann, Cameron Saint, Ellsworth J. Welton, Javier Fochesatto, Ana R. Gomes, Ulrich Bundke, Andreas Petzold, Franco Marenco, Jim Haywood
Summary: Using numerical simulations and observation data, researchers identified that the stratospheric layers over the UK were not caused by the Raikoke volcano eruption, but by smoke aerosols from intense forest fires in Canada.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Clemence Rose, Martine Collaud Coen, Elisabeth Andrews, Yong Lin, Isaline Bossert, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Thomas Tuch, Alfred Wiedensohler, Markus Fiebig, Pasi Aalto, Andres Alastuey, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Marcos Andrade, Begona Artinano, Todor Arsov, Urs Baltensperger, Susanne Bastian, Olaf Bath, Johan Paul Beukes, Benjamin T. Brem, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Juan Andres Casquero-Vera, Sebastien Conil, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Olivier Favez, Harald Flentje, Maria Gini, Francisco Javier Gomez-Moreno, Martin Gysel-Beer, Anna Gannet Hallar, Ivo Kalapov, Nikos Kalivitis, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Melita Keywood, Jeong Eun Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Adam Kristensson, Markku Kulmala, Heikki Lihavainen, Neng-Huei Lin, Hassan Lyamani, Angela Marinoni, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero, Frank Meinhardt, Maik Merkel, Jean-Marc Metzger, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Marco Pandolfi, Noemi Perez, Tuukka Petaja, Jean-Eudes Petit, David Picard, Jean-Marc Pichon, Veronique Pont, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Fabienne Reisen, Karine Sellegri, Sangeeta Sharma, Gerhard Schauer, Patrick Sheridan, James Patrick Sherman, Andreas Schwerin, Ralf Sohmer, Mar Sorribas, Junying Sun, Pierre Tulet, Ville Vakkari, Pieter Gideon van Zyl, Fernando Velarde, Paolo Villani, Stergios Vratolis, Zdenek Wagner, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Kay Weinhold, Rolf Weller, Margarita Yela, Vladimir Zdimal, Paolo Laj
Summary: Aerosol particles have a significant impact on climate by affecting solar radiation and contributing to cloud formation. This study conducted measurements at ground-based stations around the world in 2016 or 2017 to provide a current understanding of particle distribution. The results show differences in particle concentrations and seasonal variations between polar and urban environments.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hannah Clark, Yasmine Bennouna, Maria Tsivlidou, Pawel Wolff, Bastien Sauvage, Brice Barret, Eric Le Flochmoen, Romain Blot, Damien Boulanger, Jean-Marc Cousin, Philippe Nedelec, Andreas Petzold, Valerie Thouret
Summary: IAGOS equips commercial aircraft with a system for measuring atmospheric composition, with Deutsche Lufthansa operating an IAGOS-equipped aircraft during the COVID-19 lockdown providing regular measurements of ozone and carbon monoxide. Data shows a significant increase in ozone near the surface during the lockdown, possibly linked to a reduction in NO.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Georgios Gkatzelis, Jessica B. Gilman, Steven S. Brown, Henk Eskes, A. Rita Gomes, Anne C. Lange, Brian C. McDonald, Jeff Peischl, Andreas Petzold, Chelsea R. Thompson, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented government interventions to limit disease transmission, impacting atmospheric emissions and air quality. Current literature lacks sufficient research on meteorological correction and emission trends, highlighting the need for comprehensive data analysis to predict future pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Karl Espen Yttri, Francesco Canonaco, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Hans Gundersen, Anne-Gunn Hjellbrekke, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Stephen Matthew Platt, Andre S. H. Prevot, David Simpson, Sverre Solberg, Jason Surratt, Kjetil Torseth, Hilde Uggerud, Marit Vadset, Xin Wan, Wenche Aas
Summary: This study presents 18 years (2001-2018) of aerosol measurements at the Birkenes Observatory in southern Norway, providing data on organic and elemental carbon, organic tracers, trace elements, and ions. Analysis shows a decrease in OC/EC emissions from traffic and industry, while emission reductions from biomass burning have been less successful. Biogenic sources were found to be dominant in the aerosol composition without a downward trend in organic carbon.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Julia Perim de Faria, Ulrich Bundke, Andrew Freedman, Timothy B. Onasch, Andreas Petzold
Summary: The performance of the CAPS PMSSA was evaluated against proven technologies in an optical-closure study, showing good agreement in measuring scattering, extinction, and absorption coefficients. The CAPS PMSSA absorption measurements compared well with the PSAP measurements for small particle sizes and modest SSA values. The study concludes that the CAPS PMSSA is a robust and reliable instrument for direct measurement of scattering and extinction coefficients, with relative accuracy decreasing for larger SSAs and particle sizes.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2021)
