Article
Environmental Sciences
Christopher T. Reinhard, Noah J. Planavsky, Anu Khan
Summary: To achieve key climate goals, a massive carbon dioxide removal industry needs to be developed, requiring the simultaneous creation of regulatory frameworks and effective incentive structures. Currently, most capital flow, technological development, and monitoring and verification are led by the private sector. However, a shift is necessary to bring robust and responsible carbon removal to scale. In the short term, addressing flawed incentive structures is critical for transitioning to a stable and large-scale marketplace for durable carbon removal.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Charles D. Koven, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Abigail L. S. Swann
Summary: We investigate the response of the Earth's climate and carbon system to sequential addition and removal of CO2, and find that the warming during emissions reduction and negative emissions phases is determined by the cumulative emissions and zero emissions commitment (ZEC). The ZEC controls the timing between peak cumulative emissions and peak temperature, highlighting its significance in climate policies. The relationship between the transient climate response and ZEC holds even when prior cumulative CO2 emissions are completely removed.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ji Min, Gongxing Yan, Azher M. Abed, Samia Elattar, Mohamed Amine Khadimallah, Amin Jan, H. Elhosiny Ali
Summary: During the anthropocentric period, sustainable energy supply and climate change pose significant problems for humans. The building sector is a major contributor to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and reducing a building's energy consumption and environmental impact is crucial. This can be achieved through the use of zero-energy buildings and sustainable clean energy, resulting in savings in energy, CO2, and improved building performance.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dominic Woolf, Johannes Lehmann, Stephen Ogle, Ayaka W. Kishimoto-Mo, Brian McConkey, Jeffrey Baldock
Summary: Stabilizing the global climate requires reducing greenhouse gas emissions and removing CO2 from the atmosphere. GHG accounting protocols are needed to quantify the mitigation impact of CO2 removal practices like biochar sequestration. Research shows that the carbon content of biochar varies with feedstock and production conditions, with a significant portion remaining unmineralized in soil for long-term sequestration.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Roger Curcoll, Josep-Anton Morgui, Armand Kamnang, Lidia Canas, Arturo Vargas, Claudia Grossi
Summary: This study presents a low-cost air enquirer kit for measuring soil CO2 emissions. By calibrating the sensors and correcting for environmental parameters, measurement errors can be reduced. The kit allows for continuous measurements of CO2 fluxes and concentrations, with the advantages of low cost, low energy demand, and low maintenance.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lele Tang, Linhai Zhang, Ping Yang, Chuan Tong, Hong Yang, Lishan Tan, Yongxin Lin, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Kam W. Tang
Summary: This study measured CO2 concentrations in aquaculture ponds in the Shanyutan Wetland, China, and calculated CO2 fluxes between sediment-water and water-air interfaces. It was found that photosynthetic activity drove the temporal variations in water column CO2 concentration and water-air CO2 flux, while sediment temperature influenced the changes in porewater CO2 concentration and sediment-water CO2 flux. The pond water body showed a high capacity to consume excess CO2.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Florian Dietrich, Jia Chen, Ankit Shekhar, Sebastian Lober, Konstantin Kraemer, Graham Leggett, Carina van der Veen, Ilona Velzeboer, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Thomas Rockmann
Summary: Natural gas is considered a bridging technology in the energy transition due to its lower carbon emissions compared to coal. However, leaks can release methane into the atmosphere, significantly increasing the carbon footprint of natural gas. A study compared the climate impacts of gas-powered and electricity-powered appliances, using the Munich Oktoberfest as a case study and extending it to 25 major natural gas consuming countries. The study found that electricity has been the more climate-friendly energy source at Oktoberfest since 2005, but natural gas still produces lower carbon emissions than electricity for end-user appliances in 18 out of 25 countries studied. As the share of renewable energy increases, the carbon footprint of electricity will likely surpass that of natural gas in these countries in the future. These findings can inform the debate on addressing climate change effectively.
Article
Economics
Francis X. Diebold, Glenn D. Rudebusch, Maximilian Gobel, Philippe Goulet Coulombe, Boyuan Zhang
Summary: Rapidly diminishing Arctic summer sea ice is a strong signal of global climate change. We provide forecasts for four measures of Arctic sea ice: area, extent, thickness, and volume. These forecasts predict a nearly ice-free summer Arctic Ocean by the mid-2030s with an 80% probability. Lowering carbon dioxide emissions may delay the arrival of a seasonally ice-free Arctic by a few years.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMETRICS
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Jeffrey T. Baker, Robert J. Lascano, Charles Yates, Dennis C. Gitz
Summary: The rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has led to the development of research methods to study its effects on crop plants. Nighttime CO2 enrichment did not have an effect on cotton seedling leaf area and growth, suggesting that the effects may be species or cultivar dependent.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Henri F. Drake, Ronald L. Rivest, Alan Edelman, John Deutch
Summary: The MARGO model emphasizes the importance of climate control methods and proposes a clear policy response process. Early and aggressive mitigation is crucial for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations, while trade-offs between different controls are influenced by future costs and value-driven parameters.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Benjamin Poulter, Francis M. Adams-Metayer, Cibele Amaral, Abigail Barenblitt, Anthony Campbell, Sean P. Charles, Rosa Maria Roman-Cuesta, Rocco D'Ascanio, Erin R. Delaria, Cheryl Doughty, Temilola Fatoyinbo, Jonathan Gewirtzman, Thomas F. Hanisco, Moshema Hull, S. Randy Kawa, Reem Hannun, David Lagomasino, Leslie Lait, Sparkle L. Malone, Paul A. Newman, Peter Raymond, Judith A. Rosentreter, Nathan Thomas, Derrick Vaughn, Glenn M. Wolfe, Lin Xiong, Qing Ying, Zhen Zhang
Summary: The BlueFlux field campaign aims to develop blue carbon products for coastal carbon management. It conducts multi-scale measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes, combined with long-term carbon burial, to understand blue carbon as a climate solution. The first deployment in Southern Florida showed that mangrove CH4 emissions offset the CO2 uptake, resulting in a total net uptake of about 31.8 Tg CO2-eq y(-1).
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Yousef Ghazikhanlou Sani, Ali Reza Yousefi, Khalil Jamshidi, Farid Shekari, Jose L. Gonzalez-Andujar, Nicholas E. Korres
Summary: Information on the impact of climate change on weed species growth and herbicide efficacy is important for establishing effective weed management strategies. This study evaluated the effects of temperature and CO2 changes on the growth of different weed species and the effectiveness of a specific herbicide. The results showed that temperature and CO2 concentrations influenced the morphological characteristics of the weeds, and temperature had an impact on herbicide efficacy. Additionally, increasing CO2 concentrations enhanced herbicide efficacy in all weed species, with the greatest effect on C-3 weeds.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Weichao Guo, Mohammad Safeeq, Hongyan Liu, Xiuchen Wu, Guotao Cui, Qin Ma, Michael L. Goulden, Mats Lindeskog, Roger C. Bales
Summary: Feedbacks between the water and carbon cycles in semi-arid mountain ecosystems can introduce uncertainties into carbon storage projections. This study found that warming reduces carbon storage due to water limitations on growth and enhanced soil respiration, but CO2 fertilization and improved water-use efficiency offset this loss. Additionally, accounting for precipitation gradients and actual water storage is important in modeling carbon-water interactions.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liudmila Mukhortova, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Elena Moltchanova, Anatoly Shvidenko, Nikolay Khabarov, Linda See
Summary: Soil respiration is a major ecosystem carbon flux with a strong relationship to climate, and in Russia, soil properties play a key role in mediating the climate effect on respiration. Vegetation class determines the contribution of autotrophic respiration to the total respiration flux. Estimates suggest that heterotrophic soil respiration in Russia may increase by 12-13% by 2050 and reach 3.5-4.3 Pg C yr(-1) based on different climate scenarios. Disturbances are found to have a minimal impact on increasing heterotrophic soil respiration in Russia, contributing to less than 2% of the total flux.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Marcus C. Sarofim, Joel B. Smith, Alexis St Juliana, Corinne Hartin
Summary: Reduced complexity climate models are valuable tools for practical policy applications, but their performance evaluation and application still need further development. Stakeholder-driven development and assessment, along with open-source code and guidance, play a crucial role in improving model selection and application.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ryan Harmon, Holly R. Barnard, Kamini Singha
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2020)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ashley A. Coble, Holly Barnard, Enhao Du, Sherri Johnson, Julia Jones, Elizabeth Keppeler, Hyojung Kwon, Timothy E. Link, Brooke E. Penaluna, Maryanne Reiter, Mark River, Klaus Puettmann, Joseph Wagenbrenner
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Lindsey Christensen, Hallie R. Adams, Xiaonan Tai, Holly R. Barnard, Paul D. Brooks
Summary: The study found that increasing temperatures and precipitation in the Front Range of Colorado's Boulder Creek Watershed have led to changes in hydrologic partitioning, with the most significant declines in streamflow occurring during the summer and autumn baseflow. The warming in spring has led to an increase in episodic spring melt events, while vegetation is becoming more water limited despite increases in precipitation and slower snowmelt.
Article
Ecology
Noortje H. Grijseels, Martin Buchert, Paul D. Brooks, Diane E. Pataki
Summary: The study quantified the 3D structure and woody species composition of riparian forests in Utah, USA, revealing patterns of vegetation influenced by topography, hydrology, and human land use. Urbanized areas had more introduced and upland species compared to natural areas, with exceptionally tall trees in older residential neighborhoods. LiDAR data, combined with ground observations, can provide insight into the influence of hydrology and land use on riparian forest canopy layers.
Article
Water Resources
Sidney A. Bush, Robert F. Stallard, Brian A. Ebel, Holly R. Barnard
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andrew L. Birch, Robert F. Stallard, Holly R. Barnard
Summary: This study analyzed storm hydrographs from three humid tropical catchments with different land cover and land use history in Panama, finding that new-water dominated storm runoff generation in all three land covers. Results suggest a threshold response with specific rainfall volumes and intensities affecting storm runoff generation, with the pastoral catchment contributing significantly more new-water during storm events compared to the forested catchments. The study proposes a conceptual model of hydrologic flow paths in humid tropical systems to explain disparities in seasonal storage and runoff with respect to land use/land cover.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Isaac S. Bukoski, Sheila F. Murphy, Andrew L. Birch, Holly R. Barnard
Summary: By analyzing water samples from small foothill catchments and a larger catchment extending from foothills to subalpine regions, this study investigated the impact of land use and precipitation changes on hydrologic flowpaths. Findings showed that lithogenic constituents increased and dissolved organic carbon decreased with decreasing seasonal runoff, indicating a transition in flowpaths, and suggested that anthropogenic activities can influence local stream and groundwater chemistry. Additionally, the study highlighted the influence of anthropogenic land use on runoff generation during storm events.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paul D. Brooks, Andrew Gelderloos, Margaret A. Wolf, Logan R. Jamison, Courtenay Strong, D. Kip Solomon, Gabriel J. Bowen, Steve Burian, Xiaonan Tai, Seth Arens, Laura Briefer, Tracie Kirkham, Jesse Stewart
Summary: The study focuses on improving predictions of snowmelt-driven water supplies through long-term streamflow and climate records. It identifies the strong predictive role of groundwater discharge on runoff efficiency, and demonstrates that incorporating information on antecedent groundwater storage with precipitation and melt dynamics can significantly reduce uncertainty in annual runoff.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Beatrice L. Gordon, Paul D. Brooks, Sebastian A. Krogh, Gabrielle F. S. Boisrame, Rosemary W. H. Carroll, James P. McNamara, Adrian A. Harpold
Summary: Climate change is altering the snow accumulation and ablation process in mid-latitude mountainous regions, affecting water resources downstream. However, our ability to predict streamflow changes is restricted by the variability of snow dynamics and the lack of a consistent framework to understand the dominant mechanisms. This study provides a data-driven review and proposes a framework comprising three testable mechanisms, aiming to improve streamflow prediction and management decisions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
E. F. Burns, D. M. Rempe, A. D. Parsekian, L. M. Schmidt, K. Singha, H. R. Barnard
Summary: Warming in the western United States is causing changes in precipitation patterns and snowpack, leading to uncertainty about water availability in montane forests. This study investigated the role of deep vadose-zone water as a late-season water source for vegetation in a montane catchment of the Rocky Mountains. By measuring rock moisture and monitoring various environmental factors, the researchers found that rock moisture depletion was correlated with above-ground vegetation density and transpiration. These findings highlight the importance of deep vadose-zone water in mitigating forest water stress.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Margaret A. Wolf, Logan R. Jamison, D. Kip Solomon, Courtenay Strong, Paul D. Brooks
Summary: Seasonally snow-covered catchments in the western United States provide water supply to growing populations through annual snowmelt-driven streamflow and multi-year groundwater recharge. The variability in streamflow is largely influenced by precipitation, but the efficiency of runoff varies greatly among catchments. This study finds that the variability in winter baseflow, an indicator of groundwater storage, shows periodicity of 2-5 and 12-15 years, driven by regional precipitation patterns and snowmelt dynamics. These results highlight the need to consider the influence of antecedent climate on groundwater storage when managing water supplies from snow-covered catchments.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Keira Johnson, Adrian Harpold, Rosemary W. H. Carroll, Holly Barnard, Mark S. Raleigh, Catalina Segura, Li Li, Kenneth H. Williams, Wenming Dong, Pamela L. Sullivan
Summary: Summer streamflow predictions are crucial for water resource management, but shifts from snow to rain regimes and reductions in snowpack affect low-flow predictive models. Understanding the variability of groundwater contributions is important for predicting summer low flows. This study quantifies the groundwater contribution during the recession limb to predict summer low flows in three western US watersheds. The results show that recession limb groundwater is a strong predictor of low flows across all sites and significantly improves prediction compared to snow metrics at rain-dominated sites. The study suggests that the control of recession limb groundwater on summer low flows may be mediated by subsurface storage, with the proportion of dynamic storage being a key factor. Including recession limb groundwater improves low-flow prediction in diverse watersheds.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaonan Tai, William R. L. Anderegg, Peter D. Blanken, Sean P. Burns, Lindsey Christensen, Paul D. Brooks
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kurt C. Solander, Brent D. Newman, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo, Holly R. Barnard, Z. Carter Berry, Damien Bonal, Mario Bretfeld, Benoit Burban, Luiz Antonio Candido, Rolando Celleri, Jeffery Q. Chambers, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Matteo Detto, Wouter A. Dorigo, Brent E. Ewers, Savio Jose Filgueiras Ferreira, Alexander Knohl, L. Ruby Leung, Nate G. McDowell, Gretchen R. Miller, Maria Terezinha Ferreira Monteiro, Georgianne W. Moore, Robinson Negron-Juarez, Scott R. Saleska, Christian Stiegler, Javier Tomasella, Chonggang Xu
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2020)
